• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.140-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze 181 papers about brain-based learning appeared in domestic scientific journals from 1989 to May of 2012 and suggest application conditions in elementary science education. The results of this study summarizes as follows; First, learning activity suggested by brain-based learning study is mainly explained by working of brain function. Learning activity explained by brain-based learning study are divided into 'learning according to specialized brain function, learning according to brain function integration and learning beyond specialization and integration of hemispheres'. Second, it searched how increased knowledge of brain structure and function affects learning. Analysis from this point of view suggests that brain-based learning study affects learning in many ways especially emotion, creativity and learning motivation. Third, brain-based learning study suggests various possibilities of learning activity reflecting brain plasticity. Plasticity which is one of most important characteristics of brain supports the validity of learning activity as learning disorder treatment and explains the possibility of selective increment of brain function by leaning activity and the need of whole-brain approach to learning activity. Fourth, brain-based learning brought paradigm shifts in education field. It supports learning sophistication on the understanding of student's learning activity, guides learning method that reflects the characteristics of subject and demands reconstruction of curriculum. Fifth, there are many conditions to apply brain-based learning in elementary science education field, learning environment that fits brain-based learning, change of perspectives on teaching and learning of science educators and development of brain-based learning curriculum are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.369-374
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• 2015

Purpose: This study attempts to determine the effects of water-based exercise performed on stroke patients in their muscle activity of lower extremity and gait ability tests. Methods: The subjects were 20 stroke patients, who were randomly divided into a water-based exercise group and a land-based exercise group, each including 10 patients. Both exercises were performed 3 days per week, for 40 minutes a day, for a period of eight weeks. Results: The water-based exercise group showed a greater increase in muscle activity of lower extremity compared to the land-based exercise group. The water-based exercise group showed a greater increase in gait ability than the land-based group, showing a significant difference and better efficiency of water-based exercise when compared to land-based exercise. Conclusion: From the result of this study, we found that water-based exercises are more effective in improving muscle activity of lower extremity and gait ability. The patient is considered to be used by itself to involve the treatment and the risk of falling from the lowered state into the treatment method for the intensive treatment of stroke patients to be useful in improving the strength and ability to walk.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1421-1429
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• 2017

Human activity recognition has been studied using various sensors and algorithms. Human activity recognition can be divided into sensor based and vision based on the method. In this paper, we proposed an activity recognition system using acceleration sensor and gyroscope sensor in smartphone among sensor based methods. We used Deep Belief Network (DBN), which is one of the most popular deep learning methods, to improve an accuracy of human activity recognition. DBN uses the entire input set as a common input. However, because of the characteristics of different time window depending on the type of human activity, the RBMs, which is a component of DBN, are configured hierarchically by combining them from different time windows. As a result of applying to real data, The proposed human activity recognition system showed stable precision.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-69
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• 2001

A new cost management system, called Activity Based Costing (ABC) system, has arisen to solve the limitation of a Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA) system until last two decades and ABC has been applied by many companies. TCA systems have limitation in tracing cost because they arbitrarily allocate overhead cost to the cost objects without standard for direct cost distribution. ABC is an accounting system that assigns costs to products or services based on the resources they consume. The costs of all activities are traced to the products for which they are performed. Therefore ABC is a cost management system that provides a matrix to accurately quantify consumed resources triggered by activities and activities triggered by products and services. There is little implementation of ABC in the health services field, one of service industries, due to complicated and many activities, and volatile cost object. However, the necessity for applying reasonable cost accounting system is largely issuing as strategy responding hostile environment, and financial pressure, and it is imperative to implement the Activity Based Costing (ABC) system. Therefore, this study presents the framework to develop ABC system for total health service organizations. Cost objects in this study base on medical service activities per health insurance claim from one general hospital located in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Medical service activities include all health insurance claims in the hospital. The purpose of the study is presenting useful tools and basic frame to develop Activity Based Costing system for health service organizations which want to use ABC system. The steps to develop ABC system for health service organizations are following: 1. Identifying of activity centers; 2. Definition of cost objects and activity by activity center; 3. Analysis of activity and tracing activity contribution; 4. Allocation of direct cost for specific activity; 5. Allocation of indirect cost for specific activity; 6. Allocation of depreciation for facilities, applicants, and consumption goods; 7. Allocation of administration cost; 8. Allocation of cost among activity centers; and 9. Tracing cost of cost objects by activity center. This study identified necessary information from existing reports which hospitals generally made by each step, and defined outcome which had to be produced in each step using this information. The steps of this study had limitation to apply all different size hospitals because the steps were structured ABC system by one hospital, however, this study used similar basic framework and methods with general cases. When a health service organization want to apply Activity Based Costing (ABC) system on all activities of it in future days, this study is very useful to design system structure in the health service organization.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to statistical model-based voice activity detection (VAD) that incorporates a second-order conditional maximum a posteriori (CMAP) criterion. As a technical improvement for the first-order CMAP criterion in [1], we consider both the current observation and the voice activity decision in the previous two frames to take full consideration of the interframe correlation of voice activity. This is clearly different from the previous approach [1] in that we employ the voice activity decisions in the second-order (previous two frames) CMAP, which has quadruple thresholds with an additional degree of freedom, rather than the first-order (previous single frame). Also, a soft-decision scheme is incorporated, resulting in time-varying thresholds for further performance improvement. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional CMAP-based VAD technique under various experimental conditions.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2010

The research is to develop cost methodology to support railway managers for identifying principles, tools and methods of activity based management correctly and precisely, and can be useful and effective for managers for realizing their goals. The research result a ministry can be suitable guideline in terms of how to execute activity based management. Since in this research, main and secondary activities are studied completely in the Railway organization, it can be an explanatory research. The research population is headquarter managers and experts of railway organization and the sampling procedure is goal-oriented and judgmental. 74 people were selected by using a formula. All hypotheses were tested in 95% significance level. Meanwhile a proposed process of applying. activity based management was offered.

• School Mathematics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.665-683
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to improve forward mathematics study by analyzing the effects of the teaching and learning process applied situation-based mathematical problem posing activity on problem solving ability and mathematical attitudes. For this purpose, the research questions were established as follows: 1. How the situation-based mathematical problem posing activity(WQA activity) changes the problem solving ability of students? 2. How the situation-based mathematical problem posing activity(WQA activity) changes the mathematical attitudes of students? The results of the study were as follows: (1) There was significant difference between experimental group and comparative group in problem solving ability. This means that situation-based mathematical problem posing activity was generally more effective in improving problem solving ability than general classroom-based instruction. (2) There was not significant difference between experimental group and comparative group in mathematical attitudes. But the experimental group's average scores of mathematical attitudes except mathematical confidence was higher than comparative group's ones. And there was significant difference in the mathematical adaptability. The results obtained in this study suggest that the situation-based mathematical problem posing activity can be used to improve the students' problem solving ability and mathematical attitudes

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Stochastic resource-constrained project scheduling problem is an extension of resource-constrained project scheduling problem such that activity duration has stochastic nature. In real situation where activity duration is not known until the activity is finished, open-loop based static policies such as activity-based policy and priority-based policy will not well cope with duration variability. Then, a dynamic policy based on closed-loop decision making will be regarded as an alternative toward achievement of minimal makespan. In this study, a dynamic policy designed to select activities to start at each decision time point is illustrated. The performance of static and dynamic policies based on variable neighborhood search is evaluated under the discrete-event simulation environment. Experiments with J120 sets in PSPLIB and several probability distributions of activity duration show that the dynamic policy is superior to static policies. Even when the variability is high, the dynamic policy provides stable and good solutions.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.183-215
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a framework for sales activities necessary for the successful sales development in the sales process of value-based selling and to explore individual sales activities for successful value-based selling. When we understand value-based selling as a procedural progression in the sales process, integrate it into the sales activity framework, and segment your sales activities to identify the key activity elements for successful execution, the intrinsic effect of value-based selling can be achieved. Sales activities related to the success of value-based selling are reflected in the sales activity framework based on the sales process through literature studies and application cases in actual sales field, and detailed elements of individual sales activities for successful deployment are identified through case studies. Through literature research and sales practice in actual field, 13 sales activities are presented in the five-stage sales process, and 42 detailed sales activities for successful value-based selling through case studies are identified in an improved sales activity framework. Through this study, the sales activity framework provides a role in evaluating whether the sales function of value-based selling is being performed as a correct activity in the sales process, and whether sales opportunities with specific customers can continue value-based selling activities. The sales activity framework serves as a guide for successful value-based selling.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.669-689
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of the present study is to develop a clinical pathway applied with activity-based management methodology for efficient clinical management to cope with rapid changing medical environments. Method : After making a preliminary pathway based on which a conceptual frame of reference was established to develop a clinical pathway, the final one was confirmed by verifying experts validity and clinical validity. The ultimate activity-based clinical pathway was restructured after clarifying, schematizing and analyzing the whole activities of clinical pathway in accordance with the conducting process of activity-based management. Result : A clinical pathway for total hip replacement was developed, in which the vertical axis consisted of assessment, examination, consultation, medication, treatment, diet, activity, and education, and the horizontal axis was composed of six days of hospitalization. Then, on the basis of the development, the clinical pathway including the improved contents and information was restructured after making the reform measure by analyzing each of activities in the pathway. And the list of contents related to the clinical management activity was made, which was described its main contents and the pre-activities that ought to be completed before conducting each of activities in the pathway. Conclusion : The clinical pathway applied with activity-based management may be used as a standard guidance for providing continuous and consistent patient care. It will provide the information for nursing activities to nurses and the management information about hospital and nursing activities to the hospital administrators. It will also be used as a tool for communication between medical staff. Besides, it will contribute to creating profits for the hospital by shortening the length of stay in patients.