• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.373-378
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• 1990

Free malonaldehyde was determined in nine kinds of ginseng polyacetylene-treated micro- some by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activities of some phenolic compounds and ginseng saponin were also drtermined both by a new HVLC method and by THA method. A new HPLC system separaterl malonaldehyde at a retention time 5,6 min and showed a linear relationship between the peak are a and malonaldehyde concentration. Panaxnol showed the strongest activity among nine polyacetylenes and the addition of either chlorine or aletyl group reduced polyacetylene's own activity. Since C14-polyacetylenes such as panaxyne and panaxyne-epoxide had little or no antioxidant activities, S17-structure should be preserved to exert a radical-scvenging or trapping activity. The antioxidant activities of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and catechol were much weaker than those of C17-polyacetylenes. Ginseng saponin showed no antioxidant activity. Since TBA reactive substances and malonaldehyde contents were almost the same in peroxiedized microsome. TBA value seems a good indicator for lipid peroxidation in this particular Fe+3 ADP/NADPH system.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1999

The histochemical, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical investigations were conducted to find out the cellulase activity in the accessory glands of the digestive system of the oriental land snail Nesiohelix samarangae under the LM, SEM, and TEM. The cellulase activity was shown in the epithelium of th digestive gland by labelling with the immunogold (protein-A gold) particles. The epithelial cells showing the cellulase activity were Type 1 and Type 3 cells out of five types of the epithelial cells of the digestive gland. None of epithelial cells of the mucus gland and the salivary gland and the salivary gland were not labeled with the immunogold particles.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2006

The Sundarbans mangrove forest has a rich biodiversity of flowering plants and many of these have been used in traditional medicine although the flora remains comparatively uninvestigated scientifically. Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis and Excoecaria agallocha methanolic extract showed a central nervous system depressant activity on the hole cross and open field test at 800 mg/kg dose level. The most significant depressant activity was observed in Xylocarpus granatum followed by Xylocarpus moluccensis and Excoecaria agallocha. There was no depressant activity observed in the models for Sarcolobus globosus. Further studies are required to confirm the activity and to explain the mechanism.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 1993

This study was intended to clarify the protective mechanism of diallyl disulfide on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. It was observed that a powerfully increment of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic lipid peroxide content after carbon tetrachloride injection were markedly inhibited by the pretreatment of diallyl disulfide (20mg/kg) for 5 days. It was also observed that hepatic aminopyrine demethylase and xanthine ocidase as free radical generating enzymes as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as free frdical scavenging enzymes and hepatic glutathione content were not changed by the pretreatment with diallyl disulfide. But, treatment with diallyl disulfide did signifiantly increase cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity. However, glutathione S-transferase activity in the presence of diallyl disulfide was not affected in vitro. Therefore, it is concluded that mechanism for the observed preventive effect ofdiallyl disulfide against the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity can be due to the engancement of glutathione S-transferase activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

To elucidate new biological ingredients in cold-brew coffee extracted with cold water, crude polysaccharide (CCP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immune-stimulating activities were assayed. CCP-0 mainly comprised galactose (53.6%), mannose (15.7%), arabinose (11.9%), and uronic acid (12.4%), suggesting that it might exist as a mixture of galactomannan and arabinogalactan. CCP-0 significantly increased cell proliferation on both murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes in a dose dependent manner. CCP-0 also significantly augmented nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production by murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated by CCP-0 enhanced production of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. In an in vitro assay for intestinal immune-modulating activity, CCP-0 showed higher bone-marrow cell-proliferation activity through Peyer's patch cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$ than the negative control. These results suggest that CCP-0 may potentially enhance macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.753-756
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• 2004

Membranes prepared from Bacillus cereus KCTC 3674, grown aerobically on a complex medium, oxidized NADH exclusively, whereas deamino-NADH was little oxidized. The respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase exhibited an apparent $K_m$ value of approximately $65\;{\mu}m$ for NADH. The maximum activity of the NADH oxidase was obtained at about pH 8.5 in the presence of 0.1 M KCl (or NaCl). Respiratory chain inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) inhibited the activity of the NADH oxidase by about 90% at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}m$. Interestingly, rotenone and capsaicin inhibited the activity of the NADH oxidase by about 60% at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}m$ and the activity was also highly sensitive to $Ag^+$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 2001

The edible part of cucurbita moschata Duch, which is commonly used as a Korean traditional medicine as well as a popular food source, was studied to isolate anti-complementary substance. Extracts of Cucurbita moschata Duch showed significant anti-complementary activities on the classical pathway of the complement system. Especially, the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch had more activity than that of the complement system. Especially, the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch had more activity than that of the green one in terms of the overall anti-complementary activity. Among the extracts of various organic solvents of the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch, chloroform and ethyl-acetate extracts, which are non-polar solvent extracts, showed the strongest activities. These results suggest that the major difference in the solvent extraction for the anti-complementary substances depends on the change in the chemical composition such as the fatty acid with the degree of ripening.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.224-228
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• 1991

The effect of linoleate hydroperoxides(LAHPO) on pepsin activity was investigated. The activity of pepsin was largely decreased by LAHPO at various temperatures and pH. The inactivation of pepsin seems to be the radicals in the system because ascorbate and metal ions enhanced the inactivation of enzyme by LAHPO. It was shown by SDS-PAGE that LAHPO caused scission of the enzyme in the model system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 1999

The differentiation of emotions by means of psychophysiological measures has been only moderately successful so far. A major reason for this dilemma may be the lack of appropriate neurophysiological modeling for the various autonomic nervous system based measures being used in emotion research. The aim of the present article is to provide such a neurophysiological background for electrodermal activity which has been frequently used as an indicator of emotional processes. First, the literature is reviewd with respect to the usability of electrodermal measures as an indicators of emotion. second, the neurophysilogical sources of electrodermal phenomena in general are described. Electrodermal activity has different origins in the central nervous system, a limbic-hypothalamic source that dominates during negative emotions as opposed to a premotor and basal ganglia source being predominantly active during positive emotions. Panksepp's model of four basic emotive systems is adopted for demonstrating subcortical structures and pathways possibly involved in the elicitation of both kinds of electrodermal activity in comparison with cardiovascular in dicators of emotional processes.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2017

Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a clinical condition characterized by unresponsiveness and lack of palpable pulse in the presence of organized cardiac electrical activity and is caused by a profound cardiovascular insult (e.g., severe prolonged hypoxia or acidosis, extreme hypovolemia, or flow-restricting pulmonary embolus). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that is characterized by progressive degeneration of all levels of the motor nervous system. Damage to the respiratory system and weakness of the muscles may increase the likelihood of an emergency situation occurring in patients with ALS while under general anesthesia. We report a case of PEA during the induction of general anesthesia in a patient with ALS who presented for dental treatment and discuss the causes of PEA and necessary considerations for general anesthesia in patients with ALS.