• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1543-1561
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• 2020

Taxonomy of human brain activity is a complicated rather challenging procedure. Due to its multifaceted aspects, including experiment design, stimuli selection and presentation of images other than feature extraction and selection techniques, foster its challenging nature. Although, researchers have focused various methods to create taxonomy of human brain activity, however use of multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) for image recognition to catalog the human brain activities is scarce. Moreover, experiment design is a complex procedure and selection of image type, color and order is challenging too. Thus, this research bridge the gap by using MVPA to create taxonomy of human brain activity for different categories of images, both colored and gray scale. In this regard, experiment is conducted through EEG testing technique, with feature extraction, selection and classification approaches to collect data from prequalified criteria of 25 graduates of University Technology PETRONAS (UTP). These participants are shown both colored and gray scale images to record accuracy and reaction time. The results showed that colored images produces better end result in terms of accuracy and response time using wavelet transform, t-test and support vector machine. This research resulted that MVPA is a better approach for the analysis of EEG data as more useful information can be extracted from the brain using colored images. This research discusses a detail behavior of human brain based on the color and gray scale images for the specific and unique task. This research contributes to further improve the decoding of human brain with increased accuracy. Besides, such experiment settings can be implemented and contribute to other areas of medical, military, business, lie detection and many others.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the factor that might affect mandibualr body rotation. For the study, 115 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 35 dental students without angy signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were randomly selected as the patient group and the contreol group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle' classification, lateral guidance pattern, and affected side were clinically recorded, and the amount of Mandibular body rotational torque movement was measured in wide opening and closure, in right and left excursion with vertical and lateral distance in frontal plane, right and left rotational angel in horizontal and in frontal plane. Masticatory muscle activity of anteriorocclusal contact pattern on maximal hard biting were also observed synchronously with BioEMG and T-Scan , respectively. The observed items were muscle activity of anterior temporalis and superficial masseter, and tooth contact status related to contact number, force, duration, and occlusal unbalance between right and left arch. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean value of vertical distance in frontal plane in wide opening and closure was more in control subjects than in patients, but there was no difference for rotational angle. In right excursion, rotational angles were greater in patient group than in control group. 2. Comparison among the subjects by preferred chewing side did not reveal any significant difference, but comparison among patients by affected side showed more rotational amount in bilaterally affected patients than in unilaterally affected patients. 3. Comparison among the subjects by Angle's classification or lateral guidance pattern revealed no difference. There was also no difference between preferred chewing side and contralateral side, and between affected side and contralateral side. 4. Positive correlation in madibular rotational torque movements were observed among vertical distance, total horizontal rotation angle, electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis, tooth contact number, and tooth contact force but total frontal rotation angle almost did not show any correlation with other variables except vertical distance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1371-1384
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• 2015

This study analyzes the characteristics of Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and large-scale environments according to the Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern in summer. In the positive WP phase, an anomalous cyclone and an anomalous anticyclone develop in the low and middle latitudes of the East Asia, respectively. As a result, southeasterlies are reinforced in the northeast area of the East Asia including Korea and Japan which facilitates the movement of TC to this area, whereas northwesterlies are reinforced in the southwest area of the East Asia including South China and Indochina Peninsula which blocks the movement of TC to this area. Due to the spatial distribution of this reinforced pressure system, TCs develop, move, and turn more to the northeast of WNP than those in the negative WP phase. Consequently, the characteristics of this TC activity in the positive WP phase are associated with the location of upper tropospheric jet further to the northeast. Meanwhile, TCs in the negative WP phase mainly move to the west from Philippines toward south China and Indochina Peninsula. Furthermore, due to the terrain effect caused by the high passage frequency of TCs in the mainland China, the intensity of TCs are weaker than those in the positive WP phase.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of biomechanical variables on gait according to indoor and outdoor environmental conditions in elderly women at risk of falling. Method: 26 elderly women aged 70 years or older, and consisted of 13 elderly people with a walking speed of less 1.0 m/s and 13 people in the fall risk group as normal groups. Depending on the purpose of the study, physical examination and psychological questionnaire were prepared, and then walking was performed in an indoor/outdoor environment, and the gait pattern, muscle activity, and plantar pressure results were compared and analyzed in the elderly females through a 2 group × 2 environment 2-way repeted ANOVA analysis. Results: The gait variable showed an interaction effect the cadence. The muscle variables showed interaction effects in the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles, and the interaction effects of the plantar pressure variables were confirmed in the forefoot and midfoot of the contact area, and the midfoot of the mean pressure. Conclusion: These results indicate that both groups are exposed to falls risk when gait in an outdoor environment, but the fall risk group has a higher risk of falls in both the gait pattern, muscle activity, and plantar pressure variables. The results of this study are considered to be helpful as basic data and development of exercise programs to prevent falls.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen rate and maturity on the yield, quality, nitrogen compound, protein pattern, and nitrate reductase activity. The results were as follow. As the nitrogen rate increased, the degree of red color of cured leaf increased. According to the time of harvesting at their leaf position, the price of the lugs is lowest in immature stage compared with mature and over mature stage but the upper leaves were lower than mature and immature stage in price. Yield are equal in immature stage and mature stage but over mature stage is lower than mature and immture stage. There was no different protein pattern and nitrate reductase activity in nitrogen rate and mature stage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.140-148
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• 2001

The purpose of this thesis is to provide basic information of efficient flow line arrangement, which results from examining the factors of route choice with a focus on the store' space elements and pedestrian activity patterns in the outlets. The route tracking is applied to grasp pedestrian activity patterns, therefore, a concrete analysis into influential factors of the space structure arrangement and forms on route choice. The route tracking is a means to understand pedestrian activity patterns by establishing an unrecognizable space and examining every route in the investigating area for pedestrian activity pattern research. Three sample stores have different systems in the ground plan structures, the escalator location and the directions. The analysis focuses on the booth arrangement and shopping patterns. In conclusion, route choice of the customers and the structure of the space are quite closely related and affect the quality of shopping. This can suggest evidence for the need of the space structure to meet the pedestrian activity patterns.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.6 no.3_4
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• pp.123-132
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• 1991

Acute poisoning with organic solvents and other volatile compounds now usually follows deliberate inhalation (volatile substance abuse) or ingestion of these compounds. The effect of butane gas inhalation was analyzed for serum, liver, brain, lung and muscle. And the observations are revealed on rat cholinesterase activity, lactatedehydrogenase activity and electrophoretic pattern of lactatedehydrogenase isozyme. The results are as follows: 1. The rat cholinesterase activity on serum, liver and muscle show the decreased by increasing of inhalation time of butane gas in particular the lung cholinesterase activity was greatly affected. 2. Butane gas inhalation brought out the lactatedehydrogenase activity increased of the serum and the tissues and had an important effect especially in both the liver and muscle 1actatedehydrogenase activities. 3. Each tissue was found to have a characteristic distribution of lactatedehy-drogenase isozymes on celluloseacetate electrophoresis and the development of inhalation time is shown the disappearance and diffusion of band. The toxicity of butane gas inhalation was most prominence in the liver and lung toxicity was occurred also.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate change of muscle activities during level walking, stairs and ramp climbing in old adults. Methods: Twelve old adults were recruited and agreed this study. Muscle activity was measured by MP150 system (BIOPAC System Inc., Santa Barbara, USA). Statistical analysis was used one-way ANOVA to know the difference according to gait conditions (level walking, stairs and ramp ascending) Results: In stance phase, muscle activities of low extremities with old adults were generally significant difference in ramp ascending. In swing phase, rectus femoris and biceps femoris activity in old adults generally more increased during stairs ascending and tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius activity in old adults generally increased during ramp ascending. Conclusion: These results indicate that stair and ramp climbing is different muscle recruit pattern to level walking.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 1999

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) in rabbit plasma was found to block completely phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity without affecting the alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity. Our results provided that (1) PTPase activity and inhibitor are separated after G-25 gel-filtration. (2) This inhibitor is heat stable and trypsin-resistant and it can be removed by dialysis using 3 Kd cut-off tubing. (3) The elution pattern of the inhibitor is identical to that of Pi, and by performing a seperate run with inorganic phosphate. (4) The PTPase activity was recovered following an incubation with $CaCl_2$ (10 mM).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 1988

This experiment was carried to investigate the germination pattern in relation to temperatures and lights, and the emergence pattern in relation to seeding depths, lights and the alpha amylase activity of Youngia sonchifolia, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Ixeris dentata var. albiflora and Ixeris polycephala. In Y. sonchifolia, the optimum germination temperature was $25^{\circ}C$, the optimum seeding depth to emerge was 0 mm and it could emerge in 0-5mm. In L. indica var. laciniata under cool storage, the optimum germination temperatures were $19^{\circ}C-28^{\circ}C$, the optimum seeding depth was 5mm and it could emerge in 0-20mm. In L. indica var. laciniata under room storage, the optimum germination temperature was $25^{\circ}C$ the optimum seeding depth was 5mm and it could emerge in 0-10mm. In I. dentata emerge was and 0mm and it could emerge in 0-5mm. In I. polycephla, the optimum temperatures were $16^{\circ}C-19^{\circ}C$, the optimum seeding depth to emerge was 0mm and it could emerge in 0-5mm. The alpha amylase activity was lower Y. sonchifolia, L. indica var. laciniata and I. dentata var. abiflora than barley cultivar Dongbor#1. And the increased pattern of alpha amylase activity was likely to it of germination rate.