• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1989

In order to determine the specific active oxygen species directly related to chlorophyll bleaching in the leaf-burning disease, we investigated the effects of singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radical (O2-), and hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) on isolated chloroplast suspension and leaf discs from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. When the singlet oxygen was added to the chloroplast suspension, the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were decreased by more than 809), similar to treatment with high light intensity (100 KLux). We assumed that the conversion of dioxygen (O2) produced either in photolysis or in breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to singlet oxygen resulted from photorespiration. On the basis of these experiments , :he inhibitory effects of active oxygen scavengers propylgallic acid (PGA), 2,5-ditetrabutyl hydroquinon (DBH), sodium pyrosulfate (SPS), and ascorbic acid (ABS) were examined. In chloroplast suspension all four scavengers inhibited chlorophyll bleaching by more than 75fl , and in the leaf discs the inhibition rates of SPS, PGA and ABS were 46%, 51%, and 96% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 1987

The present paper was carried out to investigate the effects of active oxygen radicals on the DNA damage by linoleic acid peroxidation by using active oxygen scavengers in a linoleic acid-DNA system. DNA was greatly damaged by linoleic acid peroxidation, and the DNA damage was inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers. Among active oxygen scavengers tested, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and superoxide dismutase greatly inhibited the DNA damage, but catalase and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane didn't show such effects. Accordingly, singlet oxygen and superoxide anion greatly affected to the DNA damage occurring during linoleic acid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide was shown to participate in DNA damage in the early stage of peroxidation. And, the DNA damage by active oxygen radicals was mainly induced in the early stage of linoleic acid peroxidation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.419-430
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• 1987

The damage of plasmid DNA by lipid peroxidation and its inhibition were investigated through the model system of DNA and linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$. The degree of DNA damage increased in proportion to the increase of concentration and peroxidation of linoleic acid. DNA damage induced from linoleic acid peroxidation was greatly inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers, especially, singlet of oxygen scavenge$(\alpha-tocopherol,\;cysteine)$ and superoxide anion scavenger(superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid) in reaction system. These active oxygens, such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation (POV below 100 mg/kg) and also scanvenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Hydroperoxide isolated from autoxidised linoleic acid showed DNA damage. Hydroperoxide induced-DNA damage was not inhibited by active oxygen scavengers. Lipid oxidation products, malonaldehyde and hexanal, also influenced on the DNA damage. Accordingly, it is speculated that DNA damage by lipid oxidation products is due to active oxygens such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion formed in the early stage of peroxidation, direct action of hydroperoxide and formation of low molecular carbonyl compound-DNA complex. Furthermore, DNA damage induced by lipid peroxidation was remarkably inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers and natural antioxidative fractions extracted from garlic and ginger. These antioxidative fractions also suppressed the generation of active orygens and linoleic acid oxidation. It is assumed that the inhibition of DNA damage by garlic and ginger extracts is due to the scavenging effect of active oxygens and the inhibition of hydroperoxide and oxidation products formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.565-570
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• 1990

The role of the active oxygens on plasmid DNA damage by carbonyl compounds derived from Maillard reaction was investigated. Plasmid DNA extracted from E. coli Hb1O1 was reacted with carbonyl compounds, such as glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, dihydroxyacetone, diacetyl, glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde and furfural with and without the active oxygen scavengers at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours, and then the degree of damage was determined by using 1 ％ agarose gel electro-phoresis. All of the carbonyl compounds except furfural caused to damage of DNA. Among these, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and dihydroxyacetone markedly induced the damage of DNA. On the other hand, the DNA damage by the carbonyl compounds was greatly inhibited by catalase, superoxide dismutase and $\alpha$-tocopherol it is considered that the damage of DNA is due to active oxygens, such as singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion generated during the autoxidation of carbonyl compounds.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1995

The focus of this study was to investigate the influences of enzymatic scavengers of active oxygen metabolites and phospholipase $A_2$ inhibitor on hepatic secretory and microsomal function during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Rats were pretreated with free radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, deferoxamine and phospholipase $A_2$ inhibitor such as quinacrine and then subjected to 60 min. no-flow hepatic ischemia in vivo. After 1, 5 hr of reperfusion, bile was collected, blood was obtained from the abdominal aorta, and liver microsomes were isolated. Serum aminotransferase (ALT) level was increased at 1 hr and peaked at 5 hr. The increase in ALT was significantly attenuated by SOD plus catalase, deferoxamine and quinacrine especially at 5 hr of reperfusion. The wet weight-to-dry weight ratio of the liver was significantly increased by ischemia/reperfusion. SOD and catalase treatment minimized the increase in this ratio. Hepatic lipid peroxidiltion was elevated by ischemia/reperfusion, and this elevation was inhibited by free radical scavengers and quina crine. Bile flow and cholate output, but not bilirubin output, were markedly decreased by ischemia/reperfusion and quinacrine restored the secretion. Cytochrome $P_{450}$ content was decreased by ischemia/reperfusion and restored by free radical scavengers and quinacrine to the level of that of the sham operated group. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was decreased and aniline p-hydroxylase was increased by ischemia/reperfusion. The changes in the activities of the two enzymes were prevented by free radical scavengers and quinacrine. Our findings suggest that ischemia/reperfusion diminishes hepatic secretory functions as well as microsomal drug metabolizing systems by increasing lipid peroxidation, and in addition to free radicals, other factors such as phospholipase $A_2$ are involved in pathogenes of hepatic dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2024

The addition of oxygen scavengers to food products helps to reduce oxygen exposure, thereby mitigating deterioration, including changes in taste, odor, and color, as well as inhibiting microbial growth. Despite the advantages of the existing non-metallic oxygen removal materials in terms of safety for the human body and suitability for use in microwave ovens, their utilization has been limited due to their slow reaction initiation speed. Therefore, in the current study, sodium metabisulfite was impregnated into various porous media, including halloysite nanoclay, activated carbon, montmorillonite, and silica gel. The oxygen scavenger, produced by impregnating silica gel with sodium metabisulfite, demonstrated a 425% improvement in the initial oxygen removal rate compared to pure sodium metabisulfite. Additionally, sachets containing an oxygen-removing composition with an enhanced oxygen removal rate effectively decreased the oxygen concentration to less than 0.5% on the third day of storage in apple packaging, without elevating carbon dioxide levels. Moreover, it proved effective in preventing the browning of the apple surface. Therefore, the SM/SG oxygen-removal composition can be effectively applied to active food packaging by controlling the oxygen concentration within the packaging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 2019

This paper presents a literature review on the active technologies to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in Kimchi packaging. In this study, laser-etched pouches and $O_2$ scavengers were used for Kimchi packaging, and the efficiency of each packaging technique to regulate the $CO_2$ and $O_2$ levels inside Kimchi packages was investigated. When Kimchi was packaged with a laser-etched pouch, the $CO_2$ concentration in the sample with a high gas transmission rate was less than that in other pouches (p<0.05), and a low $CO_2$ level had little effect on the expansion of the package volume. Kimchi treated with an $O_2$ absorber exhibited a significantly lower (p<0.05) $O_2$ concentration inside the packages relative to the control. A low $O_2$ concentration inside the Kimchi package effectively inhibited the growth of total aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, as well as yeasts and molds on Kimchi. These results suggest that $O_2$ absorbers have a positive effect on the microbial quality of Kimchi. Therefore, packaging in a laser-etched pouch and the use of an $O_2$ scavenger could provide a novel packaging material for regulating the $CO_2$ and $O_2$ levels during Kimchi packaging.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1998

Ethane was measured to know whether active oxyzens may induce phytoxicity in stressedcucumber plant.The time course of the increase in ethane evolution was the same as that of the increase of visible injury in all treatments except $SO_2$ treatment.This result showed that air pollutants-induced plant damages were closely related to ethane evolution.And evolution of ethane was more increased in combined stress than singly one,suggesting that phytotoxicity was more severe in complex sterss.Also, evolution of ethane was enhanced in the light condition and scavengers of active oxygen were inhibited,showing that plant damage that plant damage were cause by active oxygens.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.964-972
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• 2011

This work investigated the difference between $Fe^{2+}$ autoxidation-induced and Fenton-type cleavage of pBR322 plasmid DNA. $^{\cdot}OH$ generation reactions in the absence and presence of $H_2O_2$ under various conditions were also investigated. Although both the $Fe^{2+}$ autoxidation and Fenton-type reactions showed DNA cleavage and $^{\cdot}OH$ generation, there were significant differences in their efficiencies and reaction rates. The rate and efficiency of the cleavage reaction were higher in the absence of 1.0 mM of $H_2O_2$ than in its presence in 20 mM phosphate buffer. In contrast, the $^{\cdot}OH$ generation reaction was more prominent in the presence of $H_2O_2$ and showed a pH-independent, fast initial reaction rate, but the rate was decreased in the absence of $H_2O_2$ at across the entire tested pH range. Studies using radical scavengers on DNA cleavage and $^{\cdot}OH$ generation reactions in both the absence and presence of $H_2O_2$ confirmed that both reactions spontaneously involved the active oxygen species $^{\cdot}OH$, ${O_2}^{\cdot-}$, $^1O_2$ and $H_2O_2$, indicating that a similar process may participate in both reactions. Based on the above observations, a new mechanism for the $Fe^{2+}$ autoxidation-induced DNA cleavage reaction is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.435-440
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• 1989

The present study was attempted to investigate the mutagenicities of carbonyl compounds(methyl glyoxal, glyoxal, diacetyl, dihydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde and furfural) derived from Maillard reaction toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 100(base-substitution mutant) without metabolic activation . And for further Investigation of mutagenicity mechanism including desmutagenicity, active oxygen scavengers (cysteine, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, catalase, ascorbic acid) and reducing agents (glutathione, sodium bisulfite) were also used. Among carbonyl compounds tested, methyl glyoxal, glyoxal, dihydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde exhibited mutagenicities, and methyl glyoxal showed the strongest mutagenic activity. On the other hand , the mutagenicities of carbonyl compounds were significantly suppressed by cysteine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, glutathione and sodium bisulfite. Also, these active oxygen scavengers and reducing agents alone did not show mutagenicity in the present study.