• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.36-44
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• 1998

To develope cost-effective new granular formulation of mixture with 7.0% chlomethoxyfen and 3.5% butachlor, this study was conducted by investigation of floatability, dispersibility or collapsability and released concentration of active ingredients in water and bio-efficacies of the granules formulated by different formulation methods compared to commercial pellet-extruded granules. They were formulated by coating on or impregnation into extruded pellets, sands and zeolites with two active ingredients, binders, friction reducer, dispersing agents and bentonite. Pellet-coated method showed similar floatability, collapsability and bio-efficacy to the commercial pellet-extruded one or better than that but unstable patterns of released concentration of chlomethoxyfen because of easy isolation of coated technical particles from the surface of granules. Sand-coated methods showed similar physical properties, released pattern of two active ingredients, and bio-efficacy to the commercial one. Liquid binders and/or dispersing agents are more important than powdered ones to control released concentration of active ingredients from the granule mixtures, to improve the floatability and dispersibility, and to show good bio-efficacy. Sand-coated one might be a suitable method if types and amount of liquid binders and dispersing agents are selected.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.479-486
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• 2003

In this study, poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with water-insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A (Retinol) and vitamin E acetate were prepared by the emulsification diffusion method. Polymer solution was prepared by the two water-miscible organic solvent, such as ethanol and acetone. Because of its biocompatible property, polyethyleneglycol-polypropyleneglycol diblock copolymer was used as surfactant and stabilizer. The influence of some preparative variables on the nanoparticle formation and on the loading efficiency of active agents, such as the type and concentration of stabilizing agent, the stirring methods, the water/oil phase ratio and the polymer concentration were investigated in order to control and optimize the process. After preparation of nanoparticles loaded with active agent, particle size and distribution were evaluated by the light scattering particle analyzer. The loading efficiency of active agents was evaluated by the UV-visible spectroscopy. As the results, particle size were 50-200 nm and dispersibility was monodisperse. The optimum loading efficiency of active agents was observed 50-60%. It was found that the appropriate of selections of binary solvent mixtures and polymeric concentrations in both organic and aqueous phases could provide good yield and favorable physical properties of PLGA nanoparticles.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.778-787
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• 1999

이제까지 대부분의 다중 에이전트 시스템에서는 에이전트 사회에 속한 모든 응용 에이전트를 작업 요청에 관계없이 처음부터 구동시킨다고 가정하였다. 이러한 에이전트 정적 구동 방법은 에이전트 관리를 단순하게 해주는 이점을 제공하지만 워크플로우 관리나 전자상거래와 같이 매우 많은 수의 에이전트로 구성되는 응용 분야에서는 시스템 과부하와 자원의 낭비 등 많은 문제점을 초래한다. 동적 에이전트 관리는 이에 대한 해결책으로 아주 많은 수의 에이전트를 포함하는 다중 에이전트 시스템에서 현재 수행중인 작업에 관련된 에이전트만을 선별하여 구동시키고, 작업이 끝난 에이전트는 종료시킴으로써 자원의 낭비를 막고 에이전트간의 상호작용 시에 요구되는 에이전트 통신의 복잡도 부담을 감소시키는 효과를 낸다. 본 논문에서는 자바로 에이전트 관리 시스템을 구현하고, 이 관리 시스템을 통해 각기 다른 언어로 개발된 응용 에이전트가 분산된 환경에서 상호 협력을 통해 작업을 수행할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 사용자나 다른 에이전트의 요청으로 에이전트를 동적으로 수행시키기 위해 다른 언어로의 확장을 가능하게 하는 Java Native Interface(JNI)를 사용한 기술 및 이러한 이질적인 에이전트간의 원활한 통신을 위해서 KQML 언어 인터페이스를 통한 통신 기능을 제안한다. 이질적 에이전트의 동적 관리를 가능하게 함으로써 다중 에이전트 시스템의 자원 이용 효율성과 확장성을 높이고 다양한 환경 변화에 대한 적응성과 개선된 협동능력을 제공한다.Abstract It has been assumed that all application agents in a multi-agent system are pre-invoked and remain active regardless of whether they are actually used. Although this kind of static agent invocation simplifies the management of agents, it causes several problems such as the system overload and a waste of resources, especially in the areas of the workflow management and the electronic commerce that consist of tens and even hundreds of application agents. A solution for these problems is the scheme of dynamic agent management that selectively invokes only agents that are actually requested and terminates them when they are no longer needed. This method prevents a waste of system resources and alleviates the complexity of agent communications.This paper proposes an agent management system implemented in Java that supports interactions between application agents that are developed using different languages. Dynamic agent invocation is accomplished by Java Native Interface(JNI) that links two heterogeneous methods, and by KQML language interface that facilitates the communications between heterogeneous agents. This scheme of dynamic agent management provides efficient resource usage, easy extensibility, dynamic adaptibility to changes in the environment, and improved cooperation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.683-691
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• 1993

All the activities and physical properties including surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying power, dispersion effect, wettability and solubilization of sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ${\alpha}$-sulfo alkanoates aqueous solution were measured and critical micelle concentration was evaluated. Their cmc ebaluated by the surface tension method was $10^{-4}{\sim}10^{-5}mol/{\ell}$, and surface tension of the aqueous solution was decreased to 30~70dyne/cm. The experimental results for foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying power in benzene or soybean oil, dispersion effect in calcium carbonate, wettability and solubilization showed a good and efficient surface active properties, and then it would be expected that these products could be applied as O/W type emulsifier, dispersion agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2003

Pharmacokinetics of eupatilin (an active components of $Stillen^{\circledR}$, a new antigastritic agent) were investigated after both intravenous and oral administration at a dose of 30mg/kg to rats. After intravenous administration, the plasma concentrations of unchanged eupatilin declined rapidly with a mean terminal half-life of 0.101 h. Eupatilin was eliminated fast in rats; the total body clearance was 121 mL/min/kg. Eupatilin was mainly metabolized in rats; the percentage of intravenous dose of eupatilin excreted in 24 h urine and feces as unchanged eupatilin was only 2.5 and 0.919％, respectively. Eupatilin was mainly metabolized to form its glucuronide conjugate; after intravenous administration, 15.9 and 51.7％ of intravenous dose was excreted in 24 h urine and feces, respectively, as eupatilin plus its glucuronide. After oral administration, the absolute bioavailability was only 3.86％ based on $AUC_{0-24h}$ of eupatilin plus its glucuronide. Approximately 68.5％ of oral dose was not absorbed from the entire gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it could be concluded that the superior effect of eupatilin in experimental animal models of gastric ulcer and inflammatory bowel disease after oral administration could be due to the local action of eupatilin. Further pharmacokinetic studies to elucidate the local action of eupatilin are required.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.7B
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• pp.619-631
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• 2006

With the advent of ubiquitous computing environments, it has become increasingly important for applications to take full advantage of context information, such as the user's location, to offer greater services to the user without any explicit request. In this paper, we propose context-aware active services on the basis of CAMUS (Context-Aware Middleware for URC Systems). CAMUS is a middleware for providing context-aware applications with development and execution methodology. Accordingly, the applications developed by CAMUS respond in a timely fashion to contexts. To evaluate, we apply proposed active services to TV application domain. Therefore, we implement and experiment the TV contents recommendation service agent, control service agent and TV task based on CAMUS. The context-aware TV task is to recommend programs and control of TV according to user preference, location and voice commands.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.67-89
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• 2016

An ADR arbitration system has a necessary value in the sports industry for settlement of disputes. Sports disputes should be resolved independently by enacting internal regulations within the basic principles of national law rather than treated as a civil action. If the dispute is not fair and transparent, it may cause distrust. Because an arbitration system has values such as speed, flexibility of economic decisions, professionalism of arbitrator and confidentiality of arbitration-related information, the efficiency of the arbitration system for conflict resolution has emerged recently. We have to assign sports experts to reactivate sports arbitration commission committees which existed from 2006 to 2009 in Korea. Many countries, such as the UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Germany, and Japan, which attain advancement of sports and the International Court of Arbitration establish and run their own sports arbitration agencies. However, Korea disbanded its sports arbitration commission committee for political and economic reasons. In 2012, after their disbanding, athlete Kim Yeon-kyoung came into conflict with Heungkuk Life over terms of free agent acquisition and international transfer certification. Finally they were able to settle those political conflicts. However if there had been related laws in Korea, they could have resolved those problems easily without international disputes. Practically, it would have been almost impossible for Kim Yeon-kyoung to win the dispute. But her problem became an issue after the London Olympics, so she could win. Although it is well for her to take an active role on the international stage, it left much to be desired on account of the intervention of political circles in order to resolve the conflict. If the sports arbitration commission committee in Korea had still been active, it could have come to a peaceful settlement domestically. Therefore we have to reestablish a Korean sports arbitration committee centered around experts of sports law.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2020

Plants produce a wide range of active principles, making them a rich source of different types of medicines. Without any knowledge of the phytoconstituents or active principles the medicinal plants itself or in the form of polyherbal formulations, were used by all society of human being from ancient times for prevention and cure of disease, but most of the traditional formulations including the formulation of Ayurveda and Unani have not been scientifically validated in order to establish the pharmacopoeial standards to improve the efficacy. Globally, the people become conscious that uses of synthetic drugs for a long period is not safe; the trend of medical society at large is looking at alternatives from natural, safe sources to combat diseases. Due to this comprehension, it has been increased the demand for plant-derived medicine, and on the other side, it is extremely important to standardize the polyherbal formulations and validate them scientifically to improve their safety and efficacy. The polyherbal Unani formulation Safuf-e-Muallif is widely used and recommended in Unani system of medicine (USM) as a spermatogenic agent, semen thickening agent, etc. to treat sexual disorders viz. premature ejaculation, nocturnal emission, etc. The study mainly deals with phytochemical screening for the detection of nature of phytoconstituents and analytical technique like High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for developing fingerprint of Safuf-e-Muallif revealing specific identities of the drug. The phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprint profile for SM reported here may be used as a reference standard for quality control purpose in future.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

Background: Traditional plant drugs, are less toxic and free from side effects compared to general synthetic drugs. They have been used for the treatment of diabetes and associated renal damage. In this study, we evaluated effect of Hachimi-jio-gan against diabetic renal damage in a rat model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy induced by subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and db/db mice as a model of human type 2 diabetes, and its associated complications. To explore the active components of Hachimi-jio-gan, the antidiabetic effect of corni fructus, a consituent of Hachimi-jio-gan, and 7-O-galloyl-${{\small}D}$-sedoheptulose, a phenolic compound isolated from corni fructus, were investigated. Methods and Results: We conducted an extensive literature search, and all required data were collected and systematically organized. The findings were reviewed and categorized based on relevance to the topic. A summary of all the therapeutic effects were reported as figures and tables. Conclusions: Hachimi-jio-gan serves as a potential therapeutic agent to against the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. From the results of characterization active components of corni fructus, 7-O-galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is considered to play an important role in preventing and/or delaying the onset of diabetic renal damage. 7-O-Galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is expected to serve as a novel therapeutic agent against the development of diabetic nephropathy.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.189-215
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• 2012

This paper reads Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) in light of the 18th-century understanding of 'sympathy' including those of Hume and Smith and also in light of what Michael Hardt in our century has called "affective labor." I argue that the imaginative capacity and "seeing" are crucial in understanding Smith's idea of 'sympathy.' By showing how the monster's ugliness precludes any human character from sympathizing with him, Mary Shelley exposes that Smith's idea of sympathy fails to maintain social harmony. Mary Shelley revises Smith's 'sympathy' and makes it more radical by suggesting that the active affective labor could bridge the epistemological distance lying between the agent concerned and the impartial spectator. I first read Smith's idea of sympathy as an imaginative capacity which is inevitably influenced by 'seeing' and visual perception. Then I analyze the scenes in which the creature in Frankenstein fails to acquire any human sympathy due to his ugliness, and show how the specular nature of 'sympathy' is disrupted when one party is visually ugly and deformed. I conclude that affective labor and active moral reflection on the part of the spectator need to be provided when the agent concerned is 'ugly' and thus challenges our habitual epistemological boundary. Shelley's re-evaluation of Smith's sympathy, thus, suggests that affective labor may not be something that women alone have to perform, but an ethical practice that concerns all human beings and that can transform the otherwise flawed human capacity for sympathy.