• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 1997

In this paper, we analyzed the contraction patterns of active elbow muscles during isometric, concentric and eccentric contraction. The analysis parameters consist of frequency domain parameters (mean frequency, median frequency, peak frequency, peak power, skewness, kurtosis) and time domain paraseters (zero crossing, positive maxima, integrated EMG). The results of this study were as follows; The BR/BB of isometric contraction appeared to be Venter as the elbow joint was more extended. The BR /BB during concentric and eccentric contraction tended to increase with more extension of the elbow joint angle, but there was no significant difference between concentric and eccentric contraction. Further, the EMG power spectrum due to the type of contraction were different betwen eccentric and concentric contraction. According to the results, it was found that the activation pattern in elbow flexor muscles was different during three different muscle contraction pattern. Therefore, elbow flexor muscles should not be considered a single functioning unit. Especially, at the time domain analysis, IEMG is a dominant parameter for analysis of activation patterns, and the skewness kurtosis can be useful parameters in functional recognition for prosthesis control purpose.

• Carbon letters
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2008

This study aims to find a correlation between XRD and Raman result of the activated carbon fibers as a function of its activation degrees. La of the isotropic carbon fiber prepared by oxidation in carbon dioxide gas have been observed using laser Raman spectroscopy. The basic structural parameters of the fibers were evaluated by XRD as well, and compared with Raman result. The La of the carbon fibers were measured to be 25.5 ${\AA}$ from Raman analysis and 23.6 ${\AA}$ from XRD analysis. La of the ACFs were 23.6 ${\AA}$ and 20.4 ${\AA}$, respectively, representing less ordered through activation process. It seems that the $I_D/I_G$ of Raman spectra were related to crystallite size(La). Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated its unique ability to detect structural changes during the activation of the fibers. There was good correlation between the La value obtained from Raman and XRD.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 1999

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an integral membrane protein with six transmembrane domains, which is essential for EBV-induced B cell transformation. LMP1 functions as a constitutively active tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) like membrane receptor, whose signaling requires recruitment of TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs) and leads to NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation by LMP1 is critical for B cell transformation and has been linked to many phenotypic changes associated with EBV-induced B cell transformation. Deletion analysis has identified two NF-${\kappa}B$ activation regions in the carboxy terminal cytoplasmic domains of LMP1, termed CTAR1 (residues 194-232) and CTAR2 (351-386). The membrane proximal C-terminal domain was precisely mapped to a PXQXT motif (residues 204-208) involved in TRAF binding as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. In this study, we dissected the CTAR2 region, which is the major NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling effector of LMP1, to determine a minimal functional sequence. A series of LMP1 mutant constructs systematically deleted for the CTAR2 region were prepared, and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation activity of these mutants were assessed by transiently expressing them in 293 cells and Jurkat T cells. The NF-${\kappa}B$ activation domain of CTAR2 appears to reside in a stretch of 6 amino acids (residues 379-384) at the end of the carboxy terminus.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.343-350
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• 1999

본 논문은 한글에서 나타나는 Word Speriority Effect의 특성을 설명해 주는 한글의 글자 인지모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 영어에서 나타나는 Word Superiority Effect를 설명하기 위해서 제안된 Interactive Activation Model을 기초로 한다. 우선은 영어에 맞도록 설계된 Interactive Activation Model을 한글에 적용할 수 있도록 수정하는 방법에 대해서 알아본다. 다음으로 한글에서 나타난 Word Superiority Effect의 특징과 그러한 특징을 기존의 Interactive Activation Model에 반영하기 위한 방법에 대해 알아본다. 제안된 방법을 이용해서 수정된 Interactive Activation Model을 컴퓨터로 구현해서 모의실험한 결과를 분석함으로써 제안된 모델의 타당성을 검증하게 된다.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2004

Statistical design of experiments was successfully employed to investigate the effect of alternating magnetic field on activation of polycrystalline Si (p-Si) doped as n-type using $\textrm{PH}_3$, by full factorial design of three factors with two levels. In this design, the input variables are graphite size, alternating current, and activation time. The output parameter, sheet resistance, is analyzed in terms of the primary effects and multi-factor interactions. Notably, the three-factor interaction is calculated to be a dominant interaction. The interaction between graphite size and activation time and the main effect of current are important effects compared to the other variables and relevant interactions. Alternating magnetic flux activation is proved a significantly beneficial processing technique.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2003

To evaluate the radiation degradation of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), radiation effects on EPR were investigated by using dielectric analysis and thermal-gravimetric analysis. Permittivity, loss factor, tan$\delta$, and thermal decomposition temperature were observed for ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated EPR. As the radiation dose was increased, the peak temperature of the loss factor and tans of EPR were increased and loss factor and tan$\delta$ at peak temperature were decreased. Activation energies were calculated using loss factor and thermal decomposition for ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated EPR as well. The trends of both calculated activation energies showed the same tendencies as radiation dose was increased.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of global scaling analysis on brain activation for sensory and motor functional MR imaging study. Materials and methods : Four normal subjects without abnormal neurological history were included. Arm extension-flexion movement was used for motor function and 1KHz pure tone stimulation was used for auditory function. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3T MRI (GE, Milwaukee, USA) using BOLD-EPI technique and SPM2 was employed for data analysis. On data analysis, the brain activation images were obtained with and without global scaling by fixing other parameters such as motion correction and realignment. Results : The difference in brain activation between no scaling and global scaling was not large in case of right upper extremity movement (p<0.000001). For auditory test, brain activation with global scaling showed larger activation than that of without global scaling (p<0.05). Conclusion : A caution must be taken into account when analyzing functional imaging data with global scaling especially for functional study of small local BOLD signal change.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of electromyographic (EMG)-Biofeedback using closed kinetic chain exercise (EB-CKCE) on quadriceps angle (Q-angle) and quadriceps muscle activation and muscle activation ratio in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome and to provide fundamental information on rehabilitation exercise in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: Thirty participants who met the criteria were included. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: control group (Group I, n=10), semi-squat exercise group (Group II, n=10), and EMG-Biofeedback using closed kinetic chain exercise group (Group III, n=10). Intervention was provided to each group for eight weeks (three times per week; 30 minutes per day). Subjects were measured on Q-angle and quadriceps muscle activation. Results: Significant difference in Q-angle and quadriceps muscle activation was observed in groups II and III compared with control group I (p<0.01). Results of post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference in Q-angle and quadriceps muscle activation in on group III compared with groups I and II. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-Biofeedback that provides real-time biofeedback information on muscle contraction may have a beneficial effect on improvement of Q-angle and quadriceps muscle activation in patellofemoral pain syndrome.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.808-814
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• 2020

Background: Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) has been reported to act as an inflammasome modulator. Ginsenosides, saponin molecules of RGE, selectively inhibit activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, while non-saponin molecules of RGE upregulate inflammasome components associated with the initiation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this study, we investigated the effect of non-saponin components of RGE on AIM2 inflammasome activation. Methods: The role of non-saponins of RGE on AIM2 inflammasomes was tested in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, a human monocyte-like cell line, and a mouse animal model. Cells or mice were transfected with dsDNA or inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes to activate AIM2 inflammasomes. Several indices of inflammasome activation were examined via immunoblot or ELISA analysis. Results: The non-saponin fraction and saponin-eliminating fraction (SEF) of RGE selectively attenuated the activation of AIM2 inflammasomes, but not that of NLRP3 or NLRC4 inflammasomes. Fructose-arginine, an amino-sugar, was shown to be effective against AIM2 inflammasome activation. Conclusion: Non-saponins of RGE, such as fructose-arginine, might be effective in regulating infectious and autoimmune diseases resulting from AIM2 inflammasome activation.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of gluteus medius muscles. Design: Cross sectional study design. Methods: Using the inclusion criteria for this study, 20 healthy adults, both males and females were selected for the measurement of muscle activation of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia latae muscles while performing clamshell exercise, basic movements in leg raise in side-lying, and 3 different cueing methods. Electromyogram was used to measure muscle activation, and both muscle activation and muscle ratio were compared during the basic movements and different cueing methods. Results: Gluteus medius activation was highest using "try not to make your body rotate" (cueing method 2) in both clamshell exercise and leg raise side-lying (F=5.533, p<0.05, F=7.771, p<0.05), and muscle ratio was highest in clamshell exercise using cueing method 2 (p<0.05) and "don't move your tensor fascia late" (cueing method 1) in leg raise side-lying (p<0.05). This study showed that cueing method 1 in leg raise side-lying and cueing method 2 in clamshell exercise were the most effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of gluteus medius muscle. Conclusions: The results of this study may be used as basic information for future studies on muscle activation and muscle ratio for different cueing methods and different muscles in various exercises.