• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.50
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• pp.277-289
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• 2006

This study was carried out to find a new material having high removal efficiency for the harmful red tide. C. polykrikoides grow very fast and accumulate into dense and visible patches near the surface of the seawater ('Water bloom'). Some mineral medicines and Hwangto (reddish soil consist of clay minerals and Fe-oxides) were used in this study to remove C. polykrikoides. The pre-determined sprinkling ratio of mineral vs. seawater which contains approximately 5,000 cells/mL of C. polykrikoides was 10 g/L. In order to quantify the removal efficiency, the density of living cells was measured by counting with the Intervals of 0, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after sprinkling. Five Hwangtos feom different localities were examined in this study. It is found that a material with a high concentration of Fe and Al was the most effective to remove C. polykrikoides. After the sprinkling of the Hwangto showing the best removal efficiency in the test, 99% of total algaes were found to be eliminated within 60 minutes. Jeokeokji showed the highest removal efficiency among clay mineral medicines(92% removal efficiency after 60 minutes), and the rests in decreasing order are as follows: Gamto (91%) > Baekseokji (89%) > Hydromica (81%). In addition, Fe-oxide mineral medicine similarly looking as fine-grained earthy Daejaseok showed 100% removal efficiencyafter 30 minutes, and Wooyoeryang, 95% after 60 minutes. It is noted that even little addition (1 g/L) of Daejaseok, 10% of Hwangto concentration into seawater showed the removal efficiency of 100% after 60 minutes. From the results, it could be concluded that the fine-grained earthy Daejaseok was the most effective natural mineral medicine to remove the C. polykrikoides from seawater. Under the microscope the removal mechanism was found to be activated in the following order: adsorption, swelling of chain colony, chain colony crisis and algaecide.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.895-900
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• 1998

In order to the effective utility of marine by-product, crude lecithin was isolated from skipjack viscera oil and the lecithin was refined by bleaching and deodorization. Crude lecithin was separated from the skipjack viscera oil degummed with 0.4 ml of citric acid per 100 ml of the oil. Bleaching was effected by adding $5\%$ activated clay and treating for $40^{\circ}C$ for 90 min under vacuum, and deodorization was effectively conducted by steam distillation at $130^{\circ}C$ for 60 min under 4 ton of vacuum. The major fatty acids of the skipjack viscera oil. were 16:0. 18:1 (n-9), 22:6 (n-3), 18:0, and 16:1 (n-7). Crude and refined lecithins contained more aproximately $7\~18\%$ of 22:6 (n-3) than raw oil, the skipjack viscera oil.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 1998

The clay and yellow loess have capability to adsorb and precipitate particles. The removal efficiencyes of those flocculents on the dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, have been studied in laboratory and in field near Tongyong fish farm in September, 1996. The removal efficiencyes in the laboratory experiment was $43\%$ for $2\;g/{\ell}$, $64\%$ for $6g/{\ell}$ and $88\%$ for $10\;g/{\ell}$ in one hour after dispersion. No big difference of removal efficiency was found between the raw and the acid-activated loess. In the field survey, the removal rates ranged from 72 to $80\%$ in 30 min after the dispersion. The effect of loess scattering on water quality was estimated. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), chemical of gen demand (COD) and chlorophyll a decreased more or less after dispersion, while the concentration of suspended solid (SS) increased. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) were kept constant. These results indicated that the dispersion concentration of more than $10g/{\ell}$ has a good removal efficiency of above $80\%$ without big variation of water quality after dispersion of yellow loess.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 2002

In Korea, many open-air upper palaeolithic sites are located at the river valley, particularly exposed in gently rotting terrain along the river course. They are situated at an altitude less trail 30 m above present river bottom, and covered with the blankets of slope deposits of several meters in thickness. The purpose of this research is to eluridate depositional and vegetational environment of the alluvial upper palaeolithic Jangheung-ri sites on the basis of analytical properties of grain size population, chronology, palynology, soil chemistry and clay mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility of the Jangheung-ri Quaternary formations. The lithostratograpy of Jangheung-ri sit is subdivided into 3 layers based on the depositional sequence and radiocarbon ages. From bottom to top, they are composed of slope deposits with lower paleosol layers, young fluvial sand and gravel with backswamp organic muds, and upper paleosol layers. The upper paleosol was formed under rather dry climatic condition between each flooding period. Dessication cracks were prevalent in the soil solum which was filled with secondarily minuted fragments due to pedogenetic process. The soil structure shows typical braided-typed cracks in the root part of cracking texture, and more diversified pattern of crackings downward. The young fluvial sand gravel were formed by rather perennial streams after LGM. The main part of organic muds was particularly formed after 15Ka. Local backswamp were flourished with organic muds and graded suspension materials in the flooding muds were intermittently accumulated in the organic muds until ca. 11Ka. This episode was associated with migration of Nam River toward present course. Organic muds were formed in backswamp or local pond. Abies/Picea-Betula with Ranunculaceae, Compositae, Cyperaceae were prevalent. This period is characterized with B$\Phi$lling, Older Dryas, Allerod, and Younger Dryas (MIS-1). Stone artefacts were found in the lower paleosol layers formed as old as 18Ka-22Ka. Based on the artefacts and landscape settings of the Jangheung-ri site, it is presumed that settlement grounds of old people were buried by frequent floodings of old Nam River, the river-beds of which were heavily fluctuated laterally and river-bed erosions were activated from south to north in Jangheung-ri site until the terminal of LGM9ca 17Ka).

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.127-142
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• 2005

Not only in Korea but throughout the entire world millions of people are in contact with images. Images have become a medium through which to transmit anything from simple visualizations of moving images to knowledge and information. The age of the internet has arisen thanks to scientific development, and the internet generation's acquisition of information is continuously becoming faster. The spectators, ufo must choose amongst the excessive amount of available information, are changing along with it just as quickly. The method of visual transmission has changed to match the demands of the fast-changing pace of the new generation. In order to receive an instantaneous selection amongst much information, the primary requisite is attracting one's attention, and then presenting a corresponding feeling of satisfaction. The early stages of film arose from the desire to capture one's actual situation as it realty is. Unsatisfied with the still picture, people developed the motion picture. Research has succeeded in reproducing 3-dimensional images more realistic than the actual image we perceive as a result of the difference in visual perspective of both eyes and their response to rays of light From color film to 3-dimensional pictures, people enjoy the magnificent results of this. All fields within the category of film are continuously studying the human desire to pursue their visual side, namely the pursuit of visual images with a maximum sense of reality. The images that millions of people around the world see now are flat. The screen's depth and optical illusions effectively give a sense of reality while conveying information. However, although the flat screen is able to create a sense of depth using the different visual perspective of each eye for the realization of a cubic effect, there are limitations. Entering the 21s1 century, there is a quickly-arising branch within the field of image media which seeks to overcome these limitations Although 3-dimensional images began in films, entering the latter half of the 20th century, due to development of 3-dimensional images using the mediums of the animation field, cellular phones, advertisement screens, television etc., without restriction is designated as 'image.'. With research having started around 1900 and continuing for over 100 years, we are now able to witness the popularization of 3-dimensional films happening before our very eyes. Within our own country, we can frequently see them at amusement parks and museums. In the future, through the popularization of HDTV etc., there is a good outlook for practical use of 3-dimensional images in televisions with advanced picture qualify as well as in other areas. Together with the international current, research on 3-dimensional films has been activated in Korea and is rising as a main current in the film industry. Within this context, the contents and understanding of 3-dimensional images must keep in step with the pace of technical advancements. In order to accelerate of development of film contents to keep in pace with technical developments, this dissertation presents the techniques and technical aspects of future developments, and shows the need to prepare in advance to make the field grow- and thereby avoid having a lack of experts and being conquered by other nations in the field - rather than only advancing the technical aspects and importing the contents. This dissertation aims to stimulate interest and continual research by progressive-thinking people related to the film industry. Part II looks into the definition and types of 3-dimensional motion pictures, the terminology, the fundamentals of image formation, current market fluctuations, and looks into 3-dimensional techniques which can be borrowed and introduced in 3-dimensional animations. Part III concerns 3-dimensional animated films. It analyzes 3-dimensional production techniques while using the introduction of specific animation techniques in the 2004 production Lee Sun Shin and Nelson - Naval Heroes 3-dimensional animation produced in 2004 by Clay & Puppet Stop-Motion Animation & Computer Graphic. Original Korean title: 해전영웅 이순신과 넬슨. as an example, and it also looks into how current film techniques used in animations can be applied in 3-dimensional films. Additionally, the actual stages of the various fields of 3-dimensional animations are presented. Given the current direction and advancement of 3-dimensional films making use of animations and the possible realization of this field, the author plans to weigh the development of this yet unexploited new market Not looking at the current progress of the field, but rather the direction of the hypothetical types of animation techniques, the author predicts the marketability and possibility of development of each area.