• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.625-638
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to carefully investigate the effect of hydrolysis using Flavourzyme on meat quality, antioxidative status, and taste-related compounds in breast of Samgyetang that was supplemented with black garlic (BG). Four different treatment groups were compared: (1) conventional Samgyetang (control), (2) Samgyetang hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) (FS), (3) Samgyetang made with the BG extract without hydrolysis (NBG), and (4) BG samgyetang pre-treated with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) in a water bath at 55℃ for 2.5 h and hydrolyzed before being processed (HBG). All the treatment groups were cooked by retorting at conditions 121℃ and 1.5 kg/cm² for 1 h. Improved umami profiles through the increase of umami-related nucleotides (5c-GMP, 5'-IMP) and free amino acids-aspartic acid and glumtamic acid, in Samgyetang breast was recorded following hydrolysis. The HBG group tended to impart stronger scavenging activity toward free radicals compared with the other two groups, while not differing with NBG group regarding suppressing malondialdehyde. Textural properties were improved through hydrolysis, wherein the shear force value decreased from 2.29 kgf in the control to 1.19 and 1.25 kgf in the FS and HBG group. Moisture percentages were highly retained, with the redness score increasing and the lightness color decreasing following hydrolysis. In conclusion, the results of this study can be a preliminary information of the effect of hydrolysis pre-treatment for BG samgyetang. Further experiments are required to compare various enzymes along with its organoleptic acceptances.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 1998

Glucosidic bonds at the C20 position of the sapogenins were hydrolyzed easily in the lower pH, higher temperatures and longer times to give prosapogenins and sugars. The glucosidic bond of saponin at the C3 of ginsenoside-Rb1, which is secondary carbon, was relatively stable due to the low electron density of -0.2. But the bond of saponin at the C20 position, which is tertiary carbon with the relatively high electron density of -0.3, was liable to be hydrolyzed even in weakly acidic solution by the increase of heating time. On the other hand, red ginseng contained 13.34 mg/g of citric acid, 8.78 mg/g of malonic acid, 3.70 mg/g of oxalic acid, 2.13 mg/g of malic acid and 0.44 mg/g of succinct acid. Ginseng saponins were very stable in ginseng extract neutralized with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate corresponding to the equivalent amount of the total organic acid in the red ginseng.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.322-326
• /
• 1993

For the development of new antinflammatory and analgesic drugs, new 5-alkylthio (or sulfonyl) methyl-5-m-methoxyphenylhydantoin-3-acetic acid derivatives(alkyl; ethyl, propyl, butyl) were prepared. The 5,5 -disubstituted hydantoins which were used as starting materials, were prepared acording to Bucherer-Berg method. The reaction of ethyl chloroacelate with these compounds gave 3-acetate and the subsequent hydrolysis with dilute sodium hydroxide resulted in hydantoin 3-acetate and the subsequent hydrolysis with dilute sodium hydroxide resulted in hydantoin 3-acetic acid derivatives. Through the same procedure of equivalent hydroxide resulted in hydantoin 3-acetic acid derivatives. Through the same procedure of equivelent hydantions or the oxidation of 5-alkylthiohydantoin ocmpounds described above, 5-alkylsulfonylme-thyl-5-m-methoxyphenylhydantoin-30acetic acid derivatives were also synthesized.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.876-881
• /
• 1997

The relationship between the molecular structure of acid-hydrolyzed rice starch and the retrogradation rate of starch gel was investigated. The molecular structure of starch was modified by acid hydrolysis with 1 N HCl at $35^{\circ}C$. The molecular weight of starch decreased as acid hydrolysis time was increased. At the early stage of hydrolysis up to 3 hr, the branching point of amylopectin was degraded and thereafter both ${\alpha}-1,4\;and\;{\alpha}-1,6$ linkages were hydrolyzed. The starch gel (50%) stored at $20^{\circ}C$ revealed that the rapid retrogradation occurred during 4 hr of storage which was more pronounced as the hydrolysis time increased. The degree of retrogradation of starch gels after 4 hr storage showed a linear relationship with the yield of hydrolyzate. These results suggested that the retrogradation of starch gel was accelerated by degradation of ${\alpha}-1,6$ linkages with acid.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 1995

As the surfactants that were used in micellar reaction, emulsion polymerization and phase-transfer reaction etc. have the problems, the cleavable surfactant was converted to inactive compound after such as the reaction in the condition. Because 1, 3-dioxolane ring by ketal or acetal reactioc is lack of stability in acid condition, it is easily made to acid-hydrolysis. And cmc value of the surfactant is assumed $1.0{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$ and surface tension in cmc is 31 dyne/cm. Compared with other surfactant, this surfactant foam property is not better. But emulsion property was relatively good. According as acid-hydrolysis property was observed the interface tension change between aqueous solution and benzene by the variation of pH and time, this surfactant was made to hydrolysis within about 300minutes in pH 1${\sims}$4. Therefore this surfactant is expected to be a good emulsifier that has the bad foam property and the acid-hydrolysis property in acid condition.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.220-224
• /
• 1999

Lactic acid was reacted with alcohol into lactate ester, and lactate ester produced in esterification reaction was distilled simultaneously with hydrolysis reaction into lactic acid. When the yields of lactic acid recovered by batch reactive distillations with various alcohols were compared, the yield of lactic acid was increased as the volatility of lactate ester was increased. In this batch reactive distillation, because the mixtures condensed in partial condensor were flown to reboiler through distillation column, the recovery yield of lactic acid was affected by operation temperature of partial condensor. Hydrolysis reaction into lactic acid in distillation column rarelyoccurred because of short retention time of lactate ester and water. Lactate ester was reacted into lactic acid in reboiler.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.401-408
• /
• 2018

The waste seaweed from Gwangalli beach, Busan, Korea was utilized as biomass for ethanol production. Sagassum fulvellum (brown seaweed, Mojaban in Korean name) comprised 72% of the biomass. The optimal hyper thermal acid hydrolysis conditions were obtained as 8% slurry contents, 138 mM sulfuric acid, and $160^{\circ}C$ of treatment temperature for 10 min with a low content of inhibitory compounds. To obtain more monosaccharides, enzymatic saccharification was carried out with Viscozyme L for 48 h. After pretreatment, 34 g/l of monosaccharides were obtained. Pichia stipitis and Pichia angophorae were selected as optimal co-fermentation yeasts to convert all of the monosaccharides in the hydrolysate to ethanol. Co-fermentation was carried out with various inoculum ratios of P. stipitis and P. angophorae. The maximum ethanol concentration of 16.0 g/l was produced using P. stipitis and P. angophorae in a 3:1 inoculum ratio, with an ethanol yield of 0.47 in 72 h. Ethanol fermentation using yeast co-culture may offer an efficient disposal method for waste seaweed while enhancing the utilization of monosaccharides and production of ethanol.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.415-421
• /
• 1990

The effects of temperature, pH, light and concentration on the degradation of trimebutine maleate in aqueous solution were investigated on the basis of accelerated stability analysis, and the stabilization of the solution was attempted by addition of several additives. The decomposition of trimebutine maleate in solution followed first-order reaction the was not only accelerated by temperature elevation but also the lower the concentratin the more speeded up the reaction. The decomposition mechanism of trimebtine could be confirmed by hydrolysis of ester bond in the structure. It was assumed trimebutine maleate is so photosensitive that the solution of the drug underwent accelerated decomposition under UV rays. What is more, the degradation of trimebutine solution was supposed to catalyzed by specific acid-base catalysis considered the pH dependence for the hydrolysis of ester, and the solution was most stable over the range of pH 2-2.8 in solution. The additives, citric acid, asparitc acid and glutamic acid, inhibited considerably the decomposition of the drug solution, and these additives might be used as stabilizers in trimebutine maleate solution.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.511-511
• /
• 2009

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic material on earth and also promising raw material for bioenergy production. Agricultural residues in the process of bio-oil extraction, is an abundant and low-cost lignocellulosic material. The technology for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass resources to fuels and chemicals, such as ethanol, has been under development for decades. One of the well-studied technologies that are currently being commercialized is to use a dilute acid-catalyzed pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation to produce ethanol. In this work, the dilute-acid hydrolysis of agricultural residues was optimized through the utilization of statistical experimental design. Evaluation criteria for optimization of the pretreatment conditions were based on high xylose recovery and low inhibitor contents in the hydrolyzates. The purpose of this study was to gain a more accurate understanding of the quantities of acid required for effective hydrolysis and the reactivity trade-offs with reaction time and temperature that will enable overall process optimization.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.478-481
• /
• 2015

In this study, the hydrolysis of green macro-algae Enteromorpha intestinalis using solid acid catalyst was conducted to obtain total reducing sugar. The hydrolysis was optimized with four reaction parameters of liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and reaction time. As a optimized result, the highest TRS of 7.74 g/L was obtained under condition of 7.5 L/S ratio, $140^{\circ}C$, 15% catalyst amount and 2 hr. By the way, at this condition, only 0.13 g/L 5-HMF was detected. The solid acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of marine resources had the potential in the field of bioenergy.