• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국염색가공학회 2008년도 제39차 학술발표회
• /
• pp.45-46
• /
• 2008

Dyeing and fastness properties of acid dyeable polyurethane have been compared with those of regular polyurethane. The Exhaustion and color strength on acid dyeable polyurethane was relatively better than regular polyurethane at heavy depth dyeing. The washing fastness properties of acid dyes on acid dyeable polyurethane were similar to those of regular polyurethane.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.1433-1436
• /
• 1999

The 2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-MDO (2) underwent polymerization with ring opening as well as cyclization reaction in the presence of various cationic catalysts such as boron trifluoride, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. They afforded a mixture of the ring-opened poly(keto ether) and 3(2H)-dihydrofuranone derivative. Both the methylene group and oxygen atom of 1,3-dioxolane ring were participated in the reaction with cationic catalyst. The contents of the polymer and cyclization product were variable according to the acid strength of the cationic catalysts.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 1985

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 Lignosulfonic Acid계(系) 감수제(減水劑)를 첨가(添加)한 모르터의 유동성(流動性) 개선(改善)과 강도변화(强度變化)를 구명(究明)하고자 시행(施行)하였다. 1. Plastic 상태(狀態)에서 Pozzolith-84의 첨가량(添加量)을 늘리면 Flow가 증가(增加)하였다. 이는 Pozzolith-84의 첨가(添加) 시(時) 전기적(電氣的) 이중층(二重層)이 형성(形成)되어 시멘트 입자(粒子) 상호간(相互間)에 반발력(反撥力)이 생겨 분산(分散)된 것으로 이 분산작용(分散作用)은 술폰산기(酸基)의 계면활성작용(界面活性作用)에 기인(基因)되며, 시공성(施工性)이 개선(改善)됨에 따라 Precast 제품(製品) 생산(生産) 시(時) 비용절감(費用節減)의 효과(效果)가 있으며, 단위수량감소(單位水量減少)에 의(依)해 구조물(構造物)의 내구성(耐久性)이 개선(改善)된다. 2. 경화(硬化)된 상태(狀態)에서는 P/C가 0.2, 0.4%일 때 보통(普通)모르터의 강도(强度)보다 다소증가(多少增加)되었으며, P/C가 0.8% 이상(以上)일 때 보통(普通) 모르터의 강도(强度) 보다 감소(減少)된 것은 잔류(殘留) 술폰산(酸)($SO_3H$), 무수유산(無水硫酸)($SO_3$)의 화학반응(化學反應)에 의(依)한 것으로 생각된다. 3. 비중(比重)과 압축강도(壓縮强度) 분석(分析) 결과(結果) 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었으며 비중(比重)이 커짐에 따라 압축강도(壓縮强度)도 역시 증가(增加)되었고, 재령(材齡) 7일(日)과 28일(日)의 강도(强度) 분석(分析) 결과(結果) 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었으며, 재령(材齡) 7일(日)의 압축(壓縮) 강도(强度)가 클수록 인장(引張) 휩강도(强度)도 역시 크게 나타났다. 4. Pozzolith-84는 펄프공업(工業)의 폐기물(廢棄物)인 Lignosulfonic Acid Type이며 이를 실용화(實用化)하면 산업폐기물(産業廢棄物)의 활용(活用)에 유익(有益)하다고 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.692-699
• /
• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 표면처리가 기존의 레진과 새로운 레진 사이의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 준비된 레진 시편을 6군으로 임의로 배분하여 각각의 표면처리를 한 후 수리용 레진을 축조하였다. 일주일간 보관 후 전단결합강도 를 측정하였고 일원분산 분석법으로 통계처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 3군과 4군(air abrasion)은 1군(산부식)에 비해 전단결합강도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 5군과 6군(diamond bur)은 1군(산부식)에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 나타냈으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 2. 2군(자가부식 접착제)은 1군(산부식)에 비해 전단결합강도가 낮게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 3군(air abrasion)과 4군(air abrasion+산부식)에서 전단결합강도의 차이는 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 4. 5군(diamond bur)과 6군(diamond bur+산부식)에서 전단결합강도의 차이는 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론적으로, 복합레진의 수리 시 air abrasion으로 표면처리를 했을 때의 결합강도가 가장 높았고, 산부식 방법과 처리여 부는 수리강도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dentin bonding agents on the bond strength of composite resin restorations in case of applying the dentin bonding agents to acid etched enamel surfaces. Freshly extracted 364 bovine anterior teeth were selected as a adherents. 320 enamel specimens were divided into two groups(unetched group (1) and etched group (2) for testing the shear bond strength, 40 specimens were used for the hardness testing, and 4 specimens of rest were to observe the resin-tag formation into etched enamel surfaces. All surfaces of enamel specimens were polished with 320~1500 SiC paper under continuous running water. In Group (1), 100 enamel specimens were polished and unetched. 220 polished enamel specimens in Group (2) were etched with 37 % phosphoric acid solution for 60 seconds, washed with water for 20 seconds, and dried with a light air pressure for 60 seconds. Three kinds of dentin bonding agents(Gluma, Prisma, Scotchbond 2) were evaluated the effect on the bond strength to conditioned enamel surfaces. Shear bond strengths were measured on the three cases such as a coating of primer only, a coating of sealer only, and a sequential coating of primer and sealer to acid etched enamel surfaces were compared with the bond strengths measured by the coating of enamel bonding agent followed by the bonding of composite resin (Photo clearfil bright, Kuraray, Japan) to unetched and acid etched enamel surfaces. In addition, the hardness tested on the adhesive fractured surface between composite resin enamel as a mean of evaluation of a factor whether the mechanical bond strengths were affected and the penetration of dentin bonding agents into etched enamel surfaces was also observed. Bond strengths were measured using the method of shear bond strength by a universal testing machine (Instron-4467, USA), statistical test were applied to the results using a one way analysis variance(ANOVA), and hardness was measured by the Vicker's Hardness Tester(MHT-i, Matsuzawa, Japan) and the penetration of the resins were observed by the SEM (Hitachi, S-2300, Japan). The following conclusions were drawn; 1. Enamel bonding agent showed to affect the improvement of bond strength of composite resin to enamel surface both unetched and etched. 2. Dentin bonding agents could be resulted in increase of bond strength to unetched enamel surface, but there were no statistical significances. 3. Bond strengths to etched enamel surface were significantly decreased with a coating of dentin primer only. 4. Coating of sealer only and coating of primer and sealer noticed the similar bond strengths of composite resin to etched enamel using the enamel bonding agents. 5. The applying method proved to be more effective than the kinds of dentin bonding agents on the bond strength of composite resin to etched enamel than the kind of dentin. 6. Vicker's hardness numbers of dentin bonding agents were lower than that of composite resin, but the degree of penetration of dentin bonding agents into etched enamel surfaces was excellent.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional acid etching and curing mechanism (light-curing or self-curing) of a composite resin on the dentin bond strength and compatibility of one-step self-etching adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen human permanent molars were randomly divided into eight groups according to the adhesives used (All-Bond Universal: ABU, Clearfil S3 Bond: CS3), additional acid etching (additional acid etching performed: EO, no additional acid etching performed: EX), and composite resins (Filtek Z-250: Z250, Clearfil FII New Bond: CFNB). Group 1: ABU-EO-Z250, Group 2: ABU-EO-CFNB, Group 3: ABU-EX-Z250, Group 4: ABU-EX-CFNB, Group 5: CS3-EO-Z250, Group 6: CS3-EO-CFNB, Group 7: CS3-EX-Z250, Group 8: CS3-EX-CFNB. After bonding procedures, composite resins were built up on dentin surfaces. After 24-hour water storage, the teeth were sectioned to make 10 specimens for each group. The microtensile bond strength test was performed using a microtensile testing machine. The failure mode of the fractured specimens was examined by means of an optical microscope at ${\times}20$ magnification. The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Additional etching groups showed significantly higher values than the no additional etching group when using All-Bond Universal. The light-cured composite resin groups showed significantly higher values than the self-cured composite resin groups in the Clearfil S3 Bond. CONCLUSION. The additional acid etching is beneficial for the dentin bond strength when using low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives, and low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives are compatible with self-cured composite resin. The acidity of the one-step self-etch adhesives is an influencing factor in terms of the dentin bonding strength and incompatibility with a self-cured composite resin.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2019

이 논문의 목적은 기능성 모노머를 함유한 8세대 접착제의 적용시간 감소와 인산 산부식 여부가 유치에서 접착능에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 80개의 우식이 없는 유구치를 선정하였고, 접착제의 종류에 따라서 2그룹으로 분류하였다(G-premio bond, Single bond universal). 각 그룹은 적용 시간와 인산 산부식 여부에 따라서 그룹당 10개씩, 총 4개의 하위그룹으로 추가 분류하였다. 각 하위그룹은 절반으로 나누어, 5개의 시편은 전단결합강도 측정 후 주사전자현미경을 촬영하여 파절양상을 확인하였고, 다른 5개의 시편은 미세누출을 측정하였다. G-premio bond는 적용시간와 인산 산부식 여부에 따른 결합강도와 파절양상, 미세누출의 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. Single bond universal은 적용시간을 길게 한 경우가 적용시간이 짧은 경우에 비해서 유의하게 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다(p = 0.014). 모든 그룹에서 나타난 전단결합강도는 임상적으로 허용 가능한 전단결합강도인 17 MPa 보다 높았다. G-premio bond는 인산 산부식 없이 적용시간을 줄여서 사용하는 방법이 가능하다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.82-94
• /
• 1997

For the purpose of establishing the most appropriate method of bonding between glass ionomer liners and composite resin and comparing the materials for sandwich technique, an experiment was performed to measure the shear bond strengths between the two with the variables in the surface treatment of liners and elapsed time till composite buildup. Materials used were Vitrebond and Fuji II LC, each as the restorative and liner respectively, and each group was subdivided by surface treatment (acid etching and sandblasting) and time elapsed from GIC filling to composite buildup (immediately, 1 day, 7 days), consisting 12 groups as a whole. Each subgroup was composed of 10 specimens and the shear bond strength between GIC liners and composite resin was measured under UTM and analyzed. The result were as follows: 1. The shear bond strength between two materials was highest when initially filled Fuji II LC was sandblasted after 1 days and composite built-up (Group FS1). And the lowest value was found when GIC was acid-etched after 7 days and composite built-up (Group FE7). Significant difference was found between the two groups. (P<0.01) 2. In regard of surface treatment of GI liners, acid-etched group (VE) showed higher bond strength than sandblasted group (VS) for Vitrebond. But, the reverse was true for Fuji II LC. (P<0.05) 3. In regard to the time elapsed from GI filling to composite buildup, the group of 1 day elapse showed relatively higher strength for Vitrebond. On the contrary, immediate buildup group (FE0) was stronger for acid-etched group and 1 day elapse group(FS1) was higher for sand-blasted group in Fuji II LC. (P<0.05)

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.693-704
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate effective surface conditioning method of In-Ceram core to improve bonding with resin cement. The surface of each sample was avraded with glass bead for 20 seconds and then subjected to one of the following conditions : no modification, sandblasting with $50{\mu}m$ slumimum oxide powders for 20 seconds, etching with 20% hydrofluoric acid for 5, 10, and 15 minutes(half of the etched samples were coated with silane), and sandblasting with $250{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide powders and silica coating whith Silicoater MD system(Kulzer, Germany). The surface morphology changes were examined with scanning electronic microscope(SEM. and the shear bond strength of In-Ceram core samples to resin cement(Panavis 21, Kurayay, Japan) were measured. It was concluded that : 1. By SEM observation, 20% HF acid etching did not create clear microretentive structure and surface roughness diminished with increace in etching time. Sandblasting was more effective than 20% hydrofluoric acid etching in producing microretentive structure. 2. The bond strengths of all In-Ceram core samples surface conditioned were increased that that of control group. 3. Silica coating showed higher bond strength than etching with 20% hydrofluoric acid. 4. The use of silane coating was more effective in improving bond strength than lengthening etching time.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of surface treatments on the bond strengths between polymer-containing restorative materials and two dual-cure resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In the present study, rectangular samples prepared from Lava Ultimate (LU) and Vita Enamic (VE) blocks were used. The specimen surfaces were treated using CoJet sandblasting, 50 ㎛ Al₂O₃ sandblasting, % 9 HF (hydrofluoric) acid, ER,Cr:YSGG laser treatment, and Z-Prime. Dual-cure resin cements (TheraCem and 3M RelyX U 200) were applied on each specimen's treated surface. A micro-tensile device was used to evaluate shear bond strength. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS 9.4v3. RESULTS. While the bond strength using TheraCem with LU or VE was not statistically significant (P=.164), the bond strength using U200 with VE was statistically significant (P=.006). In the TheraCem applied VE groups, Z-Prime and HF acid were statistically different from CoJet, Laser, and Sandblast groups. In comparison of TheraCem used LU group, there was a statistically significant difference between HF acid and other surface treatments. CONCLUSION. The bonding performance between the restorative materials and cements were material type-dependent and surface treatment had a large effect on the bond strength. Within the limitations of the study, the use of both U200 and TheraCem may be suggested if Z-prime was applied to intaglio surfaces of VE. The cementation of LU using TheraCem is suitable after HF acid conditioning of the restoration surfaces.