• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.284-292
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• 2010

This research was carried out to examine the properties of fancy cherry veneer overlaid on the PF resin bonded Meranti plywood floor, which 2.5% green tea leaf powder was applied in the UV varnishes and the adhesives for scavenging the volatile organic compounds. The results were as follows: 1. The various properties of the treated samples, such as density, moisture content, thickness swelling, bending strength(MOR), adhesion shear strength, surface abrasion, curling, cyclic delamination test with boiling water, boiling property, cold-resistance and heat resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance, and anti-contamination property showed no significant difference between the properties of the control samples. 2.5% green tea leaf powder treated floor gave a little better results than the control for surface scratch test. 2. In case of QUV and weathering test, no difference between the treated sample and control was found. 3. The floor was discolored by adding 10% green tea leaf powder to UV coating, and the floor was also discolored to light green during by the soaking test. The color of floor was not changed up to 5% addition level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.720-728
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• 2000

The different products of neem (Azadirachta indica) are utilized for variety of purposes in industry, health and animal agriculture in the Indian subcontinent. The cake from seeds after oil extraction is a good source of nutrients (CP: 35-38%; EE: 4.5-5.5%; CF: 12-15%; Ca: 0.75%; P: 0.45% on DM), and in particular, the one out of its kernel is proteinaceous and is relatively balanced in its amino acid and mineral profile. But the cake is toxic and bitter to taste owing to triterpenoids (nimbin, salannin, azadirachtin), which restricts its safe inclusion in livestock diet. Several feeding trials with raw cake have revealed poor palatability and adverse performance among different categories of livestock and poultry. Internal organ changes included histological alteration in intestine, liver, kidney and distruption of spermatogenesis and ovarian activity. Ruminants appears to tolerate reasonably higher levels of the cake and to a limited low levels of dietary inclusion also proved to be tolerable in monogastric farm animals. Debitterization through solvent (hexane, ether) extraction, water washing, alkali (NaOH, 1.5, 2.5 or 3%, wt/wt) soaking and urea (1.5 or 3%, wt/wt) - ammoniation have been tried with appreciable success in improving the palatability and nutritive value of the cake. For enhanced utilization, decortication of neem seeds is to be done effectively at industrial level with maximum oil recovery. The resultant proteinaceous kernel by-product could be a cheaper unconventional protein supplement after suitable processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.376-382
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• 1997

Antioxidative characteristics of doenjang(fermented soybeans paste) phenolics on the lipid oxidation systems were studied by the determination of the oxidative related activity including lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition, metal chelating and free radical scavengning of doenjang phenolics. Manlikong variety containing the highest amounts of phenolic compounds among the soybean variety, was used for doenjang processing. Doenjang was prepared by the series of processes including soaking for overnight, cooking for 1hr at 12Lb, first fermentation (3 days at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) for the preparation of meju(soybean koji) after inoculation of Asp. oryzae, and further fermentation(60 days at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) for the ripening after addition of salt 13% to meju. In order to investigate the antioxidative activity of phenolics in doenjang, the doenjang phenolics was extracted with methanol form freeze dried defatted doenjang. Antioxidative effects of methanol extract on linoleic acid oxidation system were observed by the significantly decreased levels of peroxide and conjugated diene formation. In addition, methanol extract resulted in the inhibition of LOX activity. and also, metal(FeCl$_3$) chelation and free radical scavengning activities were increased with increasing concentration of methanol extract.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

This paper investigate that the effect of the concrete containing mineral admixtures(pozzolanic materials such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and meta kaolin) on the resistance properties to chloride ion invasion. The purposed testing procedure was applied to the concrete added mineral admixtures for 3~4 replacement ratios under W/B ratios ranged from 0.40 to 0.55. For the electrical migration test, Tang and Nilsson's method was used to estimate the migration coefficient of chloride ion. As a results, the W/B ratios, kinds of admixture and replacement ratios, water curing periods had a great effect on the migration coefficient of chloride ion, and the optimal replacement ratios of admixture had a limitation for each admixtures. Also, the addition of mineral admixtures by mass(replacement of OPC) enhanced the resistance of the mixture to chloride penetration compared with the plain concrete. The amount of acid soluble chloride ions and water soluble chloride ions were varied with the kinds of mineral admixtures. The compressive strength was shown related to the migration coefficient of chloride ion, the compressive strength increased with the decreasing migration coefficient of chloride ion. Below the 50MPa, the variation of migration coefficient of concrete added mineral admixtures was bigger than plain concrete.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

In this study an automatic germinating system for germinated brown rice (GBR) was developed for accelerating germination and sprouting of brown rice. With the developed germinating system, the effects of anion radiation treatment on germination ratio, sprout growth, color quality and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of brown rice were investigated. This system can fast produce GBR by controlling the environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, and proper anion radiation. Air-phase germination with intermittent water spraying improved both germination ratio and sprout growth by about 2.2 and 2.3 times, respectively, compared to the conventional water soaking method. Our results strongly suggest that this germinating system that provides air-phase germination with intermittent water spraying and anion radiation can produce germinated brown rice with good color quality, high GABA content, and fast germination ratio as well as sprout growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

This paper investigate that the effect of the concrete containing mineral admixtures(pozzaolanic materials such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and meta kaolin) on the resistance properties to chloride ion invasion. The purposed testing procedure was applied to the concrete added mineral admixtures for 3∼4 replacement ratios under W/B ratios ranged from 0.40 to 0.55. For the electrical migration test, Tang and Nilsson's method was used to estimate the migration coefficient of chloride ion. As a results, the W/B ratios, kinds of admixture and replacement ratios, water curing periods had a great effect on the migration coefficient of chloride ion, and the optimal replacement ratios of admixture had a limitation for each admixtures. Also, the addition of mineral admixtures by mass(replacement of OPC) enhanced the resistance of the mixture to chloride penetration compared with the plain concrete. The amount of acid soluble chloride ions and water soluble chloride ions were varied with the kinds of mineral admixtures. The compressive strength was shown related to the migration coefficient of chloride ion, the compressive strength increased with the decreasing migration coefficient of chloride ion. Below the 50MPa, the variation of migration coefficient of concrete added mineral admixtures was bigger than plain concrete.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.613-618
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• 2005

This study was performed to analyze the microbiological properties of Oiji soaking solution and Oiji preserved with $7\%$ brine and the others preserved with Pulsatilla koreana additives of various concentration$(0,\;3,\;6,\;9\%)$ during fermentation(24 days) at room temperature$(20\pm2^{\circ}C)$. The results of this experiment are as follows: The total number of microbes showed radical increase up to 6th day of growth period and decreased afterwards. Growth of microbes was impeded in the beginning of fermentation in the case of adding $6\%$ Pulsatilla koreana. The number of lactic acid bacteria tended to increase progressively until 15th day and then decreased, and that in the group of $6\%$ Pulsatilla koreana was relatively lower than those of other groups. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aereus and Micrococcus luteus was shown weakly from 9th day of fermentation regardless of the concentration of Pulsatilla koreana additives, but inactivated after 21st day of fermentation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 1997

Oriental melon has been increased in production amount, but its processed food was not made in spite of the fact that shelf-life of the fresh fruit is short. This study was carried out to develop a dried product with no use sulfur treatment. Fresh melons were peeled, cut into 6 pieces, and soaked to the following pretreatments soaking in sugar syrup(SS), sodium chloride(SC), ascorbic acid(AA) and sodium polyphosphate(SP). After preatreatments the melon pieces were dried by hot air drying at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 9 and 12 hours, and the dried melons were air blown at $25^{\circ}C$ for 1 day. The dried samples were evaluated for moisture content, texture, rotor, and sensory quality. The moisture content of dried melons soaked in SS and SC were lower than those that were soaked in AA and SP after hot air drying. The melons dried for 12 hours were high in hardness, gumminess, chewness and adhesiveness and excellent in sensory evaluation compared to 9 hours. The "L" value of SS was higher and the "a" value was lower in Hunter color. And SS treatment inhibited browning of the dried melon and improved sensory characteristics in color, flavor, texture and taste. Sucrose concentration had no significant effect on color, hardness and sensory score in banal product. The combination of SS with SP represented a highly effective antibrowning treatment for the dried melon and the product was kept in good color for 3 months at room temperature.at room temperature.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

We have studied the effect of polarity, current density, current duration, crosslinking density, swelling ratio, and permeation enhancers on the transdermal flux of ketoprofen from acrylamide hydrogel. Hydrogel was prepared by free radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide. Drug loading was made just before transport experiment by soaking the hydrogel in solution containing drug. In vitro flux study using hairless mouse skin was performed at $36.5^{\circ}C$ using side-by-side diffusion cell, and the drug was analysed using HPLC/UV system. The result showed that, compared to passive flux, the total amount of drug transported increased about 18 folds by the application of $0.4\;mA/cm^2$ cathodal current. Anodal delivery with same current density also increased the total amount of drug transported about 13 folds. It seemed that the increase in flux was due to the electrorepulsion and the increase in passive permeability of the skin by the current application. Flux increased as current density, the duration of current application and loading amount (swelling duration) increased. As the cross linking density of the hydrogel increased, flux clearly decreased. The effect of hydrophilic enhancers (urea, N-methyl pyrrolidone, Tween 20) and some hydrophobic enhancers (propylene glycol monolaurate and isopropyl myristate) was minimal. However, about 3 folds increase in flux was observed when 5% oleic acid was used. Overall, these results provide some useful information on the design of an optimized iontophoretic delivery system of ketoprofen.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1993

Weathering of wood in a region of acid rain was performed by the test which thin veneers of Sitka spruce were exposed to outdoor weathering for a total of 18 weeks, with a daily soaking for 30 minutes in acidified water in the pH range 2~5.6. The weathering measured by weight loss and loss in maximum failure load in tension was accelerated by the increase in the acidity of acidified water and in the period of outdoor exposure. It was also shown that the weathering was accelerated even with low acidic conditions in the case of long exposure period, although the weathering was rapidly accelerated with high acidic conditions. When compared the degree of weight loss with that of loss in failure load by weathering, the latter was much greater. From the results of this research, it could be concluded that at pH 4.0 or below of precipitation, the acceleration of weathering of exterior wood would become serious problems, which would be caused deterioration in performance of exterior wood.