• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.286-297
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth of lactic acid bacteria and quality characteristics of Baechu kimchi prepared with four types of salt (Solar salt, Flower salt, Hanju salt, and Roasted salt) at two different concentrations (10, 15%) during storage. The quality characteristics of kimchi were examined by investigating acid production, growth of lactic acid bacteria, sensory properties, salinity, texture, and color characteristics. Baechu kimchi was fermented for 18 days at $10^{\circ}C$. The pH and total acidity did not change during storage according to type and concentration of salt. Growth of lactic acid bacteria was not affected by type of salt, whereas it was inhibited at 15% salt concentration after 9 days of fermentation. In the quantitative descriptive analysis of sensory properties, kimchi prepared with 10% salt showed significantly higher scores in term of overall acceptability (p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference by type of salt. For texture characteristics, hardness of kimchi prepared with 10% salt was significantly higher than that with 20% salt. For color characteristics, L value (brightness) and b values (yellowness) of kimchi prepared with 10% salt increased during fermentation, whereas a value (redness) did not change by type and concentration of salt. The results of this study show that there were no considerable differences in quality characteristics of Baechu kimchi prepared with various types and concentrations of salt. However, Solar salt resulted in more favorable sensory properties and salinity of kimchi than any other types. Further, kimchi prepared with 10% salt showed significantly higher scores in terms of overall acceptability, growth of lactic acid bacteria, salinity, texture, and color characteristics.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1980

3-(N-Carbonylpyrrolidone)-propanoic acid의 potassium-salt와 3-N-carbonyrrolidone)-propenoic acid의 potassium-salt를 합성하고 이것을 2-pyrrolidone 음이온중합의 개시제로 사용하여 그 효과를 조사하였다. $50^{\circ}C$에서 KOH의 농도를 2mole%로 고정시키고, 개시제를 1.5, 1.0, 0.5mole%로 변화시켰을때 1.0mole%에서 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 3-(N-Carbonylpyrrolidone)propenoic acid K-salt/KOH catalysis에 의하여 합성한 nylon 4의 inherent viscosity는 2.3dl/g이였고 3-(N-carbonylpyrrolidone)-propanoic acid K-salt 개시제에 의하여 합성한 중합체의 ingerent viscosity는 1.2dl/g이었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2019

본 연구는 각종 누룩으로 제조한 누룩소금들의 성분을 비교분석하여 누룩소금 제조시 필요한 기초자료를 확보하고 사용자의 요구에 맞는 누룩소금을 선택할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 누룩종류로 이화국, 미인국, 백국, 입국을 선정하여 누룩을 제조한 후 특성을 파악하였고, 재료비율과 온도 등 동일한 발효조건하에 누룩소금을 제조 후 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 누룩소금 제조 시 pH는 발효전 6.2-6.5에서 발효 3일후 6.1-6.2로 떨어진 다음 이후에는 약간 높아졌다. 총산은 발효전 0.16-0.18에서 발효후 0.22-0.25로 증가하였으며 누룩 간 차이는 없었다. 당도는 발효 후 높아졌으며 입국으로 만든 누룩소금이 가장 큰 당도 증가를 보였다. 누룩소금의 염도는 발효 전 30-32에서 발효 후 37-44로 높아졌으며 입국의 증가폭이 가장 컸다. 누룩소금의 유기산은 acetic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid 순으로 많이 검출되었다. 백국소금의 oxalic acid는 0.77 mg/mL으로 입국소금의 2.3배 많았고, succinic acid도 1.19 mg/mL로 백국소금이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 malic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid 및 citric acid는 각각 0.29 mg/mL, 1.48 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/mL로 입국소금이 가장 많은 것으로 나타나 입국으로 제조한 누룩소금이 다른 누룩으로 제조한 누룩소금 보다 부드러운 감칠맛이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.465-469
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• 1993

김치의 부재료로 쓰이는 멸치젓과 새우젓의 수분함량은 각각 31.14~39.01% 및 30.33~36.59%이고 밑반찬용으로 쓰이는 꼴뚜기젓, 모치젓 및 석화젓 등은 50%정도였다. 지방함량은 멸치젓이 5.51~5.85%로 가장 높았고 모치젓, 석화젓, 꼴뚜기젓 및 새우젓의 순이었다. 젓갈의 지방산 조성비는 시료에 따라 달랐지만 주요 지방산은 $C_{l6:0}$, $C_{20:5}$, $C_{l6:1}$, $C_{22:6}$, 및 $C_{l8:1}$ 등이었고, n-3 고도불포화지방산 비율이 높은 시료로는 꼴뚜기젓이 39.11%로 가장 높았고, 새우젓, 석화젓, 멸치젓 및 모치젓의 순이었다. n-3 고도불포화지방산 중에서 EPA는 비교적 석화젓(17.71%)과 꼴뚜기젓(16.38%)이 높았으며 DHA는 꼴뚜기젓(22.22%)과 새우젓 (15.13~21.50%)이 높았으나 특히 모치젓은 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다.보였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 자연수, 하폐수에 많이 포함되어 있는 파울링 유발 물질 중 하나인 alginic acid sodium salt를 축전식 탈염공정(capacity deionization, CDI)에서 파울링 감소를 위한 조건을 확립하고자 한다. 먼저 feed 물질로 NaCl을 사용하였다. 이는 파울링 발생에 대한 비교 물질로, 파울링이 발생하지 않음을 관찰하였다. Alginic acid sodium salt를 사용하여 파울링 발생 여부를 확인하였다. 농도는 7 mg/L, 흡착 1.2 V 5 min, 탈착 -2 V 1 min에서 효율이 50.07%으로 제일 효율적인 탈착 조건임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1994

By using a synthetic medium simulated on the amino acid composition of soybeam, the effect of salt concentrations on the production of volatile organic acid by the strains of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii So-3101, a soy sauce yeast, was studied at the concentrations of 12.5, 18.0, 22.0 and 28.5% NaCl. The growth, consumption of glucose, and production of alcohol, total acid and volatile organic acid, showed the highest values at a concentration of 12.5% NaCl, and those values were decreased with an increase in the salt concentration. The ratio of volatile organic acid to total organic acid was remained at approximately the same level within the range of salt concentrations between 12.5~22.0%, whereas the ratio was decreased at a salt concentration of 28.5%. After incubation for 16 days, 8 volatile organic acids, i.e. acetic, propionic, n-butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric, isocaproic, n-caproic, and heptanoic acids, were detected by gas chromatography. Among the volatile organic acids, acetic acid was produced in the appreciable amiunt and its ratio to the other volatile acids was increased with an increase in the salt concentration.A small amount of isocaproic, propionic, isobutyric and isovaleric acids were produced, and n-caproic, n-butyric and heptanoic acids were detected only at the lower salt concentration.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.236-240
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• 1999

The characteristics of natural lactic acid fermentation of radish juice were investigated at different salt concentrations (0~2%) and temperatures (10~3$0^{\circ}C$). Major lactic acid bacteria isolated from the radish juice fermented at 2% slat concentration were Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus brevis. The percentage of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe in the fermented radish juice was over 80% at 0~1% salt concentrations, suggesting the possibility of fermentation even at low salt concentration, but was still active even at 1$0^{\circ}C$. The time to reach pH 4.0 during fermentation of juice of 1% salt concentration was 281~301 hrs at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and 50-73 hrs at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of sucrose and glucose in the fermented juice were low at high temperatures and were the lowest at a 1.0% salt concentration. However, the content of mannitol showed the opposite trend. Although sour taste, ripened taste, and acidic odor of the fermented juice showed no significant differences among various temperatures and salt concentrations, sensory values of ripened taste and sour acidic were high at high temperatures. The overall quality was the best at 1.0% salt concentration, irrespective of the temperature.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2003

We studied the effect of Bamboo salt-pro on the growth and acid production of S. mutans. The growth of S.mutans was reduced by the presence of the Bamboo salt-pro (1 mg/ml) and NaCl (1 mg/ml) significantly, and the positive control group (1 % of NaF) also exhibited antibacterial activity significantly. Bamboo salt-pro (1 mg/ml) reduced the rate of acid production by S. mutans. Bamboo salt alone did not demonstrate such a reduction in acid production at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. The inhibitory action of Bamboo salt-pro on acid production was found at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, but bamboo salt alone was not at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Bamboo salt-pro on human mast cell line HMC-1. Bamboo salt-pro (0.1 and 0.01 mg/ml) inhibited significantly the secretion of inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-a with $59.47{\pm}0.15%$, $51.98{\pm}0.16%$ respectively. Our results suggest that Bamboo salt-pro importantly contributes to the prevention or treatment of periodontitis and other oral diseases and inflammatory diseases.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2011

진주담치에 기본양념, 데리야끼 양념과 매실양념으로 제조한 젓갈 3종의 일반성분을 분석하여 비교한 결과 수분과 조단백은 데리야끼 양념, 회분은 기본양념, 조지방은 매실 양념이 다소 높았다. 식염함량은 기본양념이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 아미노산을 분석한 결과 구성 아미노산 중 glutamic acid가 모든 시료에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 총 아미노산 함량의 경우 기본양념 젓갈이 9,169.48 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 주요 지방산은 포화지방산의 주체를 이룬 C16:0 (palmitic acid)가 대부분 많은 함량분포를 보였으며 첨가한 양념에 따라 지방산 조성에 따른 함량이 다소 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 시료별 관능검사는 모든 측정 항목에서 매설양념과 데리야끼 양념 젓갈에서 높은 점수를 받았으며, 유의성은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.513-518
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• 1995

To evaluate bile salt-tolerance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, Streptococcus thermnophilus KCTC 2185, Lactobacillus lactis ATCC 4797, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842), We investigated the survivals, acid production and $\beta $-galactosidase activity of LAB under anaerobic broth system. Cellular permeability of LAB and their cellular retention of $\beta $-galactosidase were also examined in the same system. Although the growth of LAB was slightly suppressed by 0.3% bile salt, they showed normal growth curve. Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 was significantly more resistant to bile salt than the others. The $\beta $-galactosidase activity from Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842 and their cellular retention of $\beta $-galactosidase decreased by 0.3% bile salt. The cellular permeability of LAB in the presence of bile salt increased significantly.