• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.475-481
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• 2010

Elution effect was studied by the reactions between Electric arc furnace(EAF)dust and conc. or dil. sulfuric acid for the purpose of recoverying of the useful metals afterwards. The methods of mixing with acids and EAF dust for the elutions were depend on the ratios of acid/EAF dust. Experimental results showed that increased the ratios of sulfuric acids, decreased the elution effects are on the Zn, Fe and Mn, and conc. sulfuric acid showed higher elution effects than dil. sulfuric acids for the all metals. But in case of Pb, dil. sulfuric acid showed higher elution effects than conc. sulfuric acids conversely. Furthermore, the reason of the extreamly low quantities of eluted Pb is caused by the low solubilities by sulfuric acids compared to the other metals, as the results of the insoluble Pb is removed by the process of filtering.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.319-323
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• 1989

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) was obtained from peritoneal cavity in rat treated with casein. Effects of divalent cations and drugs on leukotriene $B_4(LTB_4)$ formation from arachidonic acid in the PMNL were determined by HPLC assay. 5-Lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for $LTB_4$ formation from arachidonic acid, exhibited $V_{max}$ at $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, and $K_m$ at $9.89\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ of arachidonic acid. Optimal $Ca^{++}$ concentration for the enzyme activity was $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ but $Zn^{++}$ did not show any significant effects on the $LTB_4$ formation. Indomethacin and caffeic acid exhibited inhibitory effects on the $LTB_4$ formation at $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ and $4\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, respectively. However, 6-aminohexanoic acid did not show any significant effects on the $LTB_4$ formation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.383-385
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• 1999

Effects of temperature and initial pH of the medium on production of citric acid from cheese whey permeate by Aspergillus niger were investigated. A. niger was cultivated at four different temperatures (27, 30, 33, $36^{\circ}C$) and four different pHs (2, 3, 4, 5) for 15 days. During the fermentation the concentrations of lactose and citric acid in the culture broth were measured. The maximum production of citric acid which was 33.9 g/l (68.26% yield based on lactose utilized) was obtained at $33^{\circ}C$ and pH 3. The production of citric acid was not much affected by shaking speed. However, the shaking speed was found to influence the form of pellets during cell growth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 1997

One known effect of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is their ability to decrease plasma triglycerides. However, identification of the specific n-3 fatty acids and the underlying mechanisms responsible for this change remains uncertain. This present study was designed to evaluate the effects of moderate levels of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (22 :6(n-3)) on modulating plasma triglyderides. Male CD-1 mice were maintained for 15 days on identical diets containing either docosahexahexaenoic acid ethyl ester(1.5%, w/w) or linoleic acid(18 : 2(n-6)) ethyl ester (1.5%, w/w) . Plasma triglycerides were 40% lower in the docosahexaenoic acid group than in the linoleic acid group. Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity (a key regulatory enzyme for mitocondria $\beta$-oxidation) was not significantly different between the dietary groups. However, plasma acid soluble acylcarnitine levels (which increase with increasing $\beta$-oxidation )were significantly higher in the decosahexaenoic acid group. This data suggests that plasma triglyceride levels are lower in mice fed diets containing moderate levels of docosahexaenoic acid compared to linoleic acid, but this effect on plasma triglycerides is not modulated through an augmentation of mitochondrial $\beta$-oxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.839-850
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• 1993

This study investigated the hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects of linolenic acid derived from Korean perilla oil. The experimental rats(male, Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 5 groups using a Randomized Complete Block Design and fed one of the five following diets : DO*/O#. D4/O, D4/4, D4/8, or D4/20(D*/# represents the ratio of linoleic to linoenic acid as the percentage of total dietary energy intake) for 4 or 8 months. Bleeding time and whole blood clotting time were determined and the composition of serum and platelet lipids analyzed. Comparisons from the DO/O to the D4/20 group showed that serum lipids (total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol) gradually decreased with increasing linolenic acid intake - the hypolipidemic effect. The composition of platelet fatty acids[the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)/arachidonci aci(AA)] increased gradually with increasing linolenic acid intake. Higher linolenic acid intake increased bleeding time and whole blood clotting time, and decreased malondialdehyde(MDA) production in the platelets, though no significant differences. These results suggest that linolenic acid derived from perilla oil appears to suppress the conversion of linoleic acid to AA and the EPA transformed from linolenic acid appears to suppress the conversion of AA to TXA2. Since TXA2 is a platelet-aggregating and vasoconstricting agent, the redulction of TXA2 released by platelets with increasing intake of perilla oil containing a lot of linolenic acid confers an antithrombotic effect.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.295-304
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• 2023

Synbiotics help to improve gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while glyconutrients provide a source of energy for the gut bacteria and may also have immunemodulating effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of this combination on fatty acid and meat quality characteristics of growing pigs. In a five-week experiment, 804 growing three-way crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) pigs with an initial body weight of 31.90 ± 2.6 kg on average were assigned to two treatments: 1) CON (basal diet) and 2) TRT1 (basal diet + 0.3% glycozyme [synbiotics and glyconutrient]), each consisting of 402 pigs. The TRT1 groups showed significantly higher values of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), capric acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0), lauric acid (C12:0), elaidic acid (C18:1, t), pentadecylic acid (C15:0), gondoic acid (C20:1), lignoceric acid (C24:0), and omega-6 : omega-3 in fat than the CON groups. Moreover, in the lean tissues of the pig, the levels of C12:0, C14:0, C17:0, and C20:1 were significantly higher in TRT1 than in CON. However, significant differences were not observed after glycozyme addition in pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, longissimus muscle area, drip loss, meat color, and sensory evaluation parameters. To conclude, the positive results of the fatty acid composition indicate that glycozyme may be an effective pig feed additive.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.442-449
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• 2019

This study sought to evaluate the effects of Asiatic acid in LPS-induced BV2 microglia cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine ($MPP^+$)-induced SH-SY5Y cells, to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Asiatic acid in Parkinson's disease (PD). SH-SY5Y cells were induced using $MPP^+$ to establish as an in vitro model of PD, so that the effects of Asiatic acid on dopaminergic neurons could be examined. The NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in BV2 microglia cells to explore potential mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of Asiatic acid. We showed that Asiatic acid reduced intracellular production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential to regulate mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia cells. We additionally found that treatment with Asiatic acid directly improved SH-SY5Y cell viability and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by $MPP^+$. These data demonstrate that Asiatic acid both inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by downregulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species directly to protect dopaminergic neurons from, and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells, which were established as a model of Parkinson's disease. Our finding reveals that Asiatic acid protects dopaminergic neurons from neuroinflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia cells as well as protecting dopaminergic neurons directly. This suggests a promising clinical use of Asiatic acid for PD therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2003

The effects of different rumen protected forms, oleamide, Ca oleate, of dietary oleic acid on the carcass quality and fatty acid composition in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissues of Hanwoo steer were examined. Sixty, 25 month old Hanwoo steers divided into three groups were fed no supplement (Control), 2% of oleamide (Oleamide) or Ca-oleate (Ca-Oleate) in their diet for 45 or 90 days. Disappearance rates of oleic acid supplements in digestive tracts (Rumen bypass, abomasal and intestinal disappearance rate) were 48.5, 68.4 for oleamide and Ca oleate, respectively. Both oleic acid supplements affected feed intake, growth rate, cold carcass weight and carcass fatness. Live weight gain, carcass weight, backfat thickness and marbling score were higher in the oleic acid supplemented steers compared with those from the control. Oleic acid supplements increased marbling score and ether extract in Hanwoo steer m. logissi thoracicmus. Rumen protected oleic acid increased not only the level of oleic acid but also polyunsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissue. Total saturated fatty acid contents in both fat tissues were decreased whereas total unsaturated fatty acid content was increased compared with those from control. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly higher in Ca oleate than any other steers. Lipid metabolites in blood were increased in rumen protected oleic acid treatments. HDL content in blood was increased in Ca-oleate supplemented steers whereas LDL was decreased compared with control. The changes of fatty acid compositions in the rumen protected oleic acid supplemented steers suggest that the oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid were protected from rumen biohydrogenation and can be deposited in the fat tissues.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.434-438
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• 1998

The antioxidant effects of 700 ppm ginseng extract, 100ppm caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, or ${\alpha}-topherol$ on the 1% linoleic acid aqueous buffer system was studied by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and headspace oxygen. The compounds showed antioxidant activities in the following order: $caffeic\;acid{\geq}ferulic\;acid\;>\;{\alpha}-tocopherol$>ginseng extract>vanillic acid, with the oxidation inhibition ratio of 63.5, 62.9, 52.3, 51.2 and 5.6% of the control according to MDA results. The mixture of 100 ppm caffeic acid, 100 ppm ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and 700 ppm ginseng extract had a high oxidation inhibition ratio of 91.2%. Headspace oxygen results had a similar trend with the MDA results. Headspace oxygen results showed that the antioxidant activities were in order of ferulic acid>caffeic acid>${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ginseng extract>vanillic acid and headspace oxygen contents were 18.56, 17.78, 17.17, 16.65 and 15.95%, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 1989

The various esters of 20R and 20S-dihydroprednisolonic acid were prepared and evaluated for their local and topical anti-inflammatory activities in rats, including systemic effects. It was demonstrated that the size of the substituent at C-21 and configurational arrangement at C-20 have significant effects on local and topical activity. It was also found that all the derivatives did not show systemic effects as accessed by thymus weight and adrenal weight at the dose level used, while prednisolone showed profound effects on thymus weight.