• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2017

The amino acid composition of rice is a major concern of rice breeders because amino acids are among the most important nutrient components in rice. In this study, a genetic map was constructed with a population of 134 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Dasanbyeo (Tongil-type indica) and TR22183 (temperate japonica), as a means to detect the main and epistatic effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the amino acid content (AAC). Using a linkage map which covered a total of 1458 cM based on 239 molecular marker loci, a total of six main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) was identified for the content of six amino acids that were mapped onto chromosome 3. For all the M-QTLs, the TR22183 allele increased the trait values. The QTL cluster (flanked by id3015453 and id3016090) on chromosome 3 was associated with the content of five amino acids. The phenotypic variation, explained by the individual QTLs located in this cluster, ranged from 10.2 to 12.4%. In addition, 26 epistatic QTLs (Ep-QTLs) were detected and the 25 loci involved in this interaction were distributed on all nine chromosomes. Both the M-QTLs and Ep-QTLs detected in this study will be useful in breeding programs which target the development of rice with improved amino acid composition.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2013

The quality and quantity of food organisms in fish seed production are important. The marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata are used as initial food organisms in the field. We investigated the effects of salinity (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 psu) on the lipid and fatty acid composition of N. oculata. Cultivation of N. oculata at varying salinities showed the highest growth rate at 20 psu. Total lipid content ranged from 17.26 to 18.63% at salinities from 0 to 50 psu). The nonpolar lipid content increased markedly at 30 psu and was highest at 15.55%. The polar lipid content was lowest at 30 psu, by 84.45%. It was also found that the omega-3 and EPA contents were inversely proportional to salt concentration. For the polar and nonpolar lipid compositions, there was no significant effect of salinity. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content especially the content of EPA in the seawater larvae is the essential fatty acid in this food organism. It is thus advantageous to culture N. oculata at 20 psu.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.641-645
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• 1990

In order to study the influence of culture conditions on cell growth and lipid formation by Mucor sp, various carbon and nitrogen sources initial pH and C./N ratio of medium were investigated. Glucose was found to be suitable carbon source in terms of lipid yield and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid(GLA) content. When NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 were used as nitrogen source lipid content was high(19-21%) but GLA content was low(15-17%) On the other hand when NaNO3 and KNO3 were used lipid content was low(about 13%) but GLA content was high(22-23%). The highest production of lipid was obtained at a C/N ratio of 40 using glucose and (NH4)2SO4 as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. it was found that lipid yield was high at pH4.6 Also this fungus did not grow at 35$^{\circ}C$ and lipid yield was highr at 15$^{\circ}C$ than $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 1969

This experimental was undertaken for the purpose to investigate the different chemical composition in developing fruit of Poncirus trifoiata. In the first place, the differences among the content of tannin and qualitative analysis of free sugars and organic acids in the fruit of Poncirus trifoiata fron Kwang-ju are to be investigated and chemical components are analyzed. 1) The differences of the content of tannin are investigated at the four periods of time and gradual decrease in the sample 2 (July 15) take place. 2) In sample 1 (June 20), xylose, mannose and rhamnose are not identified and later, as the fruit age, otehr three sorts of sugars with the former are founded and there is a conspicuous tendency to increase in the content and especially the increase in glucose and rhamnose seems to be related with the decomposition of tannin, while the decrease in the former from sample 2 to sample 4 with the formation of the latter. 3) Tartaric acid, succinic acid and citric acid are appeared and then in sample 1 (June 20( these are not founded and later all of them are identified and gradual increase in the content take place and especially citric acid and succinic acid seems to be increased in the content. These are related with the synthesis of organic materials in plant body.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the applicability of dried jujube (Zizypui Fructus) distributed by size as a functional food material and herbal medicine by evaluating its physicochemical characteristics and betulinic acid content. Methods and Results: It was shown that the carbohydrate content of in jujube fruit significantly increased with fruit size; 81.42% for large, 79.83% for medium, and 76.39% for small. Similarly, the dilute ethanol extract content of each group was 72.48% (large), 69.56% (medium), and 64.16% (small). A free sugar analysis indicated that glucose, fructose and sucrose were found in quantitieds proportional to jujube fruit size, the total free sugar values were 68.85%, 63.93%, and 57.37% for large, medium, and small fruit sizes respectively. The betulinic acid content for large, medium, and small fruit was 0.50 mg/g, 0.54 mg/g, and 0.58 mg/g respectively, indicating that smaller jujube contained a higher amount of betulinic acid. Conclusions: It is considered that betulinic acid content could be used as a criteria for jujube fruit quality control.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권s01호
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• pp.98-114
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the status and prospects of seed quality researches in rapeseed. Rapeseed Quality was mainly related to oil and protein content, fatty acid composition and glucosinolate content. Hence, breeding for improvement of rapeseed Quality has been emphasized as follows: 1) inheritance mode, 2) investigation of germplasm, 3) establishment of analysis technique, 4) establishment of selection method, 5) idealization of cultural technique. The oil quality is determined by its fatty acids. Fatty acids have been determined by gas chromatography. To improve oil quality was emphasized for zero erucic acid, the highest possible linoleic acid and the lowest possible linolenic acid content. Rapeseed meal is not considered as top quality feed ingredient although it has higher protein content and well-balanced amino acid composition. This is mainly because of the presence of considerable amounts of glucosinolates. Thus the reduction of glucosinolate content in rapeseed meal is of great importance. In breeding for meal quality, low glucosinolate lines (plants) were selected and analyzed by gas chromatography and UV-spectrophotometer. Current problems and future researches of rapeseed quality in Korea are 1) improvement of researcher's number and facilities, 2) depression of animal feeding trials, 3) unsatisfied relationship between research and manufacturing and products field, 4) improvement of fertility for yellow and thin seed coat lines crossed between mustard and rapeseed, 5) establishment of new rapid analysing system for rapeseed quality.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1991

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, amino acids and fatty acids contents and changes of physicochemical characteristics of each oil extracted from Spanish and Virginia type peanuts grown in Korea roasted at 110, 120, 130 and 14$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 minutes. 1. The moisture contents of raw Spanish and Virginia type peanuts were 6.5~6.8% respectively. The crude ash and reduced sugar contents of raw Spanish and Virginia type peanuts were 2.3% and 16.5% and the crude protein content was 27.0% in Spanish type peanuts and was aproximately 1% higher than in Virginia type peanut. The protein content was 25.7%~26.7% in Virginia type peanut roasted at 110, 120, 130 and 14$0^{\circ}C$. The crude fat content of Virginia type peanut was 46.0% which was aproximately 1% higher than that of Spanish type. But four kinds of oils content were 51.3%~51.8% in Spanish type peanut roasted at 110, 120, 130 and 14$0^{\circ}C$, which was about 2% higher than those of Virginia type. 2. Amino acids existed in peanut were glutamie acid, arginine, aspartic acid, leucine, glycine, phenylalanine, proline-lysine, tyrosine, valine and isoleucine, etc mainly. But methionine and threonine contents were very low. The content of glutamic acid was the highest in 71.6-81.7mg among amino acids. Glutamic acid content of Virginia type peanut was about 12% higher than that of Spanish type peanut. Total amino acid content was 441.8mg/g in Virginia type peanut and that was 16% higher than that of Spanish type peanut. The lysine content of Spanish and Virginia type peanuts roasted at 14$0^{\circ}C$ were 24% and 13%, these were lower than those of peanuts roasted at 11$0^{\circ}C$. 3. Main fatty acids of raw Spanish and Virginia type peanut oils were oleic(40.99-46.58%), linoleic(33.21-38.82%) and palmitic acid(9.72-11.58). Linoleic acid content of raw Virginia type peanuts was 5.6% higher than that of raw Spanish type peanut. And the oleic acid content of Spanish and Virginia type peanuts roasted at 11$0^{\circ}C$, 12$0^{\circ}C$, 13$0^{\circ}C$ and 14$0^{\circ}C$ was 50-53% and 41-43% respectively. Linoleic acid content of Spanish and Virginia type peanuts roasted at same temperatures as the former was about 28-31% and 37-38% respectively. That linoleic acid content of roasted peanuts was lower than that of raw peanuts. Linoleic acid content of raw and roasted Virginia type peanut, were higher than that of Spanish type peanuts. 4. Acid value and peroxide value of oils extracted from roasted Spanish and Virginia type peanuts were much higher than those of oils extracted from raw peanuts. The maximum AVs of oils extracted from Spanish and Virginia type roasted peanuts were samples roasted at 12$0^{\circ}C$and those AVs were 0.50 and 0.63 respectively. And the maximum POVs of oils extracted from Spanish and Virginia type roasted peanuts were samples roasted at 12$0^{\circ}C$ also and those POVs were 26.8 and 32.8 meq/kg. oil respectively. Acid value and peroxide value of oils extracted from roasted peanuts were increased with increasing the roasting temperatures from 11$0^{\circ}C$ to 12$0^{\circ}C$, then decreased, while TBA values were increased continuously with increasing the roasting temperatures.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1982

한국산(韓國産) 녹두(綠豆)(Phaseolus aureus)의 성숙단계별(成熟段階別) 지방산(脂肪酸)의 함량변화(含量變化)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 개화후(開花後) 10일(日), 15일(日), 20日, 25일(日), 30일(日)의 5단계(段階)로 채취하여 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. (1) 조지방(粗脂肪)의 함량(含量)은 숙성(成熟)이 진행됨에 따라 증가(增加)하였다. (2) 녹두(綠豆)의 성숙과정중(成熟過程中) 나타나는 지방산(脂肪酸)은 myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 linolenic acid 등이다. (3) myristic acid, palmitic acid는 성분(成熟) 이후에서는 거의 나타나지 않았다. (4) 총(總) 지방산중(脂肪酸中) linoleic acid 함량이 가장 많고 oleic acid, linolenic acid는 거의 비슷한 함량(含量)을 보였다. (5) 성숙과정중(成熟過程中) 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸) 대(對) 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)은 16-19/81-84%의 비율(比率)로 함유(含有)되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2000

설탕 20%를 탄소원으로 하고, 동아를 15%, 20%, 25%로 달리하여 효모를 가해 5~1$0^{\circ}C$에서 100일간 발효시켜서 동아주를 제조하였다. 총당은 동아함량 15%짜리는 8.0%, 20%짜리는 8.6%. 25%짜리는 8.3%를 나타냈고, 환원당은 15%짜리는 7.4%, 20%짜리는 7.6%, 25%짜리는 7.4%를 나타냈다. 단백질 함량은 동아함량 15%짜리는 10.3mg/ml, 20%짜리는 9.8mg/ml, 25%짜리는 11.3mg/ml를 나타냈고, 아미노산 함량은 동아함량 15%짜리는 0.13$\mu$mo1/ml, 20%짜리는 0.03$\mu$mo1/ml, 25%짜리는 0.03$\mu$mo1/ml을 나타냈다. pH는 동아함량15%짜리는 3.88, 20%짜리는 3.99, 25%짜리는 3.97을 나타냈고, 산도는 15%짜리는 0.37%, 20%짜리는 0.44%, 25%짜리는 0.43%를 나타냈다. 균체수는 동아함량 15%짜리는 8.33logCFU/ml, 20%짜리는 8.56 logCFU/ml, 25%짜리는 8.57 log CFU/ml를 나타냈다. 에탄올 함량은 동아함량 15%짜리는 13.4%, 20%짜리는 14.9%, 25%짜리는 15.5%를 나타냈다. 숙신산 함량은 1,407~1,800mg/l 범위를 나타냈으며, 모두 acetic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, lactic acid의 순으로 많은 양을 나타냈다. 기호도는 동아함량 15짜리는 3.93, 20%짜리는 3.66, 25%짜리는 3.40을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2003

본 연구는 뜰보리수의 영양성분 및 생리활성 물질의 조사 및 기능성 식품의 개발에 대한 연구의 일환으로 완숙된 열매의 영양성분을 분석하였다. 뜰보리수의 수분함량은 82.34%이었고, 탄수화물, 조단백질, 조지방 및 회분의 함량은 각각 15.4, 1.29, 0.79, 0.54%이었다. 과즙의 pH와 적정산도는 각각 3.29, 0.64%이었으며, 당도는 14.0 Brix이었다. 환원당과 총당의 함량은 각각 1.03, 3.27 g/100g이었고, 수용성단백질의 함량은 0.48g/100g이었으며, 폴리페놀의 함량은 0.28g/100g이었다. 유리당인 glucose와 fructose의 함량은 각각 401.96, 370.34 mg/100g으로 대부분을 차지하였고, 총 유리당의 함량은 781.44mg/100g이었다. 유기산인 citric, malic, succinic acid의 함량은 각각 265.01, 18.16, 8.50 mg/100g이었고, 총 유기산의 함량은 294.44mg/100g이었다. 유리아미노산중에서는 serine과 alanine의 함량이 각각 13.93, 13.16mg/100g으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 aspartic acid, cystine, methionine등이 비교적 높은 함량을 보였다. Phosphoetolamine, $\beta$-alanine의 함량은 각각 13.93, 13.16mg/100g으로 높았다. 그리고 총 아미노산 및 유사물질의 함량은 94.13mg/100g이었다. 환원형 비타민 C의 함량은 131.35mg/100g이었고, 산화형 비타민 C의 함량은 431.37mg/100g이었다. 무기질 성분 중에 칼륨, 마그네슘, 나트륨의 함량이 각각 1627.44, 140.28, 56.70mg/100g으로 높게 분석되었다.