• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2010

TV news anchor woman's appearance, voice, expression, and clothing, etc., have an influence on the reliability of the article to be reported. Among these, clothing is the most crucial factor in forming an anchor woman's image, especially the clothing color factor. This study is aimed at providing the basic foundation for anchor woman when they select the clothing color by analyzing the clothing color image on the screen. For this purpose, the KBS and MBC 9 o'clock news desk and SBS 8 o'clock news of the local major news programs were selected. With the collection of 300 pieces of news clips related to anchor woman's clothing from January to December 2008, they were classified into F/W seasons and analyzed by the clothing color. The surveying method of clothing color was to capture the anchor woman's clothing among the news clips, then pick the representing color by applying Adobe Photoshop, and researching the formed $L^*a^*b^*$ value of color chips. The surveyed color was transformed into value of distant cell, H V/C, and the results were analyzed. As a result, it showed that the White system for anchor woman's clothing during the S/S seasons is most frequently picked, followed by the Red system. In F/W seasons, Gray system is the most favored, then White and Red, respectively. It was revealed that the most frequently selected colors for upper-wear by anchor women in the three broadcasting stations was an achromatic color, such as White or Gray, and then the chromatic color, Red. It shows that there is no big difference in season. The Inner-wear color matched the jackets which were also achromatic in color, white and black being the most favored in the S/S seasons, and in the case of chromatic colors, Red was the most favored. In addition to this, identical coloration with jacket, coloration with similar color, or single color as clothing color were no less frequently adopted. During the F/W seasons, identical coloration accounts for 26%, the most popular colored being White and Red. It was found that the coloration with achromatic colors are highly favored in the three major broadcasting stations alike.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.103-121
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information to improve competitiveness of Korean fashion brands in the Chinese fashion market by taking photos of street styles in Seoul that is the hub of Korean fashion and in Dalian, the northeastern district where Korean fashion brands are launched as a test market China to compare and analyze the clothing colors preferred mostly by young women in their twenties and thirties who have the highest purchasing power. The study methods used literature review and empirical study simultaneously. Dalian and Seoul are two fashion cities in northeast of China and Korea where street fashion was photographed. Clothing colors that were mainly worn by young women in their twenties and thirties were qualitatively analyzed using the photos taken. Color analysis was based on the Munsell Color Order System to grasp general preferences of colors on the basis of previous researches, and color tones were based on the ISCC-NBS System. In order to grasp the basic materials on Seoul, the Korean fashion city and Dalian, the northeastern fashion city in China, street fashion styles of 2010/11 F/W season were compared and analyzed. As a result, black and deep tone PB color appeared most frequently. The vivid and strong tone of R, YR, Y color showed high frequency of clothing colors. For the top wear, women in both areas preferred similar tones in the YR color category and Dalian women preferred vivider and brighter S tones in the R color category. For the bottom wear, women in both areas highly preferred achromatic colors and colors in the PB color category. For bags, women in both areas preferred black and colors in the YR color category. Finally, for the shoes, while women in both areas preferred black in the achromatic color category, they showed different color preferences in the chromatic color category. R color categories were preferred by the women in Seoul and the YR color categories were preferred by the women in Dalian. Conclusively, women in both cities highly preferred achromatic colors especially black for the top and bottom wear, bags, and shoes. It may reflect their desire to look refined and slender through colors. Moreover, continuous and steady research on fashion trends in Seoul and Dalian may have positive effects on Korean fashion businesses that plan to be launched in China, the area of competition for global brands.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.392-400
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• 2001

This paper proposes an illuminant estimation algorithm that estimates the spectral power distribution of an incident light source from a single image. The proposed illumination recovery procedure has two phases. First, the surface spectral reflectances are recovered in the maximum achromatic region (MAR) which is the most achromatic and highly bright region of an image after removing partially the effect of illumination using a modified gray world algorithm. Here, the surface reflectances of MAR are estimated using the principal component analysis method along with a set of given 1269 Munsell samples. Second, the Population of reflected lights is determined with 1269 Munsell samples and a set of illuminations then the spectral distribution of re(looted lights of MAR is selected from the spectral database. That is, color differences are compared between the reflected lights of the MAR and the spectral database, which is the set of reflected lights built by the given set of Munsell samples and illuminants. Then the closest colors from the spectral database are selected. Finally, the illuminant of an image can be calculated dividing the average spectral distributions of reflected lights of MAR by the average surface reflectances of the MAR. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, experiments with artificial scenes, which are exposed to chromatic illuminants, were performed and the spectral distribution of estimated illumination and color difference are compared with results of the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.62-77
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• 2008

This study aims to analyze color characteristics centered by women's suit styles that represent masculinity remarkably. Through this, it figures out color's type and continuance availability as a representing tool to express masculinity to provide useful color information which can be applied effectively to various color planning. For this research, related images were collected among women's pants suits appeared in $2004{\sim}2006's$ Paris, London, New York and Milan collection F/W that are most similar to modern man's suit. Among them, the study analyzes 319 pictures where the features of masculinity were represented effectively. The referred color values were earned by converting $L^*a^*b^*$ values measured through the color extracting tool of Computer program (Adobe Photoshop CS) and color tone characteristic were analyzed by classifying 12 color PCCS and 5 achromatic colors. The result of the study are as follows: First, based on standard of color hue and tone, in terms of color hue, PB, YR, Y were frequently shown up but G, BG series were not found much after analyzing overall women's pants suit color characteristics shown in $2004{\sim}2006$ Paris, London, New York and Milan collection. Second, the color analysis about 3years of $2004{\sim}2006$ tells that achromatic colors have been most widely used in every year. In terms of color hue, PB, YR, Y series were appeared most popular and G, BG classes weren't appeared frequently. In addition, once looking at yearly color tone distribution trend, like overall color tone distribution result, Bk, w, dkg, g, p were highly used as sequential and b, v, dp, sf, ItGy series show low distribution level. And such a distribution level of low and high in frequency has been showed continuously as a similar style. Accordingly, through the study, as a tool to express masculinity in women's suit, achromatic colors like black and white series and PB, YR, Y series color were investigated as most popular uses. And as color tones, Bk, w, dkg, g, p were used frequently.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.241-260
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• 2017

A multitude of neologisms has entered the lexicon of modern Chinese society as a reflection of the changes modern Chinese society has undergone, and amid this trend, a variety of color terms has emerged. However, these neologisms of color terms in modern Chinese society are used somewhat differently from their roots. First, the achromatic color terms used in Chinese neologisms include black, white, and gray. The significance criteria generally used in these neologisms of color terms only partially express their meaning in the modern Chinese language. Second, the frequency usage of significant criteria of color terms that have emerged in Chinese neologisms reveals a relative distribution between color terms referring to black and white. The color term "black" is the most active neologism to connote its expanded meaning, followed by its basic meaning. However, the color term "white" is most actively used to connote its basic meaning, followed by its expanded meaning. Third, among the achromatic color terms used in Chinese neologisms, black and gray exhibit expansion of meaning. For example, in the context of neologisms, the color term "black" is used to symbolize "in disaster areas" and "socially discriminated against," while "gray" is used to symbolize the "social aspect."

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.81-84
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• 2001

In this paper, we proposed a digital watermarking for color still image using the characteristics of human visual system and the achromatic block information. We use a binary watermark signal and insert watermark signal in the chromatic component region of YCrCb color space. In order to extract the watermark signal, we extracted the watermark signal by presuming that modified pattern of chromatic saturation without using original an image. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking method has a good performance to embed watermark signal and extract one.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.270-271
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• 2003

lens를 통과하는 두 광선(paraxial ray, marginal ray)이 lens의 축이나 focal plane과 만나는 지점이 서로 일치하지 않을 때, 두 개의 서로 다른 교차점 사이의 거리나 높이를 종, 횡 구면수차 (Lateral, Longitudinal Spherical aberration)이라 한다. 수차의 크기는 lens의 굽어짐 (bending)형태에 따라 달라지는데 3차 근사 lens 공식으로 유도한 식은 다음과 같으며, 그 결과의 그래프는 그림.1 과 같다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.160-163
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• 2004

LUTCHI와 새로이 수집된 CII-Kwak 데이터를 이용하여 테스트한 결과 CIECAM02를 비롯해 현재까지 개발된 주된 color appearance model들이 몇 가지 중요한 color appearance 현상들을 설명하지 못한다는 것이 발견되었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기위해 새로이 개발된 Kwak03 모델이 소개되었다. Kwak03 모델은 CIECAM02에 기초하고 있으나 achromatic signal에서 cone 신호들의 비율, dynamic response 함수 등 많은 면에서 큰 차이를 보인다. LUTCHI 및 CII-Kwak 데이터를 사용한 테스트 결과 Kwak03가 테스트된 모델들 중 특히 dark surround 하에서 휘도 및 배경색의 변화에 따른 색변화 예측에서 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

We discuss main techniques to improve legibility of electroluminescent displays. Emphasis is placed on use of destructive optical interference to cancel ambient light reflected from the back electrode of the device. Basic optical principles and material composition of the optical interference contrast-enhancing stack (CES) are presented. We also describe the improved human factors of electroluminescent devices assisted with a CES. Achromatic contrast is the most important contributor to display's legibility. In some conditions color contrast may also be important. Contributing to both luminance and color contrast enhancement, the contrast-enhancing stack may play an important role in various display applications.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.583-591
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• 2018

This study investigated the current production of women's sportswear tights among a total of 813 yoga, gym and training tights on the market to provide basic data for the development of women's sportswear tight tops. The results found the following: First, according to the analysis of women's sportswear tight tops by brand, polyester, nylon and polyurethane were most used. In addition, elastic, breathable and quick-dry, sweat absorbent products were commonly found. In terms of design, crew neck and sleeveless styles were popular. In addition, mesh was frequently applied to the top of the chest and upper part of the back. The size was mostly marked in S, M and L, and the size range was very large by brand. For color, achromatic color was most common. In terms of price, 'KRW 50,000-100,000' was frequently found. Second, yoga tights were compared to gym & training wear. In the case of yoga tights, elastic, various products in diverse design (e.g., crew neck, sleeveless, long sleeve, etc.) and colors (e.g., red, black, etc.) made of breathable and water-absorbing fabric were most produced. In particular, a combination of mesh materials was common. In gym and training wear, crew neck and short-sleeve styles in achromatic color made of elastic, breathable and quick-dry, seat absorbing fabric were most produced.