• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 및 심포지움
• /
• pp.137-137
• /
• 2002

Several epidemiologidal studies suggested that arsenic exposure was strongly correlated with the development of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In order to examine whether arsenic affects vasomotor tone in blood vessels, we investigated the effect of arsenic on agonist-induced vasorelaxation using the isolated rat aortic ring in in vitro organ bath system. Treatment with arsenite inhibited acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aortic rings in a concentration- dependent manner. The inhibitory effects by arsenic were also observed in the relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside, a NO-donor. Consistent with these findings, the cGMP levels stimulated by acetylcholine in blood vessels were reduced significantly by arsenite treatment. In addition, higher concentration of arsenite decreased the relaxation by 8-Br-cGMP, a cGMP analog, in aortic rings without endothelium. These in vitro results indicated that arsenite that arsenite was capable of suppressing acetylcholine-induced relaxation in blood vessels by inhibiting production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells and by impairing the relaxation machinary in smooth muscle cells. In vivo studies revealed that the reduction of blood pressure by acetylcholine infusion was signigicantly suppressed after arsenite was administered intravenously to rate. These data suggest that vasomotor tone impaired by arsenite exposure may be one of the contrbuting factors in development of cardiovascular disease.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 1999

Diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, is relatively highly toxic to fish and causes vertebral malformation and behavioral change of fish at relatively low concentrations. To elucidate biochemical mechanism of the behavioral change of Oryzias latipes (killifish) caused by diazinon, the effect of the insecticide on acetylcholine esterase activities and the levels of some neurotransmitters were evaluated. Acetylcholine esterase activities in both head and body were significantly lowered at the concentration of 10 ppb of diazinon and acetylcholine contents in head tended to be upregulated with increasing concentration of diazinon. Exposure of killifish to 5000 ppb diazinon resulted in gradual decrease in acetylcholine content in body part with exposure time. Norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations in killifish head and body were highest at 1000 ppb of diazinon while neurotransmitter were relatively low in fish unexposed or exposed to lower dose of the pesticide, suggesting that increased norepinephrine and serotonin can partially account for diazinon-induced behavioral abnormality.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 1983

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are reported to enhance the amylase release from isolated slices of pancreas in vitro and the mode of action of aminoglycosides on amylase release is considered different from those of acetylcholine or cholecystokinin(CCK), i.e., electronmicroscopically intact zymogen granules are appeared in the lumen of pancreatic acini by treatment of aminoglycosides. It is known that atropine blocks the secretagogue effect of acetylcholine, and phenoxybenzamine is reported to block the effects of CCK or its analogue caerulein. Present study was undertaken to investigate the mode of action of aminoglycosides on the amylase release using atropine, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol as a membrane stabilizing agent in slices of chicken pancreas. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Streptomycin and kanamycin increased the amylase release significantly from slices of chicken pancreas. 2) The effect of streptomycin was inhibited by atropine but not by phenoxybenzamine or propranolol. 3) The amylase release by acetylcholine was blocked by atropine tut the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8) was not influenced by atropine, phenoxybenzamine or propranolol. 4) Pretreatment of streptomycin enhanced the secretagogue effect of acetylcholine or CCK-8. From these results it is suggested that amylase releasing effects of aminoglycosides are mediated in part by cholinergic stimulation and in part by membrane alteration and these effects are enhanced by acetylcholine or cholecystokinin.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.1236-1242
• /
• 2002

In order to make an efficient prescription and cope with dementia, learning and memory functions of Sprague-Dawley model rats were tested with Morris water maze. And to evaluate the effect of the sample drug(CHM) on choline acetyltranferase and acetylcholine esterase, immunoreactive measurement and enzymatic activity measuring were carried out. Rats were injected with ibotenic acid through hippocampus CA1 and CA3 area. The results are as following. CHM improves the learning ability in the acquisition test and memory function in the retention test significantly. And CHM increases the level of AChE which is resolving acetylcholine. Though it doesn't increase the level of ChAT significantly which is synthesizing acetylcholine, but it shows the tendency of increase. So these results show that CHM improve the cholinergic catabolism and anabolism, and the increment of metabolic activity of cholinergic system. Thus it can be concluded that CHM will be helpful to cholinergic brain disease induced by primary or senile reduction of acetylcholine secretive activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2000

TEA, glibenclamide, L-NAME and SKF 525A-induced reversible contraction were investigated using acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and pinacidil in rat abdominal and thoracic aorta. Acetylcho-line, SNP or pinacidil produced in a dose dependent manner relaxation on phenylephrine-induced contraction In rat aorta. TEA, SKF 525A, and L-NAME produced reversible contractions on acetylcholine-induced relaxation, but not on SNP- or pinacidil-induced relaxation. Glibenclamide significantly produced reversible con- traction on pinacidll-induced relaxation. The reversible effect of TEA on the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was reduced by SKF 525A. These results indicate that the acetylcholine-induced relaxation may be mediated by NO, cytochrome P$_{450}$-dependent epoxygenase pathway, or $Ca^{2+}$ activated $K^{+}$ channel, and the pinacidil-induced relaxation may be mediated by ATP-sensitive $K^{+}$ channel.annel.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.111-111
• /
• 1995

1. 혈압 및 맥박 실험 Acetylcholine과 상엽 수층분획을 단독으로 정맥에 투여한 경우 각각에서 농도 의존적으로 일시적인 혈압 강하 효과가 나타났고 빈맥 현상이 관찰되었다. Nitric Oxide 합성효소 억제제인 N$^{G}$ -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester(10 mg/kg I. v)를 전처리한 경우 위 두 약물에 의한 혈압강하효과는 공히 증가되어졌다. 또한 두 약물에 의한 혈압강하 효과는 Atropine Sulfate(1 mg/kg i.v) 전처리로 완전히 차단되었다. Cholinesterase 억제제인 Physostigmine (0.05 mg/kg i.v) 전처리는 상엽의 혈압강하 효과에 아무런 영향을 나타내지 못하였다. 2. 장관 실험 Acetylcholine과 상엽 수층분획을 organ bath에 첨가한 경우 각각에서 농도 의존적으로 장관 수축력을 증가시켰다. 혈압반응에서와 같이 장관실험에서도 두 약물에 의한 장관 수축력의 증가는 Atropine Sulfate(1$\times$$10^{-5}$ M)의 존재하에서는 완전히 차단되어졌다. 이상의 결과로부터 상엽 수층분획은 Acetylcholine과 유사한 작용을 지닌 물질을 함유하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.357-366
• /
• 2004

We studied the effect of propofol (PPF) on the endothelium-dependent vascular responses in isolated rat thoracic aorta. In aortic rings with endothelium, PPF inhibited the phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. In PE-precontracted preparations, PPF attenuated the endothelium-dependent relaxation by acetylcholine but not by A23187. And PPF did not attenuate the endothelium-independent relaxation by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The relaxation induced by acetylcholine in PE-precontracted aortic rings was significantly augmented by zaprinast, a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and this augmentation was inhibited by PPF. Although SNP-induced relaxation was significantly augmented by zaprinast, this augmentation was not inhibited by PPF. In preparations preconstricted with PE, the PPF-induced relaxation was inhibited by atropine. In addition, PPF attenuated the vasorelaxation by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (IBMX, Ro20-1724 or zaprinast except milrinone). In vivo, the infusion of acetylcholine and SNP showed decreased arterial blood pressure in rats. The pre-injection of PPF inhibited the acetylcholine-induced blood pressure lowering, but not the SNP-induced blood pressure lowering. These results suggest that PPF can attenuate in part the acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and blood pressure lowering through the inhibition of the acetylcholine receptor-mediated endothelium-derived relaxing factor by acting on endothelium. It is considered that the inhibitory effect of PPF on the vasorelaxation is due to the decreased level of cGMP which can be attributed to the inhibition of the muscarinic receptor and/or receptor-G-protein interaction.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2004

초석잠 메탄올 추출물이 뇌신경전달물질과 관련이 있는 acetylcholine esterase, monoamine oxidase 및 xanthine oxidase의 활성억제효과에 대하여 실험하였다. 실험관내에서 초석잠 추출물을 각각 100 및 200mg/kg씩 첨가한 다음 실험한 결과 첨가농도가 증가할수록 과산화지질의 생성을 억제하여 용량 의존형으로 나타났다. 쥐를 대상으로 20일간 투여한 동물실험에서는 초석잠 추출물 100 mg/kg을 식이에 혼합하여 투여한 결과 지질 과산화의 생성을 억제하였다. Acetylcholine esterase의 활성의 경우 초석잠 추출물을 100 mg/kg 투여한 결과 대조군에 비하여 효소활성이 23.11%로 억제되었고, monoamine oxidase 및 xanthine oxidase 활성이 각각 21.93% 및 63.58%로 억제되었다. 그리고 초석잠 추출물을 100 mg/kg을 투여한 경우 xanthine dehydrogenase로부터 xanthine oxidase로의 형전환비율은 28%로 현저하게 억제되었다. 또한, Xanthine dehydrogenase로부터 oxidase로의 형전환비율을 실험한 결과 정상상태에 비하여 억제됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.493-500
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurotransmitters and the source of $Ca^{2+}$ in the effects of neurotransmitters on the motility of pig oviductal isthmic smooth muscle. The motility of the isolated smooth muscle was recorded by using physiological recording system. The results were summarized as follows; Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine and prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ caused the contraction and the contractile responses were increased in a dose-dependent manner from the concentration of $10^{-7}$ to $10^{-4}M$. The maximum contractility of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was 65.99, 28.66, 83.99 and 47.33% of 100 mM K contraction, respectively. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine$(10^{-6}M)$ was completely blocked by the pretreatment with cholinergic receptor blocker, atropine$(10^{-6}M)$, the contractile response induced by norepinephrine$(10^{-5}M)$ was blocked by the pretreatment with ${\alpha}$-adrenergic receptor blocker, phentolamine$(10^{-6}M)$ but was not blocked and rather increased by the pretreatment with ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor blocker. propranolol$(10^{-6}M)$, the contractile response induced by histamine$(10^{-6}M)$ was completely blocked by the pretreatment with $H_1$-histaminergic receptor blocker, pyrilamine$(10^{-6}M)$ but was increased by the pretreatment with $H_2$-histaminergic receptor blocker, cimetidine$(10^{-6}M)$. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine$(10^{-6}M)$, norepinephrine$(10^{-5}M)$ and histamine$(10^{-6}M)$ was weakly contracted response in $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, but the contractile response induced by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}(10^{-6}M)$ was disappeared. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine$(10^{-6}M)$, norepinephrine$(10^{-5}M)$ and histamine$(10^{-6}M)$ was powerfully depressed by the pretreatment with $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker, verapamil$(10^{-5}M)$ but the contractile response induced by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}(10^{-6}M)$ was completely inhibited.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2005

난태생종인 다슬기(Semisulcospira libertina libertina)와 곳체다슬기(Semisulcospira gottchei) 어미에게 여러 가지 물리 화학적 자극을 주어 출산 개시 소요 시간, 출산 유생 치패수 및 치패 출산율을 조사하였다. 곳체다슬기는 온도, 공기 노출, serotonin 및 acetylcholine 자극에 대하여 다슬기보다 더욱 민감하게 반응하였으나, $H_2O_2$ 및 $NH_4OH$ 자극에 대하여는 두 종 모두 반응하지 않았다. 다슬기는 acetylcholine $10^{-9}M$ 자극에서 모패당 68개체로 가장 많은 유생과 치패를 출산하였으며, 치패 출산율도 57.5%로 높았다. 곳체다슬기는 수온을 $9^{\circ}C$ 상승시켰을 때, 모패당 113개체의 유생과 치패를 출산하였고 치패 출산율은 56.3%였으며, acetylcholine $10^{-12}M$ 첨가했을 때는 각각 83개체, 61.7%였다. 결론적으로, 다슬기와 곳체다슬기의 인공 종묘 생산 시 치패의 대량 출산 유도에는 신경전달물질인 acetylcholine 자극이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.