• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1208-1213
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• 2016

천연물로부터 당뇨합병증에 효과적인 소재를 개발하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였으며, 울릉도산 마가목 열매의 80% methyl alcohol 추출물의 ethyl acetate 가용부로부터 최종 당화산물 생성 억제능($IC_{50}$; $181.2{\pm}2.8{\mu}g/mL$)을 확인하였다. 효능성분의 동정을 위하여 $C_{18}$ 겔 등을 활용한 column chromatography를 수행하여 3종의 페놀성 화합물을 분리하였고, 각 화합물의 화학구조는 NMR 스펙트럼 데이터 해석 및 표품과의 HPLC 직접 비교를 통하여 neochlorogenic acid(1), cryptochlorogenic acid(2) 및 chlorogenic acid (3)로 동정하였다. 이들 화합물에 대해 최종당화산물 생성억제능을 평가한 결과 neochlorogenic acid(1)가 가장 강한 $167.5{\pm}3.5{\mu}M$의 $IC_{50}$ 값을 나타내었고, cryptochlorogenic acid(2)는 $185.9{\pm}3.7{\mu}M$의 $IC_{50}$ 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 이들 물질에 대해 $ONOO^-$ 소거 활성을 평가한 결과 cryptochlorogenic acid(2)가 가장 강한 라디칼 소거 활성인 $4.0{\pm}0.2{\mu}M$의 $IC_{50}$ 값을 나타내었고, 구조이성질체인 neochlorogenic acid(1)가 $4.5{\pm}0.3{\mu}M$의 $IC_{50}$ 값을 나타내었으며, 이들 활성은 caffeic acid가 결합 양상에 따른 화합물의 구조에 따라 다름이 시사되었다. 향후 이들 활성 물질의 활성 기작에 대한 연구가 필요하며 본 연구 결과는 더욱 우수한 최종당화산물 생성 억제능을 가지는 새로운 선도화합물 발굴을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 당뇨합병증 예방 및 치료에 효과적인 천연물질의 상업화를 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1115-1120
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• 2002

The effects of seed-associated or free linseed oil on fermentation characteristics and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids composition, especially the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and octadecenoic acid (trans-11 $C_{18:1}$, $t-C_{18:1}$) by mixed ruminal bacteria were examined in vitro. Concentrate (1% of culture solution, w/v, as-fed basis) with ground linseed (0.6% of culture solution, w/v, DM basis) or linseed oil as absorbed onto ground alfalfa hay was added to 600 ml mixed solution consisting of strained rumen fluid and artificial saliva at the ratio of 1:1 in a glass culture jar. The culture jar was covered with a glass lid with stirrer, and placed into a water-bath ($39^{\circ}C$) and incubated anaerobically up to 24 h. Seed-associated or free linseed oil did not significantly affect the pH and ammonia concentration in the culture solution. Molar percent of acetate tended to increase while that of propionate decreased with the addition of free oil treatment throughout the incubation. Differences in bacterial number were relatively small, regardless of the form of supplements. Decreasing trends in the compositions of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and linolenic acid ($C_{18:3}$) but increasing trends of stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$), $t-C_{18:1}$ and CLA compositions were found from culture contents up to 12h incubation when incubated with both ground linseed and linseed oil. The compositions of $C_{18:0}$, $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$ were greater but those of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$), $t-C_{18:1}$ and CLA were smaller in a culture solution containing ground linseed than those containing linseed oil. The ratio of $t-C_{18:1}$ to CLA was lower in the culture solutions containing linseed oil up to 12h incubations as compared to those containing ground linseed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.971-978
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn grain for sugar cane molasses (MO) or glucose syrup (GS) in the starter concentrate on performance and metabolism of dairy calves. Thirty-six individually housed Holstein male calves were blocked according to weight and date of birth and assigned to one of the starter feed treatments, during an 8 week study: i) starter containing 65% corn with no MO or GS (0MO); ii) starter containing 60% corn and 5% MO (5MO); iii) starter containing 55% corn and 10% MO (10MO); and iv) starter containing 60% corn and 5% GS (5GS). Animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily (20 crude protein, 16 ether extract, 12.5% solids), divided in two meals (0700 and 1700 h). Starter and water were provided ad libitum. Starter intake and fecal score were monitored daily until animals were eight weeks old. Body weight and measurements (withers height, hip width and heart girth) were measured weekly before the morning feeding. From the second week of age, blood samples were collected weekly, 2 h after the morning feeding, for glucose, ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate determination. Ruminal fluid was collected at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age using an oro-ruminal probe and a suction pump for determination of pH and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). At the end of the eighth week, animals were harvested to evaluate development of the proximal digestive tract. The composition of the starter did not affect (p>0.05) concentrate intake, weight gain, fecal score, blood parameters, and rumen development. However, treatment 5MO showed higher (p<0.05) total concentration of SCFAs, acetate and propionate than 0MO, and these treatments did not differ from 10MO and 5GS (p>0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the replacement of corn by 5% or 10% sugar cane molasses or 5% GS on starter concentrate did not impact performance, however it has some positive effects on rumen fermentation which may be beneficial for calves with a developing rumen.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2003

흰쥐에게 1% 콜레스테롤과 0.25% 콜산나트륨을 첨가한 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발 식이와 민들레잎 추출물을 분획별(열수추출물군, 에틸아세테이트추출물군, 에테르추출물군)로 나누어 급여하여 민들레 잎이 체내 항산화계에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 간조직 중의 cytochrome P-450 함량은 민들레 잎 분획별 추출물 급여에 의한 유의적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며, XO활성은 대조군에 비하여 굴들레잎 열수추출물 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직 중의 SOD활성은 대조군과 비교시 추출물 급여에 의하여 유의적으로 감소되었으나 분획 간의 차이는 나타나지 않은 반면 catalase활성은 민들레잎 추출물 급여에 의해 유의적으로 증가되었으며 에틸아세테리트추출물군은 에테르추출물군에 비하여 감소 정도가 유의적이었다. 간조직 중의 GSH-Px와 GST활성은 민들레 잎 추출물 급여시 대조군에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으며 열수추출물군에서 특히 현저한 증가가 관찰되었다. GSH 함량은 추출물 급여에 따른 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 과산화지질 함량은 대조군에 비하여 민들레 잎 추출물 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었는데, 특히 열쑤추출물군의 감소효과가 현저한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 고콜레스테를 혈증 유발 흰쥐에게 민들레잎 추출물 급여는 체내 항산화효소의 활성과 항산화제의 함량에 영향을 미쳐 체내 항산화능의 개선에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2006

The present study examined that in Vivo/Vitro test is investigated in normotensive sham-operated rats (NSR) and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats (ADHR) and that the antihypertensive effect was induced by silver spike point (SSP) electrical stimulation at meridian points(CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52), specifically, such as aldosterone in 24 hour urine analysis from healthy volunteer. The gross examination and morphometric-histological changes, such as hypertrophy, production of necrotic tissues, and the changes of cell arrangement on the kidney, and adrenal gland were markedly observed in aldosterone-analogue DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared with those from normotensive sham-operated rats. The systolic blood pressure, weight of kidney and adrenal gland were significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. The required time of PSS-induced resting tone was significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. However, the voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) currents were significantly decreased in ADHR than that in NSR. The urine analysis showed that the concentration of aldosterone was significantly decreased in resting state from the elderly people compared with those from the adolescent healthy volunteer. The current of 1 Hz continue type of SSP electrical stimulation significantly decreased in the concentration of aldosterone of 24 hour urine from the elderly people. These results suggest that the development of aldosterone analogue-induced hypertension is associated with changed the weight of kidney and adrenal gland, blood pressure, resting tone and Kv currents, which directly affects blood pressure. Therefore, the hypertension is a risk factor on cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, these results suggest that the diminished responsiveness to SSP electrical stimulation, especially current of 1Hz continue type, in elderly people may be, in part, related by the increased of antihypertensive effects.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 1991

수은 이온의 정량을 위해 l-sparteine으로 처리한 carbon paste 전극(CPE)을 제작하였다. 수용액중의 수은 이온을 CPE에 수식 시킨 l-sparteine과 반응시켜 착화합물 상태로 전극표면에 석출시킨 후 이 착물을 벗김 전압-전류곡선법을 사용하여 정량하였다. 또한 수식된 CPE의 전극반응을 순환 전압 전류 곡선법을 사용하여 초산/초산염 완충용액에서 조사하였다. 한번 사용한 전극은 산 용액으로 처리하여 5회 이상 재사용할 수 있었다. 선형주사 전압전류법을 사용하였을 경우 $2.0{\times}10^{-6}$ M 농도까지 정량이 가능하였다. 시차펄스 전압전류법으로 실험할 경우 $7.0 {\times}10^{-7}$ M 농도까지 직선적으로 감응함을 알 수 있었으며 그 때의 상대 표준편차는 ${\pm}$5.1% 이었다. 이 경우 검출 한계는 $5.O{\times} 10^{-7}$ M이었다. 리간드와 착물을 형성할 것으로 예상되는 여러 금속이온에 대한 방해 작용을 조사하였다. 그 결과 은(I) 이온이 방해를 하지만 염화칼륨으로 사전 처리하여 방해작용을 제거할 수 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.992-998
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• 2008

SND 공정은 최근에 하수내 질소제거를 위한 새로운 공법으로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 무산소조, 혐기조 및 담체를 충진한 포기조로 구성된 DMR(Daiho Microbic Revolution)공정을 이용하여 포기량을 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.4 및 0.2 L/min으로 변화시키면서 영양염류 제거효율과 동시 질산화/탈질 효율을 검토하였다. 유기물제거율은 포기량에 차이를 보이지 않았으며 모든 조건에서 93%의 제거율을 얻을 수 있었다. T-N 제거효율은 포기량이 적어짐에 따라 높아져 0.2 L/min의 조건에서 80%의 효율을 얻었으며, SND효율 또한 각 조건에서 62, 65, 72 및 78%를 나타내어 포기량 조절만으로 높은 질소제거율을 얻을 수 있었다. T-P는 포기량에 따라 75$\sim$96%의 제거율을 보였지만, 0.2 L/min의 조건에서는 2차 인방출이 발생하였다. 0.5 L/min의 조건에서 슬러지의 poly-P함량은 5.08%였으며 소모된 유기물 양과 방출된 인 농도의 비는 0.72 mg P/mg HAc였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.48-62
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• 1994

The acute irradiation effect on rat Purkinje cell was carried out. Anesthetized rats, weighing 200-250g each, were exposed their heads to the linear accelerator (ML-4MV) with the doses of 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads respectively. Irradiated rats were sacrificed by perfusion fixation under anesthesia, six hours, two days and six days following the irradiations. Rats were perfused with the fixative of 1% glutaraldehyde-1% paraformaldehyde solution (pH 7.4). Small pieces of cerebellar cortices were taken out. Tissue blocks were washed out, and were refixed in the 2% osmium tetroxide solution. After dehydration, tissues were embedded in the araldite mixture. Ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate solution, were examined with an electron microscope. The results observed were as follow; 1. Many dark Purkinje cells exhibited most severe cellular alterations on 6 hours. But after the 2 or 6 days, the cells exhibited only some alterations of cytoplasmic organelles. 2. Many granular and agranular endoplasmic reticula exhibited the fusion of cisterns. These reticular alterations were most severe on 6 hours following irradiation. But the alterations were hardly found on 6 days. 3. In the Golgi region, alterations including the adhesion of lamelliform cisterns, enlarged saccules, and increased number of vesicles, etc, were seen on 6 hours. But the Golgi complexes were almost recovered on 6 days. 4. Lysosomes were abundant on 6 hours or 2 days, but some residual bodies were found on 6 days. 5. Mitochondrial changes were also most severe at on hours, and they were recovered thereafter. From the results, it was concluded that the cerebellar Purkinje cells reacted to the high doses of irradiation by hyperactive protein synthesis, autolytic activities and energy metabolism. The reaction was most active in the early stage. It implies that motor-control function of Purkinje cells are severely disturbed in the early stage of irradiation.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2012

Rumen fermentative characteristic is useful indicators of the quality of ruminant feed stuffs and diets. An in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was therefore carried out to compare fermentation patterns among three forage sources. These were whole crop barley (WCBS), Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) and rice straw silages (RSS). Rice straw (RS) was the control, making the treatments 4 in total. Forages were randomly allocated to serum bottles. The incubation times were arranged 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h at $39^{\circ}C$, respectively. Each forage source was replicated 3 times per incubation time. At each sampling time, total gas and pH were measured, whilst individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) were determined later after storing samples at $-20^{\circ}C$. Acetate: Propionate ratio (A/P) was then calculated. Forage source had a significant effect (P<0.001) on pH and $NH_3$-N. RSS maintained higher pH values than the rest of the forage sources. A decreasing pH trend with increased time of incubation, in agreement with literature, was observed for all forage sources. WCBS recorded $NH_3$-N values higher than all the other treatments. Total gas, individual and total VFA and A/P ratio were not affected by forage source. However, there was a significant difference in all parameters (p<0.05) among forage sources at sampling periods at 3 to 72h. Therefore, the present results indicating that WCBS, IRGS, RS and RSS maintained in vitro rumen pH above the critical value. Also, WCBS produced the highest NH3-N and on this merit could be of better nutritive value, in vivo, in the ruminant.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.709-718
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of lead poisoning on the lead and essential trace elements homeostasis of tissues in rats. Fifty female Wistar rats, 7 weeks old, were divided into four experimental groups(B, C, D, and E) and a control(A). The four experimental groups received diets contaminated artificially with 10 (B group), 100 (C group), 1,000 (D group) and 5,000 (E group) ${\mu}g/g$ of lead as lead acetate, respectively. The control group received normal diet. Rats were necropsied on the 4th or 8th week of experimental periods and heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, lung and hair were taken. The tissues were analysed for lead, copper, zinc, iron and calcium content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. From these experiments following results ware obtained ; In C group, lead content of the heart, liver, kidney and hair were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In D and E group, lead content of all tissues including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, hair and lung were significantly increased in accordance with the lead contamination both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In C group, copper content of tissues were significantly increased in the heart, liver, kidney and lung on the 4th week and all tissues on the 8th week of experimental periods. In D and E group, copper content of the liver were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. But the copper content of tissues were gradually decreased compared with C group in accordance with the lead contamination. Especially the content in spleen, heart or kidney were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The zinc content of kidney, heart, or spleen were decreased in D and E groups whereas the iron and calcium content showed no significant change.