• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권7호
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• pp.1874-1893
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• 2012

An approach to detect abnormal activities based on reputations created individually by each node is vulnerable to a false accusation since intrusion detection in ad-hoc networks is done in a distributed and cooperative manner. Detection of false accusation is considered important because the efficiency or survivability of the network can be degraded severely if normal nodes were excluded from the network by being considered as abnormal ones in the intrusion detection process. In this paper, we propose an improved reputation-based intrusion detection technique to efficiently detect and manage false accusations in ad-hoc networks. Additionally, we execute simulations of the proposed technique to analyze its performance and feasibility to be implemented in a real environment.

• 인문언어
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2001

No one would deny that, despite the fact that they are the central factor in any given communication system, language signals have their limitations. For example, language cannot keep up with the radical changes that occur in the world and its ideas. The present meaning of a language signal is always pegged to the past when it was originally created. This limitation in turn puts limitations on the way we conceive of the world, and we have no choice but to watch the world through the refracted, darkly colored lens called language. Lee Sang′s was well aware of these limitations, and his works reflect his suspicion of language. This paper argues that Lee Sang′s "Ogamdo 1" is a poetic commentary on the ambiguity of language signals; that "Ogamdo 2" is an accusation of the stationary nature of language signals; ; and, finally, that "Sune-kwanhan-gakseo (Treatise on Lines) 7" is a poetic expression of Lee Sang′s negative view of the symbolic limitation of, and the fragmentary nature of, language signals.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 1부
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• pp.225-228
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• 2010

It is an social issue that is various claim related on the defect of apartment house. The cost of defect repair is the most important matter that residents dispute constructers with the huge time wasting and cost loss. For resolve the matter of defect claim, it must to be analyze to the cost property that study and find to pending issue about the cost of defect repair. Therefore this study is investigated the cost property of defect repair relation on correlation analysis and regression analysis around the judgement cost. Consequently, cost of the judgment is associated with cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair, is recognizable as them that is closely connected. Meanwhile, the more time of take effect and time of lawsuit increase, the more cost of the judgment decrease by draw the regression equation. On the contrary, there are same aspects in the case on the cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1097-1106
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• 2011

Tactical Information Communication Network(TICN), a concept-type integrated Military Communication system that enables precise command control and decision making, is designed to advance into high speed, large capacity, long distance wireless relay transmission. To support mobility in battlefield environments, the application of Ad-hoc networking technology to its wireless communication has been examined. Ad-hoc network works properly only if the participating nodes cooperate in routing and packet forwarding. However, if selfish nodes not forwarding packets of other nodes and malicious nodes making the false accusation are in the network, it is faced to many threats. Therefore, detection and management of these misbehaving nodes is necessary to make confident in Ad-hoc networks. To solve this problem, we propose an efficient intrusion detection technique to detect and manage those two types of attacks. The simulation-based performance analysis shows that our approach is highly effective and can reliably detect a multitude of misbehaving node.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to understand and to explain how were nursing students experienced and accepted the fundemental nursing practice. In addition to, the results of this study are attempted to contribute for offer of basic data in projecting and accomplishing to promote quality practice education. The participants were 79 freshmen of S College of Nursing in kyungi-do. They presented record of feeling and thinking on their the fundemental nursing practice experience. The data were collected from 29, J une to 10, July in 1998. Collected data was analyzed by means of Van Kaam's phenomenological method. The results of this study was founded 423 descriptive expression and they were grouped under 42 common factors and they were grouped under 9 categories. By means of the frequency on the categories. the higher category is Anxiety. next Solemn. Flutter. Pride. Usefulness, Recognition of reality in nursing-system. Lack of practice environment. Self-accusation. Comprehension of nursing spirit were founded. 5 common factors. Tension. Difficulty, Dread. Apprehension, Burden were grouped under Anxiety. 7 common factors, Pledge, Memory, Importance of practice, Sincerity, Restriction of dress, Acceptance, Active attitude were grouped under solemn. 5 common factors, Interest, Strange, Beanimated, Waiting, Curiosity were grouped under Flutter. 5 common factors, Conceit, Self-confidence, Skilled, Worth, Accomplishment were grouped under Pride. 6 common factors, Acknowledge of nursing affairs, Expectation of furture, Fascination of nursing. Acquirement of disposition of nurse, Association of injection, Actual feeling of dept. of nursing were grouped under Recognition of reality in nursing-system. 4 common factors, Lack of practice time, Many persons of practice, Lack of practice instrument, Lack of reality were grouped under Lack of practice envirnment. 5 common factors, Inconvenient, Reflection, Loss of pride, Shyness, Feeling sorry were grouped under Self-accusation. 3 common factors, Utility, Connection of practice and theory, Various experience were grouped under Usefulness. 2 common factors, Comprehension on the dignity of human, Comprehension on a point of view of patient were grouped under Comprehension of nursing spirit. In conclusion, the following recommendation should be necessary a supplementary study to approach on the type of students that has a firm view and care about client prior to clinical nursing practice.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제68권
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• pp.65-86
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• 2014

이 논문은 사진과 죽음이 맺는 관계를 고찰하면서 매체로서의 사진이 가진 독특한 특성이 이 관계에 어떻게 영향을 미치고 있는지를 살펴보고 실제로 사진이 죽음을 재현하는 여러 방식들의 구체적 사례들을 분류, 분석함으로써 죽음을 재현하는 사진의 사회적 역할을 이해하는 기회를 제공하고자 한다. 조사 결과, 죽음 사진은 영정사진, 사후사진, 재해 및 전쟁사진, 처형사진, 의학과 법의학적 사진으로 구분되며 애도와 추모, 저항과 투쟁, 통치와 지배, 폭로와 고발의 역할을 한다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to define structural subjectivity pattern of whistle-blowing of hospital nurses. Method: This study was conducted using Q-methodology in order to classify the types of perception to an whistle-blowing from the inside of the incumbent hospital nurses. Nineteen members, including hospital nurses, professors and students majoring in the nursing department made 47 statements about the insider's accusation after an in-depth interview about the statements. Forty incumbent hospital nurses were the participants for the Q-Methodology. The statement data was analyzed with QUANL PC Program and five different types were classified according to how the nurse had replied to the statements. Result: The first one is a Propeller type. The second one is a Denial type. The third type is a Patient Advocate type. The fourth one is a Anonymous type. The fifth is a Netizen type. Conclusion: this study as a momentum, a reasonable and constitutional legislation in the nurses organization should be established as soon as possible.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2015

벌금형은 형벌체계상 자유형보다 가벼운 형벌로 규정되어 있지만, 자본주의 사회에서는 범죄행위자에게 실질적으로 자유형 못지않은 강력한 제재 수단으로 자리매김하고 있다. 또한 자연인인 개인보다 법인이 저지르는 경제사범, 조세범, 기업범죄에서는 범죄 규모가 클 뿐만 아니라 다른 형사제재 수단이 없는 경우에 사용되는 벌금형을 통한 제재는 형사제재 방법으로서 중요한 가치를 지니고 있다. 그렇지만 우리나라의 벌금형제도는 총액벌금형제도로서 부유한 사람에게는 형벌의 위하적 기능을 수행할 수 없고, 벌금형의 액수에 차이가 많은데도, 벌금형의 실효기간을 똑같게 함으로써 형사재판에서 가장 많이 차지하는 선고형임에도 불구하고, 그 기능을 제대로 수행하고 있다고 할 수 없다. 따라서 현대적 형벌로서 가치를 수행하기 위해서는 총액벌금형제도는 일수벌금형제도로 변경할 필요가 있고, 낮은 벌금형제도는 형법의 보충성 원칙에 따라 범칙금제도로 대체하여 사회적 비난이 낮은 범죄행위자의 개인정보를 보호함과 동시에 형벌의 기능수행을 정상적으로 할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 이와 더불어 벌금형을 선고하는 절차적인 면에서도 피고인의 방어권을 최대한 보장할 수 있는 시스템이 도입되어야 할 필요가 있다. 특히 약식절차에서는 기소와 재판절차가 서면으로만 이루어지면서 피고인의 방어권이 보장되지 못하는 점을 보완하기 위하여 약식명령으로 청구하기 전에 피의자에게 약식절차에 관계되는 필요한 사항을 설명하여 이해시키고, 피고인의 동의를 받을 수 있는 제도의 도입도 필요하다.

• 복식
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.34-47
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• 2011

Grotesque make-up causes a visual shock among modern people beyond the standardized beauty definition, attracts their attention, and manifests itself as a phenomenon of "something bizarre, extremely unnatural, ugly, and funny." The purposes of this study were to investigate the characteristics of grotesque in today's make-up as well as its concepts and features and to figure out its aesthetic characteristics based on the results. The research scope was limited to the fashion make-up of the collections from 2005 to 2010 and the advertising make-up during the same period. In the make-up phenomenon examined according to the grotesque characteristics, the pale skin expression, frightened eyes, and emphasis on black induce disgusting fear, sadness, death, sin, fear for life and death, and obsession. As the make-up emphasized only one part by neglecting the original form and exaggerated it to the point of distortion, the exaggerated abnormality led to a sense of social crisis, desperation, and absence of form. As for devilish playfulness, the make-up accompanied by grotesqueness and humor brought the suppressed, closed world in a tight framework out to fluidity and openness, conveying satire, ludicrousness, ridicule, and accusation of the modern society. The heterogeneous disharmony was found in the use of objects in heterogeneous combinations, presenting unreality, fiction, displeasure, ambivalence, and loss of value of human existence.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.411-422
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• 2010

Purpose: In the present study, an analysis of the life of adolescents with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) was done using grounded theory. Consideration was given to the socio-cultural context of Korea. Methods: After approval from the institutional review board of Y hospital, 12 patients ranging in age from 14 to 35 were recruited. Data were gathered using in-depth interviews. Theoretical sampling was performed until the concepts were saturated. Results: The results confirmed the life of adolescents with complex CHD as a 'journey to finding uniqueness of oneself as a person with CHD'. The life consisted of 3 stages. In the crisis stage, participants had a feeling of threat to self-existence, and made an effort to be the same as others. In the self-recognition stage, participants who had sufficient role-performance built self-esteem while those who did not fell into self-accusation. In the self-establishment stage, participants who reached sufficiency in independence and knowledge planned the future, whereas those who did not conformed to the realities of life. Conclusion: The results of present study provide help in understanding the experiences of adolescents with CHD and provide a basis for developing nursing intervention strategies for these patients.