• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2021

Contrast to the conventional jointed bridge design, integral abutment bridges (IABs) offer some marked advantages like reduced maintenance and enhanced service life of the structure due to elimination of joints in the deck and monolithic construction practices. However, the force transfer mechanism during seismic and thermal movements is a topic of interest owing to rigid connection between superstructure and substructure (piers and abutments). This study attempts to model an existing IAB by including the abutment backfill interaction and soil-foundation interaction effects using Winkler foundation assumption to determine its seismic response. Keeping in view the significance of abutment behavior in an IAB, the probability of damage to the abutment is evaluated using fragility function. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) approach is used in this regard, wherein, nonlinear time history analyses are conducted on the numerical model using a selected suite of ground motions with increasing intensities until damage to abutment. It is concluded from the fragility analysis results that for a MCE level earthquake in the location of integral bridge, the probability of complete damage to the abutment is minimal.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.373-385
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• 2019

In this article, different frequently adopted modeling aspects of linear and nonlinear dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) are studied on a pile-supported integral abutment bridge structure using the open-source platform OpenSees (McKenna et al. 2000, Mazzoni et al. 2007, McKenna and Fenves 2008) for a 2D domain. Analyzed approaches are as follows: (i) free field input at the base of fixed base bridge; (ii) SSI input at the base of fixed base bridge; (iii) SSI model with two dimensional quadrilateral soil elements interacting with bridge and incident input motion propagating upwards at model bottom boundary (with and without considering the effect of abutment backfill response); (iv) simplified SSI model by idealizing the interaction between structural and soil elements through nonlinear springs (with and without considering the effect of abutment backfill response). Salient conclusions of this paper include: (i) free-field motions may differ significantly from those computed at the base of the bridge foundations, thus put a significant bias on the inertial component of SSI; (ii) conventional modeling of SSI through series of soil springs and dashpot system seems to stay on the safer side under dynamic conditions when one considers the seismic actions on the structure by considering a fully coupled SSI model; (iii) consideration of abutment-backfill in the SSI model positively affects the general response of the bridge, as a result of large passive resistance that may develop behind the abutments.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2011

이 연구는 교량의 생애 동안의 온도 변화와 콘크리트의 시간 의존 영향을 고려하여 PSC 거더 일체식 교량의 해석 방법과 교대의 변위를 예측하는 모델 개발에 관한 것이다. 비선형 수치 해석 모델은 지반-구조물의 상호작용을 고려하며, 재료의 비선형 또한 고려되었다. 개발된 수치 해석 모델을 이용하여 총 243가지의 경우에 대하여 변수 연구를 하였다. 고려된 변수는 (1) 열팽창 계수, (2) 교량 길이, (3) 뒤채움재의 높이, (4) 뒤채움재의 강성, 그리고 (5) 말뚝-지반 강성이다. 변수 연구의 결과는 열팽창 계수, 교량 길이, 말뚝-지반의 강성이 지배적인 영향을 나타내는 것으로 드러났다. 또한, 교량의 길이는 교대의 윗부분의 변위에 지배적인 영향을 미치며 자유팽창 수축과 유사하였다. 하부의 변위에는 다른 변수들의 영향으로 추정이 쉽지 않았다. 개발된 교대의 변위 추정 모델은 기본 설계시에 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.759-767
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• 2003

This paper presents the simplified but more rational analysis method for the prediction of additional internal forces induced in integral abutment bridges. These internal forces depend upon the degree of restraint provided tc the deck by the backfill soil adjacent to the abutments and piles. In addition, effect of the relative flexural stiffness ratio among pile foundations, abutment, and superstructure on the structural behavior is also an important factor. The first part of the paper develops the stiffness matrices, written in terms of the soil stiffness, for the lateral and rotational restraints provided by the backfill soil adjacent to the abutment. The finite difference analysis is conducted and it is confirmed that the results are agreed well with the predictions obtained by the proposed method. The simplified spring model is used in the parametric study on the behavior of simple span and multi-span continuous integral abutment PSC beam bridges in which the abutment height and the flexural rigidity of piles are varied. These results are compared with those obtained by loading Rankine passive earth pressure according to the conventional method. From the results of parametric study, it was shown that the abutment height, the relative flexural rigidity of superstructure and piles, and the earth pressure induced by temperature change greatly affect the overall structural response of the bridge system. It may be possible to obtain more rational and economical designs for integral abutment bridges by the proposed method.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-28
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• 2019

This article investigates the response of Integral Abutment Bridges (IAB) when subjected to a sequence of seasonal thermal loading of the deck followed by ground seismic shaking in the longitudinal direction. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of pre-seismic thermal Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on the seismic performance of the IAB, as well as on the ability of various backfills configurations, to minimize the unfavorable SSI effects. A series of two-dimensional numerical analyses were performed for this purpose, on a complete backfill-integral bridge-foundation soil system, subjected to seasonal cyclic thermal loading of the deck, followed by ground seismic shaking, employing ABAQUS. Various backfill configurations were investigated, including conventional dense cohesionless backfills, mechanically stabilized backfills and backfills isolated by means of compressive inclusions. The responses of the investigated configurations, in terms of backfill deformations and earth pressures, and bridge resultants and displacements, were compared with each other, as well as with relevant predictions from analyses, where the pre-seismic thermal SSI effects were neglected. The effects of pre-seismic thermal SSI on the seismic response of the coupled IAB-soil system were more evident in cases of conventional backfills, while they were almost negligible in case of IAB with mechanically stabilized backfills and isolated abutments. Along these lines, reasonable assumptions should be made in the seismic analysis of IAB with conventional sand backfills, to account for pre-seismic thermal SSI effects. On the contrary, the analysis of the SSI effects, caused by thermal and seismic loading, can be disaggregated in cases of IAB with isolated backfills.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

교대-인접토체사이의 상호작용으로 인한 비선형 교대거동이 교량구조물의 전체지진응답에 미치는 영향을 다양한 인자들을 고려할 수 있도록 개발된 이상화된 교량 해석모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 교대의 비선형 운동은 교대의 강성저하를 반영하는 비선형 스프링으로 모형화하였으며, 비선형효과를 분석하기 위하여 현행 도로교 설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 일정강성을 적용한 선형스프링을 이용한 상대적인 선형모형과 결과를 비교하였다. 분석결과로부터 전체적인 교량구조물의 지진응답은 교대진동계의 모형화 방법 밑 인접한 토체의 조건에 따라 다양하게 나타나며, 교대진동계는 교량구조물의 지진응답에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 인접진동계간 최대상대거리는 비선형 모델을 적용한 경우가 상당히 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 전체 교량구조물에서 낙교의 발생가능성이 가장 큰 위치에서 최대 30%, 정도까지도 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 촘촘한 모래를 갖는 토체조건 하에서는 경간수가 증가할수록 교대의 비선형 거동에 따른 영향은 증가하는 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 교량구조물의 지진거동 분석시 교대의 거동특성을 보다 실제적으로 반영하기 위해서는 교대의 비선형거동이 합리적으로 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.347-354
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• 2000

The seismic behaviors of a bridge system with several simple spans are examined to see the effects of the longitudinal stiffness degradation due to abutment-soil interaction. The abutment-backfill system is modeled as one degree-of-freedom-system with nonlinear spring and linear damper. various soil-conditions surrounding the abutment such as loose sand, medium dense sand, and dense sand are considered in the bridge seismic analysis. The idealized mechanical model for the whole bridge system is modeled by adopting the multiple-degree-of-freedom system, which can consider components such as pounding phenomena, friction at the movable supports, rotational and translational motions of foundations, and the nonlinear pier motions. The stiffness of the abutment is found to be rapidly reduced at the beginning of the earthquakes, and to be converged to constant values shortly after the displacement approaches to the Predefined critical values. It is observed that the maximum relative distanced an maximum relative displacements are generally Increased as the relative density of a soil decreases As the peak ground acceleration increases, the response ratio of the case considering stiffness degradation to the case considering constant stiffness decreases.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2008

교량과 토공의 접속부은 궤도의 대표적인 취약구간으로서 교대배면의 부등침하로 인한 궤도틀림발생이 빈번하여 유지관리에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는 구간 중의 하나이다. 콘크리트궤도부설구간의 경우에는 교대배면의 부등침하를 방지하기 위하여 접속슬래브 부설이 일반화되고 있는 추세이다. 이 경우, 접속슬래브를 지지하고 있는 노반의 침하로 인하여 접속슬래브에 경사처짐이 발생하게 되면 궤도도 경사처짐이 발생하게 된다. 이로 인해 이 구간을 통과하는 차량의 주행안정성과 승차감의 저하, 그리고 과도한 충격에 의한 궤도의 손상을 유발하게 되므로 접속슬래브의 단부에서의 침하를 제한할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 궤도 부설 교량과 토공의 접속부에 부설되는 접속슬래브의 단부에서의 처짐한도를 알아보기 위하여 접속슬래브의 길이와 단부처짐량을 매개변수로 한 차량-궤도 상호작용 해석을 실시하여 차체가속도, 윤중변동률, 레일 저부응력, 그리고 체결구에 발생하는 상향압력을 조사하였으며, 수치해석결과와 각 검토항목별 허용한도와의 비교검토를 통하여 접속슬래브의 길이에 따른 단부처짐의 허용한도를 제시하였다.