• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2008

After Canada has struggled with a radioactive waste problem over for 20 years, the Canadian government finally found out that its approach by far has been lack of social acceptance, and needed a program such as public and stakeholder engagement (PSE) which involves the public in decision-making process. Therefore, the government made a special law, called Nuclear Fuel Waste Act (NFWA), to search for an appropriate nuclear waste management approach. NFWA laid out three possible approaches which were already prepared in advance by a nuclear expert group, and required Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) to be established to report a recommendation as to which of the proposed approaches should be adopted. However, NFWA allowed NWMO to consider additional management approach if the other three were not acceptable enough. Thus, NWMO studied and created a fourth management approach after it had undertaken an comparison of the benefits, risks and costs of each management approach: Adaptive Phased Management. This approach was intended to enable the implementers to accept any technological advancement or changes even in the middle of the implementation of the plan. The Canadian PSE case well shows that technological R&D are deeply connected with social acceptance. Even though the developments and technological advancement are carried out by the scientists and experts, but it is important to collect the public opinion by involving them to the decision-making process in order to achieve objective validity on the R&D programs. Moreover, in an effort to ensure the principles such as fairness, public health and safety, security, and adoptability, NWMO tried to make those abstract ideas more specific and help the public understand the meaning of each concept more in detail. Also, they utilized a variety of communication methods from face-to-face meeting to e-dialogue to encourage people to participate in the program as much as possible. Given the fact that Korea has been also having a hard time in dealing with spent nuclear fuel management, all of these efforts that Canada has made with a PSE program would give good lessons and implications to the Korean case. In conclusion, as a deliberative participation program, PSE could be a possible breakthrough approach for the Korean spent nuclear fuel management.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.231-262
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• 2014

Seeing so many people who use trickery and schemes become successful these days, a lot of people are concerned that the ethical values of our society are breaking down. The saint who created I'Ching presents ways to see through the characteristics of people and ethical values, claims that carrying out these values in everyday life while being aware of misfortunes can lessen our faults or make them disappear, and presents ways to conduct moral actions to people with the hopes of walking down the right road. The Do in Dodeok, which means "ethics" in Korean, stands for "body." Until now, there has been a lack of research on the do in I'Ching. Therefore, the goal of this study was to research the idea and specific actions of Do implied in Gyeomun and Shibik of I'Ching, to aid application of abstract Do to fit the different situations of people. In the beginning, Do was not categorized. It was heavens Do if it was in the heavens, earth Do if it was on the earth, and human Do if it referred to people. I'Ching presents various different ideas of Do to apply natural Do to people. The researcher divided Do largely into heavens Do, earth Do, human Do, heavens, earth and human Do, middle Do and changing Do, and aimed to present various examples of application of Do including Do of a man, Do of heaven and earth, Do of heavens and gods, orders of the heavens, Do of a woman, Do of a family, Do of a saint, Do of a great person, Do of a noble man, Do of a child, Do of a household, Do of the heavens, earth and people, good fortune of men, and wrong Do and frugal Do, to show how and when Do is used and aid in execution of Do through I'Ching. The practice principle of Do according to I'Ching is for people to understand the various types of Do presented by I'Ching, and help all people become saints and noble men by conducting Do at the right time and place. If people make an effort to keep the principle of Do presented in I'Ching, all trickery and schemer will disappear and a society of great unity will be created, where all members are happy.