• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1702-1707
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• 2002

The effects of dark-control (D) and continuous green light (GL) exposure of incubated meat-type breeder eggs (Hybro) on embryonic growth from 5 to 15 days of age, hatching time, hatchability per cent and chick hatching weight were investigated in three consecutive experiments at 33, 38, and 41 weeks of age. A total of 798 eggs were used in this study. Eggs were set in an incubator on trays either in the D or under two tubes of 20-watt green fluorescent light during the first 18 days of incubation. Eggs from both treatments were transferred to the dark hatching compartment at 19 days of incubation. The light intensity was in the range of 1,340 to 1,730 lux at the surface of the eggs. GL incubation of eggs significantly (p<0.01) increased weight (expressed as an absolute value) and daily weight gain of embryos at 11 and continued to 15 days of age, hatchability per cent by 4.8%, reduced dead embryos per cent and chick weight at hatch by 37 and 2%, respectively and accelerated hatching time by about 24 h when compared with the D-control incubation. Chicks hatched at 504 h of incubation had significantly (p<0.01) higher body weight, expressed as an absolute value or as a percentage of egg weight, than those hatched earlier at 456 h of incubation. It was concluded that the GL incubation of meat breeder eggs reduced incubation period and chick weight at hatch and increased embryonic growth and hatchability per cent.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2005

Hematologic investigations were made on the blood samples taken from bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-seropositive Holstein-Friesian cattle in Korea, and their absolute lymphocyte count was compared with that of BLV-seronegative cattle. The incidence of persistent lymphocytosis (PL) was also determined. The normal bovine lymphocyte count was established on the basis of studies of 656 blood samples taken three times from 297 seronegative animals aged from 0~6 months to over 5 years at 5~6-month intervals. The data were examined according to 7 age groups of samples placed into their respective age groups. A peak in average total count was reached at 6~12 months ($5.36{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) and thereafter the count declined continuously until over 5 years ($3.17{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$). From the results, 99.74 percent limits were calculated, and the upper limit of the range was chosen as the cutoff point for lymphocytosis. A PL was defined as a lymphocyte count that exceeded the above 99.74 percent limits and persisted over an interval of at least three months. The criterion for PL was applied to classifying 515 blood samples obtained four times from 189 seropositive animals without clinical signs at 5~7-month intervals. It was found that 54 (28.5%) of seropositive animals were with PL; cattle with PL were in age groups of 2~3 years to over 5 years.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1426-1434
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• 2018

This study was conducted to observe the isokinetic strength (IS) of the hip, ankle, and knee joints in young age groups. Thirty eight men and thirty one women with mean age of $30.4{\pm}3.5$ and $32.8{\pm}4.4years$, respectively, were enrolled in this study. Measurements of hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction at $30^{\circ}/sec$, Knee flexion and extension at $60^{\circ}/sec$, ankle inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, and dorsiflexion $30^{\circ}/sec$ were conducted. Absolute IS (Nm), relative IS (Nm/kg), strength ratios, correlations between movements were observed. Significant differences in absolute and relative strength were observed between groups in all movement except in the relative ankle strength. Relative isokinetic strength ratios of hip flexion/extension were .45 and .55, knee flexion/extension were .84 and .89, ankle dorsi/plantarflexion were .30 and .29, and ankle eversion/inversion were .86 and .84 for men and women, respectively. In the hip extension, men had about three times the body weight, and women had about 2.5 times the strength. The abduction muscle had about 1.5 times the body weight of both men and women. Height and body weight showed the significantly strong correlating relationship with hip (r, .76-.86) and knee (r, .67-.84) strength. However, ankle strength showed the comparatively correlating relationship, especially in women (r, .03 - .36). Similar age and physique characteristics of female and male groups could provide useful isokinetic strength reference values for developing the exercise program for healthy and rehabilitation groups.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on the growth traits and genetic parameters of Thai native chickens. Methods: A total of 16,487 records for growth traits of Thai native chickens between 2017 and 2022 were used in this study. Data included the body weight at birth, body weight at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (BW0, BW4, BW8, BW12), average daily gain during 0 to 4, 4 to 8, and 8 to 12 weeks of age (ADG0-4, ADG4-8, ADG8-12), absolute growth rate at birth, at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (AGR0, AGR4, AGR8, AGR12). The repeatability test day model used the reaction-norm procedure to analyze the threshold point of heat stress, rate of decline of growth traits, and genetic parameters. Results: At temperature and humidity index (THI) of 76, Thai native chickens began to lose their growth traits, which was the onset of heat stress in this study. The estimated heritability, genetic correlation between animal and heat stress effect, and correlations between the intercept and slope of the permanent environmental effects were 0.27, -0.85, and -0.83 for BW, 0.17, -0.81, and -0.95 for ADG, 0.25, -0.61, and -0.83 for AGR, respectively. Male chickens are more affected by heat stress than female chickens with a greater reduction of BW, ADG, and AGR, values equal to -9.30, -0.23, -15.21 (in males) and -6.04, -0.21, -10.10 (in females) gram per 1 level increase of THI from the THI of 76. Conclusion: The influence of thermal stress had a strong effect on the decline in growth traits and genetic parameters in Thai native chickens. This study indicated that genetic models used in conjunction with THI data are an effective method for the analysis and assessment of the effects of heat stress on the growth traits and genetics of native chickens.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2008

Vegetation change reconstructed by pollen analysis is effective to clarify natural conditions such as climate and soil as well as intensity of human activity. Pollen analysis in Korea is difficult to obtain peaty soil sedimented by low relief geomorphollogically and formation age is usually confined to obtain information during young Holocene as well as little absolute age data. Isopollen map was constructed in order to analyze the change of vegetation environment time-spatially during Holocene based on the 30 data with age dated from 78 results from pollen analysis in Korea. The indicatives for vegetation environment were the main trees in Korea such as Alnus, Pinus, Quercus and AP/NAP during the periods of 6,000 y.BP, 4,000 y.BP, 3,000 y.BP, 2,000 y.BP, 1,000 y.BP. As a result, the regional time-spatial patterns of vegetation distribution appeared clearly on the isopollen map. The dominant vegetation stage was repeated in the different pattern e.g. the dominance between Alnus and Quercus at West Coast and between Pinus and Quercus at East Coast competitively.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1974

The authors observed the out-patients of Infirmary of the College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, by their age, sex, occupation and chief complaints. The results were as follows : 1. 51.60% of the out-patients were male and 48.40% female. 2. An absolute majority of the out-patients had their dwelling in the Special City of Seoul, their percentage being 92.78% 3. 47.54% of the the out-patients were the unemployed, 26.23% Students, 8.49% clerks and 6.03% merchants. 4. The out-patients who required for surgical treatment at the department of oral surgery were dominant in numbers their percentage being 31.86. 5. The age group of 21-25 which belongs to young adult group was dominant in number with its percent age of 21.82.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the joint position sense at the knee joint at 3 different surface conditions by using the active knee joint angle reproduction test in the standing position. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) age 20~29 years were recruited for this study. The knee joint position senses were assessed at three different surface conditions: on the floor (stable condition), TOGU (soft condition), and seat fit (unstable condition) in a closed kinetic chain. Testing orders were selected randomly. The absolute angle error was defined as the absolute difference between target angles ($30^{\circ}{\sim}45^{\circ}$ knee flexion) and subject perceived angle of the knee flexion. One way ANOVA was used to compare the absolute angle of error among 3 different conditions. The Independent t-test was used to compare the absolute angle of error between male and female. The error angles were significantly different among surface conditions ($1.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.2^{\circ}$ for the floor, $2.1^{\circ}{\pm}0.9^{\circ}$ for the TOGU, and $4.4^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$ for the seat fit, p<.05). There was no significant difference in error angle between male and female. In conclusion, the joint position sense of the knee joint in the closed kinetic chain decreased at unstable surface conditions. The result of this study indicates that surface conditions should be considered when assessing and training the joint position sense of the knee joint in clinical setting.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2010

이 연구는 한반도 최남단에 위치한 가파도와 마라도를 구성하는 용암류에 대한 $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ 절대연대 자료를 포함한 암석학적 특징을 보고하고 그 화산활동에 대해 고찰한다. 가파도의 용암류는 판상절리가 발달되어 있고 담황색 내지 담회색을 띠는 비현정질 부분과 진회색의 괴상질 부분으로 구분되는데, 암질에 따라 차별적 풍화 침식을 받았다. 한편, 마라도의 용암류는 비록 용암단위별로 그 조직이 미약한 차이를 가지지만, 주로 다공질 혹은 취반상 조직의 용암류이다. 시추코어의 지화학 자료는 가파공의 경우 현무암질 조면안산암($SiO_2$ 52.6-53.6 wt%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ 7.3-7.5 wt%)이, 마라공은 솔리아이트질 안산암($SiO_2$ 51.7-52.8 wt%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ 3.6-4.1 wt%)으로 구성되어 있음을 지시한다. 가파도 암류의 $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ 절대연대는 $824{\pm}32\;Ka$에서 $758{\pm}9\;Ka$로서, 인접한 산방산 조면암(Won et al., 1986)에 대비된다. 한편, 마라도의 것은 $259{\pm}168\;Ka$서, 비록 오차 범위가 넓어 정확한 연대를 제시하지는 못하지만 인접한 덕수공과 상모2호공에서의 암석 성분과 연대 관계를 고려하면 260-150 Ka기간 동안에 형성되었을 것으로 추정된다. 용암류의 산상, 인접 시추공과의 대비 및 해수면하의 지형을 고려하면, 제주도 남서부 지역에서 가파도는 산방산 조면암의 분출시기와 유사한 시기에 화산활동으로 한편, 마라도는 이후 260-150 Ka기간 동안 화산활동에 의해 각각 육상 환경에서 독립된 화산체를 이루었으며, 이후 해침에 의해 침식이 많이 진행되어 현재의 형태를 이루었음을 지시한다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2018

이 연구에서는 19세기 말부터 20세기 후반까지 사용된 것으로 알려진 오송 봉산리 옹기가마 유적에서 채취된 가마벽체 시료를 대상으로 TL/OSL 연대측정을 수행하였다. 고고선량은 SAR-TL/OSL법을 이용하여 측정된 매장기간 동안 시료에 축적된 흡수선량($ED_{burial}$), 배경선량($ED_{BG}$), fading 보정인자(f), 과대산출 보정인자(C)로부터 결정되었다. 또한 연간선량율 및 원산지는 시료의 자연방사능핵종($^{238}U$, $^{232}Th$, $^{40}K$)을 분석하여 산출되었다. 각 옹기가마의 TL/OSL 연대와 방사성탄소 연대를 비교 검토한 결과, 본 유적과 같은 근 현대 고고유적의 절대연대 편년을 위해서는 TL/OSL 연대측정과 방사성탄소 연대측정을 함께 수행하여 결합연대를 산출하는 것이 타당하다고 판단되었다. 오송 봉산리 옹기가마 유적의 조성 및 운영시기가 I 단계(5호, 6호 옹기가마) ${\rightarrow}$ II 단계(1호, 2호, 3호 옹기가마) ${\rightarrow}$ III 단계(4호 옹기가마)로 변천된다는 사실에 근거하여 베이지안 통계분석을 수행한 결과, 가장 이른 시기인 I 단계 옹기가마들의 사용 및 폐기시점은 $1910{\pm}23$년, II 단계는 $1970{\pm}10$년, III 단계는 $1987{\pm}4$년으로 각각 절대연대 편년되었으며, 이는 고고학적 편년관과도 정확히 일치하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.929-936
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• 2018

A basic characterization of uranium samples was performed using gamma- and X-ray spectroscopy. The studied uranium samples were eight types of certified reference materials with $^{235}U$ enrichments in the range of 1-97%, and the measurements were performed over 24 h using a high-resolution and high-purity planar germanium detector. A general peak analysis of the spectrum and the $XK_{\alpha}$ region of the uranium spectra was carried out by using HyperGam and HyperGam-U, respectively. The standard reference sources were used to calibrate the spectroscopy system. To obtain the absolute detection efficiency, an effective solid angle code, EXVol, was run for each sample. Hence, the peak activities and isotopic activities were determined, and then, the total U content and $^{234}U$, $^{235}U$, and $^{238}U$ isotopic contents were determined and compared with those of the certified reference values. A new method to determine the model age based on the ratio of the activities of $^{223}Ra$ and $^{235}U$ in the sample was studied, and the model age was compared with the known true age. In summary, the present study developed a method for basic characterization of uranium samples by nondestructive gamma-ray spectrometry in 24 h and to obtain information on the sample age.