• Title/Summary/Keyword: absolute age

Search Result 365, Processing Time 0.03 seconds

Prediction of East Asian Brain Age using Machine Learning Algorithms Trained With Community-based Healthy Brain MRI

  • Chanda Simfukwe;Young Chul Youn
    • Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.138-146
    • /
    • 2022
  • Background and Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps with brain development analysis and disease diagnosis. Brain volumes measured from different ages using MRI provides useful information in clinical evaluation and research. Therefore, we trained machine learning models that predict the brain age gap of healthy subjects in the East Asian population using T1 brain MRI volume images. Methods: In total, 154 T1-weighted MRIs of healthy subjects (55-83 years of age) were collected from an East Asian community. The information of age, gender, and education level was collected for each participant. The MRIs of the participants were preprocessed using FreeSurfer(https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/) to collect the brain volume data. We trained the models using different supervised machine learning regression algorithms from the scikit-learn (https://scikit-learn.org/) library. Results: The trained models comprised 19 features that had been reduced from 55 brain volume labels. The algorithm BayesianRidge (BR) achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) and r squared (R2) of 3 and 0.3 years, respectively, in predicting the age of the new subjects compared to other regression methods. The results of feature importance analysis showed that the right pallidum, white matter hypointensities on T1-MRI scans, and left hippocampus comprise some of the essential features in predicting brain age. Conclusions: The MAE and R2 accuracies of the BR model predicting brain age gap in the East Asian population showed that the model could reduce the dimensionality of neuroimaging data to provide a meaningful biomarker for individual brain aging.

The Representative Body Type of Lower Body of Chinese Males in Their 20s (중국(中國) 20대(代) 남성(男性)의 하반신(下半身) 대표체형(代表體型) 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, So-Young;Shim, Boo-Ja
    • Journal of Fashion Business
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.58-75
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study held human measurement for 200 male subjects in their twenties in full age living in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in China. Their lower body types were classified and grouped according to shapes and sizes. Consequently, representative body type reflecting shapes, sizes, and characteristics were chosen and presented with their measurement values to be used as the basic data for slacks pattern making and fitness evaluation. The following are the results of the analysis: 1. Homogeneity analysis was given to determine the correspondence relationships among index types, indirect types, and size types. Index Type 1 (H-Round), Indirect Type 2 (Adjacent Straight Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 1 (Medium-Thick) were correlated; Index Type 2 (A-Trapezoid), Indirect Type 1 (Bow Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 3 (Small-Slim) were corresponded; Index Type 3 (A-Balance), Indirect Type 3 (Balance Legs & Large Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 2 (Tall-Normal) were mutually related. 2. Mahalanobis distance based on each shape factor (index or indirect) and size factor (absolute) was obtained, while an index-absolute representative body type group (47 people, 24.4%) and an indirect-absolute representative body type group (45 people, 23.7%) were chosen, each reflecting shapes, sizes, and characteristics. 3. The representative body type group of lower body shapes of Chinese males in their 20s had average measurement values, such as 169.15cm (stature), 73.32cm (waist circumference), 75.76cm (omphalion waist circumference), 91.08cm (hip circumference), 106.02cm (outside leg length), 53.96cm (thigh circumference), and 74.42cm (crotch length).

Discrepancy between Clinical and Final Pathological Evaluation Findings in Early Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

  • Kim, Young-Il;Kim, Hyoung Sang;Kook, Myeong-Cherl;Cho, Soo-Jeong;Lee, Jong Yeul;Kim, Chan Gyoo;Ryu, Keun Won;Kim, Young-Woo;Choi, Il Ju
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
    • /
    • v.16 no.1
    • /
    • pp.34-42
    • /
    • 2016
  • Purpose: Early gastric cancer cases that are estimated to meet indications for treatment before endoscopic submucosal resection are often revealed to be out-of-indication after the treatment. We investigated the short-term treatment outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer according to the pretreatment clinical endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with early gastric cancer that met the pretreatment endoscopic submucosal resection indications, from 2004 to 2011. Curative resection rate and proportion of out-of-indication cases were compared according to the pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Pre-endoscopic submucosal resection factors associated with out-of-indication in the final pathological examination were analyzed. Results: Of 756 cases, 660 had absolute and 96 had expanded pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. The curative resection rate was significantly lower in the patients with expanded indications (64.6%) than in those with absolute indications (81.7%; P<0.001). The cases with expanded indications (30.2%) were revealed to be out-of-indication more frequently than the cases with absolute indications (13.8%; P<0.001). Age of >65 years, tumor size of >2 cm, tumor location in the upper-third segment of the stomach, and undifferentiated histological type in pre-endoscopic submucosal resection evaluations were significant risk factors for out-of-indication after endoscopic submucosal resection. Conclusions: Non-curative resection due to out-of-indication occurred in approximately one-third of the early gastric cancer cases that clinically met the expanded indications before endoscopic submucosal resection. The possibility of additional surgery should be empha-sized for patients with early gastric cancers that clinically meet the expanded indications.

Trends in Inequality in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence by Income According to Recent Anti-smoking Policies in Korea: Use of Three National Surveys

  • Chang, Youngs;Cho, Sanghyun;Kim, Ikhan;Bahk, Jinwook;Khang, Young-Ho
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • /
    • v.51 no.6
    • /
    • pp.310-319
    • /
    • 2018
  • Objectives: This study examined trends in inequality in cigarette smoking prevalence by income according to recent anti-smoking policies in Korea. Methods: The data used in this study were drawn from three nationally representative surveys, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the Korea Community Health Survey, and the Social Survey of Statistics Korea. We calculated the age-standardized smoking prevalence, the slope index of inequality, and the relative index of inequality by income level as a socioeconomic position indicator. Results: Smoking prevalence among men decreased during the study period, but the downward trend became especially pronounced in 2015, when the tobacco price was substantially increased. Inequalities in cigarette smoking by income were evident in both genders over the study period in all three national surveys examined. Absolute inequality tended to decrease between 2014 and 2015 among men. Absolute and relative inequality by income decreased between 2008 and 2016 in women aged 30-59, except between 2014 and 2015. Conclusions: The recent anti-smoking policies in Korea resulted in a downward trend in smoking prevalence among men, but not in relative inequality, throughout the study period. Absolute inequality decreased over the study period among men aged 30-59. A more aggressive tax policy is warranted to further reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in young adults in Korea.

Experimental Hepatic Capillariasis in Dogs (개의 실험적 간모세선충증)

  • 곽동미;권오덕
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.243-247
    • /
    • 2004
  • This studies was carried out to investigate a process of formation for the granulomatous lesions in the liver and the haematological variation with the lapse of time after infection of Capillaria hepatica in dogs. Twelve crossbred puppies, about 3 months of age and 2-3 kg of body weight, were administered with 2,000 Capillaria hepatica infective eggs. Every four puppies was sacrificed on 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks after infection, respectively. Although no marked clinical sign was noticed, total leukocyte values were increased peak on 1 week, and then reduced gradually on 3 weeks and 5 weeks after infection. Absolute differential counts of neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly increased on 1, 3 and 5 weeks after infection. Absolute differential counts of monocytes and eosinophils were trend to increase during the experimental periods. On grossly findings, liver congestions were observed in all infected puppies, and a few white specks were scattered under liver capsule in one puppy on 3 weeks and two puppies on 5 weeks after infection. On microscopic findings, many fresh larvae were observed in the liver tissues in one puppy on 1 week after infection. A worm was decayed and only a portion of cuticle was shown in one puppy on 3 weeks after infection. Around the central necrotic material, the layers of thick macrophages with a few giant cells and lymphocytes with fibrous connective tissues were consisted the granulomatous lesions on 5 weeks after infection.

Concept Analysis of Spirituality in Cancer Patients - focusing on Christianity, Buddhism, Atheism and Agnosticism - (암환자의 영성 개념 분석 - 기독교, 불교, 무종교 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Mee-La
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
    • /
    • v.15 no.4
    • /
    • pp.551-562
    • /
    • 2003
  • Purpose: All nurses should provide spiritual care for their clients. It is especially important to care spiritually for cancer patients facing the crisis of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of spirituality which is one of the basic concepts for spiritual care in cancer patients. Method: The subjects of this study were 8 cancer patients; 2 Christians,3 Buddhists, and 3 persons who did not have any religion. The data was collected and analyzed by Hybrid Model. Result: The results of this study were as follows: Dimensions of spirituality(vertical dimension connected with the absolute being, horizontal dimension related to others, existential dimension related to seeking of meaning), attributes of spirituality(dynamic process strengthened in suffering due to struggle with cancer, connectedness with the absolute being or will and belief in oneself, transcendence of reality, meaning and purpose of life, future oriented), outcomes of spirituality(intrinsic, behavioral). Conclusion: The spirituality of cancer patients is manifested differently by his(her) religion, age, past experiences and burden of family, and is able to be strengthened with cancer. Therefore, nurses should recognize that diagnosis and deterioration of cancer is not only a spiritual crisis but can be a good chance for spiritual growth, as well.

  • PDF

Effect of Prolonged Running-induced Fatigue on Free-torque Components

  • Ryu, Ji-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
    • /
    • v.26 no.1
    • /
    • pp.31-37
    • /
    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in FT (free-torque) components between non-fatigue and fatigue conditions induced by prolonged running. Methods: Fifteen healthy runners with no previous lower-extremity fractures ($22.0{\pm}2.1$ years of age) participated in this study. Ground reaction force data were collected for the right-stance phase for 10 strides of 5 and 125-min running periods at 1,000 Hz using an instrumented force platform (instrumented dual-belt treadmills, Bertec, USA) while the subjects ran on it. The running speed was set according to the preferences of the subjects, which were determined before the experiment. FT variables were calculated from the components of the moment and force output from the force platform. A repeated-measures one-way ANOVA was used to test for significant differences between the two conditions. The alpha level for all the statistical tests was 0.05. Results: The absolute FT at the peak braking force was significantly greater after 5 mins of running than after 125 mins of running-which was regarded as a fatigued state-but there were no significant differences in the absolute peak FT or impulse between the conditions. Conclusion: The FT variables in the fatigue condition during prolonged running hardly affect the tibial stress syndrome.

An Inquiry Over Characteristics of British Acoustics in the Nineteenth Century: Focusing on Its Interaction with Music (19세기 영국 음향학의 특성 탐구: 음악과의 상호작용을 중심으로)

  • Ku, Ja-Hyon
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.72-77
    • /
    • 2006
  • British acoustics in the nineteenth century is important as a foundation for modern acoustics in the history of acoustics. The Purpose and objective of acoustics was different from those in modern age. and musical motivation was distinguished among them. This study intends to clarify various aspects of interaction between music and acoustics in nineteenth-century Britain by examining related materials in both published and unpublished forms. Then music Provided acoustics with instruments, subjects, and personnel, and acoustics did much as musical science in helping to improve and develop musical scales and enhancing the exactness of measurement of absolute pitches. Music played an essential role in developing acoustics to a modern discipline in Europe, especially in Britain. all through the nineteenth century.

Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Superficial Gastric Neoplasms: A Latin American Cohort Study

  • Fernando Palacios-Salas;Harold Benites-Goni;Luis Marin-Calderon;Paulo Bardalez-Cruz;Jorge Vasquez-Quiroga;Edgar Alva-Alva;Bryan Medina-Morales;Jairo Asencios-Cusihuallpa
    • Clinical Endoscopy
    • /
    • v.55 no.2
    • /
    • pp.248-255
    • /
    • 2022
  • Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the preferred technique for treating early gastric cancer (EGC). However, very few studies have been conducted in South America. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ESD for EGC. Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort from 2013 to 2020. A total of 152 superficial gastric neoplasms that fulfilled the absolute or expanded criteria for ESD were included. Outcomes were en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates, incidence of adverse events, and length of procedure. Results: The age of the enrolled patients was 68.4±11.3 years. The number of included patients based on the absolute and expanded indications was 150 and 2, respectively. En bloc, R0, and curative resections were achieved in 98.0%, 96.1%, and 89.5% of the cases, respectively. Bleeding and perforation were reported in 5.9% and 6.6% of the cases, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 13, 20, 117, and 2 cases, respectively. Conclusions: Our study shows that ESD performed by properly trained endoscopists in reference centers is safe and effective, with comparable therapeutic outcomes to those reported in the Eastern series.

Multiple Inputs Deep Neural Networks for Bone Age Estimation Using Whole-Body Bone Scintigraphy

  • Nguyen, Phap Do Cong;Baek, Eu-Tteum;Yang, Hyung-Jeong;Kim, Soo-Hyung;Kang, Sae-Ryung;Min, Jung-Joon
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
    • /
    • v.22 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1376-1384
    • /
    • 2019
  • The cosmetic and behavioral aspects of aging have become increasingly evident over the years. Physical aging in people can easily be observed on their face, posture, voice, and gait. In contrast, bone aging only becomes apparent once significant bone degeneration manifests through degenerative bone diseases. Therefore, a more accurate and timely assessment of bone aging is needed so that the determinants and its mechanisms can be more effectively identified and ultimately optimized. This study proposed a deep learning approach to assess the bone age of an adult using whole-body bone scintigraphy. The proposed approach uses multiple inputs deep neural network architectures using a loss function, called mean-variance loss. The data set was collected from Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method with a mean absolute error of 3.40 years.