• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate soil carbon cycling of a 36-year-old larch (Larix leptolepis) stand in Korea. The aboveground and soil organic carbon storage, litterfall, and soil respiration rates were measured over twoyear periods. The estimated aboveground biomass carbon storage and increment were 4220 gC $m^{-2}$ and 150 gC $m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. Mean organic carbon inputs by needle and total litterfall were 118 gC $m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$ and 168 gC $m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. The aboveground carbon increment of the stand was similar to the annual input of carbon from total litterfall. The soil respiration rates correlated exponentially with the soil temperature at a depth of 20 cm ($R^2$ = 0.86). In addition, the exponential regression equation indicated a relatively strong positive relationship between the soil respiration rates and soil temperature, while there was no significant relationship between the soil respiration rates and the soil moisture content. The annual mean and total soil respiration rates were 0.40 g $CO_2\;m^{-2} h^{-1}$ and 3010 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$ over the two-year study period, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2007

This study has been carried out to estimate aboveground carbon contents in an average 30-years-old Betula platyphylla and 32-years-old Juglans mandshurica stands in Chungju, Chungbuk Province. Nine sample trees were cut in each forest and soil samples were collected. Carbon concentration in stemwood, stembark, branch, and foliage were ranged from 54.6% to 57.0% in Betula platyphylla and 53.5% to 56.9% in Juglans mandshurica stands. Aboveground carbon contents was estimated by the equation model logWt=A+BlogD where Wt is oven-dry weight in kg and D is DBH in cm. Total aboveground carbon contents was 34.31t/ha in Betula platyphylla stand and 21.10t/ha in Juglans mandshurica stand. Aboveground net primary carbon production was estimated at 2.31t/ha/yr in Betula platyphylla stand and 2.03t/ha/yr in Juglans mandshurica stand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2009

Due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global warming, the importance of forest ecosystems, as a place of carbon accumulation and emission, has received a great amount of recognition lately. This study was performed to help understand and provide the current status of carbon cycle in the pinus densiflora stand, Korea. The samples were collected from average 35-years-old Pinus densifiora rands in Gongju, Youngdong, Chungsan, Muju, Mupung, and Jangsu regions. Total thirty aboveground sample trees were cut, and ten roots were sampled, and soil samples were collected. Average carbon concentrations in foliage, branch, stem bark, stem wood, and root were 55.7%, 56.0%, 56.0%, 57.3%, and 56.5%, respectively. Carbon content was estimated by the model $Wt=aD^b$ where Wt is oven-dry weight in kg and D is DBH in cm. Total carbon content (aboveground and root) was 42.39tonC/ha in the Pinus densiflora stand. The proportion of each tree component to total carbon content was high in order of stemwood, root, branch, stem bark, and foliage. Total net primary production (aboveground and root) was estimated at 6.51tonC/ha/yr in Pinus densiflora stand. The proportion of each tree component to total net primary carbon content was high in order of sternwood, root, branch, foliage and stembark. Soil carbon contents in the study sites was 43.51tonC/ha at 0-50cm soil depth.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate forest carbon cycling and soil $CO_2$ efflux rates in a 42-year-old pine (Pinus densiflora) stand located in Hamyang-gun, Korea. Aboveground and soil organic carbon storage, litterfall, litter decomposition, and soil $CO_2$ efflux rates were measured for one year. Estimated aboveground biomass carbon storage and increment in this stand were $3,250gC/m^2\;and\;156gC\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Soil organic carbon storage at the depth of 30 cm was $10,260gC/m^2$ Mean organic carbon inputs by needle and total litterfall were $176gC\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}\;and\;235gC\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Litter decomposition rates were faster in nne roots less than 2 mm diameter size ($<220\;g\;kg^{-1}yr^{-1}$) than in needle litter ($<120\;g\;kg^{-1}yr^{-1}$). Annual mean and total soil respiration rates were $0.37g\;CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ and $2,732g\;CO_2m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ during the study period. A strong positive relationship existed between soil $CO_2$ efflux and soil temperature (r=0.8149), while soil $CO_2$ efflux responded negatively to soil pH (r=-0.3582).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.88 no.1
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 1999

This study has been carried out to estimate aboveground and soil carbon contents in an average 39-year-old Quercus mongolica and 40-year-old Quercus variabilis stands in Chungju, Chungbuk. Ten sample trees were cut in each forest and soil samples were collected. Aboveground carbon content was estimated by the equation model $Wt=aD^b$ where Wt is oven-dry weight in kg and D is DBH in cm. Total aboveground carbon content was 48.85tonC/ha in Quercus mongolica stand and 57.49tonC/ha in Quercus variabilis stand. The proportion of each tree component to total aboveground carbon content was high in order of bolewood, branches, bolebark, and leaves in the two forests. Aboveground net primary production was estimated at 5.88tonC/ha in Quercus mongolica stand and 5.12tonC/ha in Quercus variabilis stand. Soil carbon content was 67.0tonC/ha in Quercus mongolica stand, 67.8tonC/ha in Quercus variabilis stand, and 54.7tonC/ha in Pinus densiflora stand. There was no significant difference in soil carbon content among the three forests.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2005

From published data of mature forests worldwide, Raich and Nadelhoffer suggested that total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA) could be estimated from the difference between annual rates of soil respiration and aboveground litterfall. Here we analyze new measurements of IRGA-based soil respiration and litterfall of natural mature oak forests dominated by Quercus mongolica in Korea. Rates of in situ soil respiration and aboveground litter production are highly and positively correlated. Our results disagree with the Raich and Nadelhoffer model far world forests. A regression analysis of the data from Q. mongolica forests produced the following relationship: annual soil respiration : 141 + 2.08 ${\times}$ annual litterfall. The least squares regression line has a more gentle slope (2.08) than the slope (2.92) described by Raich and Nedelhoffer for mature forests worldwide. The regression slope of our study indicates that, on average, soil respiration is about two times the aboveground litterfall-C, which further implies that TBCA is similar with annual aboveground litterfall-C at natural Q. mongolica forests in Korea. The non-zero Y-intercept (141) of the regression indicates that TBCA may be greater than litterfall-C where litterfall rate are relativery low. Over a gradient of litterfall-C ranging from 200-370 g C $m^{-2}yr^{-l}$, TBCA increased from 350-530 g C $m^{-2}yr^{-l}$.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.472-480
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to estimate carbon storage in Quercus mongolica stands based on stand age class, and to provide basic data on the carbon balance of broad-leaved forests of Korea. The research was conducted at the experimental forest of Kangwon National University, Hongcheon-gun County, Gangwon-do Province, Korea. Three plots were set up in each of three Q. mongolica forest stands (III, V, and VII) to estimate the amount of carbon stored in Q. mongolica aboveground vegetation, coarse woody debris (CWD), organic layer, mineral soil, and litterfall. The carbon storage of the aboveground vegetation increased with an increase in stand age, while the carbon storage ratio of stems decreased. The carbon storage of the organic layer, CWD, and litterfall did not show any significant differences among age classes. In addition, the carbon concentration and storage in the forest soils decreased with depth, and there were no differences among age classes for any soil horizon. Finally, the total carbon storage in the III, V, and VII stands of Q. mongolica were 132.2, 241.1, and $374.4Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. In order to predict and effectively manage forest carbon dynamics in Korea, further study on deciduous forests with other tree species in different regions will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.5
• /
• pp.602-608
• /
• 2007

Forest plantations become important strategy not merely for the financial aspect, but for carbon sequestration and ecosystem stability. Forest plantations increase the density of the forest biomass, which reduce the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biomass density is also a useful variable for comparing structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems across a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, carbon sequestration of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in the individual tree and plantation levels estimation was carried out Site-specific allometric equation for the estimation of teak tree biomass was developed based on the direct measurement of fifteen (15) harvested trees in the Oak-twin Township of the Bago Yoma Region, Myanmar. A regression equation of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (carbon content) was constructed to estimate the carbon storage level of plantations, which averaged 79 ton/ha. The average carbon accumulation in the soil (up to 30 cm in depth) was estimated 38.89 ton/ha, The highest mean annual increment (MAI) of total carbon was found in the 6-yr-old teak plantation (12.10 ton/ha/yr) whereas the lowest MAI was in the 26-yr-old teak plantation (4.31 ton/ha/yr).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.425-436
• /
• 2015

The carbon cycle came into the spotlight due to the climate change and forests are well-known for their capacity to store carbon amongst other terrestrial ecosystems. The annual organic carbon of litter production, forest floor litter layer, soil, aboveground and belowground part of plant, standing biomass, net primary production, uptake of organic carbon, soil respiration, etc. were measured in Mt. Worak in order to understand the production and carbon budget of Quercus serrata forest that are widely spread in the central and southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The total amount of organic carbon of Q. serrata forest during the study period (2010-2013) was 130.745 ton C ha^-1. The aboveground part of plant, belowground part of plant, forest floor litter layer, and organic carbon in soil was 50.041, 12.510, 4.075, and 64.119 ton C ha^-1, respectively. The total average of carbon fixation in plants from photosynthesis was 4.935 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1 and organic carbon released from soil respiration to microbial respiration was 3.972 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. As a result, the net ecosystem production of Q. serrata forest estimated from carbon fixation and soil respiration was 0.963 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Therefore, it seems that Q. serrata forest can act as a sink that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon uptake of Q. serrata forest was highest in stem of the plant and the research site had young forest which had many trees with small diameter at breast height (DBH). Consequentially, it seems that active matter production and vigorous carbon dioxide assimilation occurred in Q. serrata forest and these results have proven to be effective for Q. serrata forest to play a role as carbon storage and NEP.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.6
• /
• pp.774-780
• /
• 2001

Aboveground carbon storage and increment of a 31-year-old pitch pine (Pinus rigida) stand were measured for five years (1997~2001) in the Jungbu Forest Experiment Station, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The carbon concentration in each component of aboveground and soil depth decreased in the order of needle>branch>stembark>stemwood>forest floor>0-15cm soil depth>15-30cm soil depth. The carbon storage except for root carbon was 140,600kgC/ha and the tree accounted for 61%, soil 31% and forest floor 8% of the stand carbon storage. Due to high tree mortality by Fusarium subglutinans infection and spring drought in 2001, carbon increment except for 2001 data was 3,233kgC/ha/yr and was in the order of stemwood>branch>stembark>needle. Carbon storage and increment were attributed to stand density and site quality. Carbon storage and increment were higher in the high site quality than in the lower site quality plot on similar tree density. Also, the high tree density site on similar site quality showed more carbon storage and increment compared with the lower tree density. The results suggest that site quality and tree density are a key factor determining carbon storage and increment in this pitch pine stand.