• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.161-161
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• 2002

The abnormal accumulation of collagen is progressive and often results in impairment of liver function, i.e. liver cirrhosis. Collagen synthesis requires several posttranslational events. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase is the key enzyme in collagen synthesis that catalyzes the hydroxylation of peptide-bound proline residues to 4-hydroxyroline.(omitted)

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objective & Method : By investigating physiological function of tri-energizer, symptoms, and organ coordination, we obtained following conclusion. Tri-energizer is the membrane structure that surrounds the five visceral organs and six hollow organs, and filled with fluid. Tri-energizer acts as the passage for the flow of qi energy. Result & Conclusion : Therefore, dysfunction of the tri-energizer is caused by abnormal evaporation and metabolism. Upper-energizer regulates cardiopulmonary function, middle-energizer regulates spleen and stomach functions, and lower-energizer regulates liver, kidneys, small and large intestines, and bladder functions. Such a functional specialization is possible by receiving the source of qi through the wall wrapping around the internal organs. Tri-energizer represents the exterior and interior relationship by acting as the membrane structure supporting the five visceral organs and six hollow organs and at the same time, as the pericardium surrounding the heart.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2016

Objectives: To observe safety and efficacy of herbal medicine for psoriasis patients. Methods: We did retrospective chart review for 107 psoriasis patients who had been treated by herbal medicine for 2 months, and we analyzed the liver function test (LFT) results and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores of before and after the treatment. Results: The mean LFT and the number of patients with abnormal LFT decreased after the treatments. More than 95% of patients with normal LFT maintained normal results at after the treatment, and only 2.1% and 4.6% patients with normal LFT showed abnormal Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) results at after the treatment. Also, both mean PASI scores for all patients and patients with abnormal LFT before the treatment decreased significantly. Conclusions: This study suggest that herbal medicine may be safe and effective treatment for psoriasis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-27
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• 1969

Plasma glucose levels before and after oral glucose administration have been compared in a group of 76 thyrotoxic subjects and a group of 8 normal control subjects in order to study the effect of glucose loading in thyrotoxicosis. Following were the results: 1. The mean fasting plasma glucose level was elevated in the thyrotoxic group(95.5mg%) compared to normal control group (88mg%). 2. The peak of glucose tolerance curve is at 30 minutes after glucose administration in both groups, but its mean value was 44mg% higher in thyrotoxic group than in control group. 3. The plasma glucose levels returned towards the fasting level in the later stage of the test more rapidly in thyrotoxic group than in control group. 4. 69.6% of oral glucose tolerance tests were impaired in the thyrotoxic group, and the occurance of abnormal glucose tolerance could be related to the degree of thyrotoxicity, sex and age. 5. The mechanisms of the impaired glucose tolerance in thyrotoxicosis are thought to be related to an increased rate of glucose absorption from gastrointestinal tract, abnormal liver function with decreased hepatic glycogenesis, increased glucose oxidation, decreased pancreatic release of insulin, and genetic relationship between diabetes and thyrotoxicosis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

Acute infectious mononucleosis, caused by Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), is a self limited lymphoproliferative illness that is common in adolescents and young adults. It shows many complications in multiple organ systems, but the hepatobiliary and the respiratory complication is uncommon. We report a case with thickened gallbladder wall and pneumonia as complications of acute infectious mononucleosis in a child. Also the related literature were reviewed. A 4 year old boy presented with a history of high fever, cough, and abdominal distension for 20days. Physical Examination revealed audible crackles in whole lung field and gross hepatomegaly. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia and liver function tests were abnormal. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a thickened gallbladder wall and hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis of primary Epstein-Barr viral infection was eventually made by specific serologic tests. The patients's fever subsided 6 weeks later and pneumonia was recovered around this time. Liver function tests returned near normal 2 months later and ultrasonography of gallbladder was normal at this time.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 1987

During the period from september, 1985 to september, 1986, 1,005 cases(475cases in male, 529 cases in female) of employees and family member were observed for the general physical examination(Human-dock) in Medical Department of Daehan Life Insurance Co. Ltd. The results were as follows. 1) The occurrence of obesity cases were observed as 130 cases(12.9%), and among the 130 cases, 34 cases(26.2%) were male and 96 cases(73.8%) were female. 2) Diabetes mellitus patients were detected as 93 cases(9.3%), and 53 cases(57.1%) were male and 40 cases(43.0%) were female. The most frequent age groups were demonstrated in age of 5th and 6th decades. 3) Hypertension patients were 85 cases(8.5%), and among the 85 cases, 42 cases (49.4%) were male and 43 cases(50.6%) were female. The most frequent age groups were 5th and 6th decades, and complication of hypertensive retinopathy revealed 54 cases(63.5%). 4) Hyperlipidemia cases were observed as 71(7.1%), and 42 cases(59.2%) were male and 29 cases(40.8%) were female. The most frequent age groups were 5th and 6th decades. 5) 69 cases(6.9%) of positive reaction of HBs Ag and 46 cases(4.6%) of abnormal erectrocardiography were detected in the total examination cases. 6) Abnormalities of liver function were observed as 58 cases(5.8%), and 46 cases(79.3%) were male and 12 cases(20.7%) were female. In ultrasonographic study, 25 cases of fatty liver were obtained in the abnormality cases of liver function. 7) Cholelithiasis and gastroduodenal ulcer patients were detected as 2 cases(2.0%) respectively. 8) In the total examination cases, pulmonary tuberculosis, positive reaction of syphilis and renal cysts(ultrasonography) were obtained as 9 cases(0.9%), 7 cases(0.7%) and 4 cases(0.4%) respectively. 9) In the total examination cases, gastric cancer and liver cancer patients were detected as 2 cases(0.2%) respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3323-3332
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of alcohol intake on blood pressure, serum lipids, liver function tests and obesity indices in middle-aged male workers. The 2,175 male workers aged 30-59 years who examined health checkup were recruited as the study subjects during the period between January to December, 2013. We observed the relationships between the amount of alcohol intake and blood pressure, serum lipids, liver function tests and obesity indices. As a result, the mean score of SBP, DBP, LDL-C and TG were significantly higher increasing with amount of alcohol increased, but HDL-C were significantly lower increasing with amount of alcohol increased. AST, ALT, ALP and ${\gamma}$-GTP were significantly higher increasing with amount of alcohol increased, but obesity indices were not significant. Age adjusted odds ratios(ORs) increasing with abnormal levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, AST and ALT were significantly increased in heavy drinking group than light drinking group. Above results suggested that the heavy drink related with blood, serum lipid levels and liver function test levels, but not find out with obesity indices.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.78-90
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• 2006

Background : Traditional herbal medicine is used extensively among the Korean populations, and other Asian countries employ similar therapies as well. In recent years, extensive focus was laid on adulteration of the herbal medicine with liver damage. The use of herbal preparations as remedies for various medical conditions has continuously increased in Korea. Large proportions of Korean patients use herbal medicinal products, folk remedies, and health food. However, studies on the safety of herbal products are conducted on a less than sufficient basis even in the countries like Korea where herbal medicine is being used extensively. Some of the reports on the safety of herbs were done by the doctors of western medicine but lack of knowledge and misclassification led to misunderstandings. Objectives : This study aims to verify the evidences on safety of frequently used 4 herbal medications (Sipjeondaebo-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Ohjeok-San, Yukmaijihwang-tang) in the lab animal model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats was treated by 4 herbal medications during 31 days. After 1 month, we checked body weight, liver weight, and serum enzyme associated with liver function. Results : There is no significant difference in body weight and liver weight after 1 month of administrations. In all experimental groups, no abnormal findings was observed in histotogical research and lab liver Functions test(AST, ALT etc). Conclusions : These four herbal medications, frequently used in oriental medicine clinics and hospitals, are safe from hepatoxic events in the lab animal model.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2021

Objective: Approximately 30% of preeclamptic pregnancies exhibit abnormal liver function tests. We assessed liver injury-associated enzyme levels and circulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels in an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat model. Methods: Pregnant and non-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) received AVP (150 ng/hr) subcutaneously via mini-osmotic pumps for 18 days. Blood pressure was measured, urine samples were collected, and all animals were euthanized via isoflurane. Blood was collected to measure circulating levels of TGF-β1-3 isomers and liver injury enzymes in pregnant AVP (PAVP), pregnant saline (PS), non-pregnant AVP (NAVP), and non-pregnant saline (NS) rats. Results: The PAVP group showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than both saline-treated groups. The weight per pup was significantly lower in the AVP-treated group than in the saline group (p<0.05). Circulating TGF-β1-3 isomer levels were significantly higher in the PAVP rats than in the NS rats. However, similar TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 levels were noted in the PS and PAVP rats, while TGF-β2 levels were significantly higher in the PAVP rats. Circulating liver-type arginase-1 and 5'-nucleotidase levels were higher in the PAVP rats than in the saline group. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate higher levels of TGF-β2, arginase, and 5'-nucleotidase activity in PAVP than in PS rats. AVP may cause vasoconstriction and increase peripheral resistance and blood pressure, thereby elevating TGF-β and inducing the preeclampsia-associated inflammatory response. Future studies should explore the mechanisms through which AVP dysregulates liver injury enzymes and TGF-β in pregnant rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.794-798
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• 2007

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is a triad that includes: hepatic dysfunction, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and abnormal arterial oxygenation. The incidence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, in adults with end-stage liver disease, has been reported to be 13% to 47%, however the incidence in children is unclear and the cases in Korean children have never been reported. The hepatopulmonary syndrome may occur as a result of chronic liver disease following nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children with hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction. We report a case of hepatopulmonary syndrome in a 13-year-old child who had rapidly progressive liver dysfunction secondary to panhypopituitarism after craniopharyngioma resection. Careful monitoring and treatment of endocrine abnormalities and metabolic status, as well as liver function, are required in all children undergoing pituitary tumor resection.