• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2330-2336
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• 2013

Since many man-made systems consist of autonomous and interactive components, it is intrinsically difficult to analyze their abnormal behavior. The logical analysis of such a system is an indispensable process for high quality and reliable system development. In this paper, we propose an analysis method using two algebraic operations, named composition and minimization. Repetitive composition and minimization of component models with respect to a set of important events produces a new analysis model that has the same input output responses to an environment. An analysis example of the alternating bit protocol demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method showing that each message generated at the sender side eventually arrives to a receiver.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2001

Food allergy is a disease caused by an abnormal immunological reaction to specific food proteins. Whole milk and soy beans are the most frequent causes of food allergy, some studies show that 2.2~2.8% of children aged between 1 and 2 year are allergic to milk. It can be classified to acute (urticaria, asthma, anaphylaxis) or chronic (diarrhea, atopic dermatitis) allergy according to clinical symptoms, or to IgE related or non IgE related allergy by an immunological aspect. Generally, allergies invading only the GI tract are mostly due to a non IgE related reaction. These hypersensitive, immunologic reactions of the GI tract, not related to specific IgE for food, present themselves in many ways such as food protein-induced enteropathy, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), celiac disease, food induced protocolitis, or allergic eosinophillic gastroenteritis. FPIES is one kind of non IgE related allergic reaction and is manifested as severe vomiting and diarrhea in infants between 1 week and 3 months. We report a case of FPIES in a 40-day old male infant presenting with 3 times of repeated events of watery diarrhea after cow's milk feeding.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2020

The emergence of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors gave rise to the solution for erectile dysfunction, starting with the development of sildenafil. Although their efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction has been shown, the side effects of PDE5 inhibitors, especially sildenafil, must be taken into consideration. A 64-year-old man received 100 mg of sildenafil and experienced blue vision in both eyes; however, after a day or so, his symptoms improved. The symptoms disappeared when he stopped administering sildenafil, but reappeared when the medication was re-administered. Therefore, he discontinued sildenafil treatment and was prescribed udenafil instead. After that, visual adverse events no longer occurred. Causality assessment showed that in this case, sildenafil-induced cyanopsia was "certain" under the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Center (WHO-UMC) criteria and Korean causality assessment algorithm (Ver.2), and was "probable" according to the Naranjo scale. In addition, sildenafil also led to abnormal visual reactions in other cases. Sildenafil can also inhibit PDE6, which is present in retinal cells, unlike other PDE5 inhibitors. Thus, visual adverse reactions, such as blue vision, are the unique results of sildenafil, and other PDE5 inhibitors may be used to prevent them.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Quality of seed in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) is determined by many important factors, wherein unfertilized eggs play an important role. Unfertilization of eggs are caused by several reasons such as, abnormality in the sexual organs of the male and female, abnormal development of the micropylar end of the egg, unfavorable environmental conditions during spinning, cocoon preservation, imperfect handling of moths, mating, ovipostion, cold storing of pupae / moths and indiscriminate use of male moths etc. Though the presence of unfertilized eggs would in no way affect the fertilized ones and their quality directly, the frequency of their occurrence underrates the quality and brings down the hatching percentage. Lower the occurrence of unfertilized eggs, higher is the rating of seed quality. Of the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and events involved in egg deposition of an adult silk moth, mating is an instinct and a biological obligation for the ultimate perpetuation of the species and a must to provide stimulus for oogenesis and bring about biochemical changes in the spermatophore of the silkworm in order to ensure the presence of sufficient number of normal sperms and testicular fluid in the female reproductive organ, activating ovulation and accelerating oviposition behavior and egg deposition. An attempt has been made in this article to briefly elucidate the characteristics of unfertilized eggs, causes of their occurrence and its impact as well as the significance in silkworm seed production.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.861-867
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• 2000

Purpose : Neuronal migration disorder(NMD) is a major underlying pathology of patients with intractable epilepsy. The role of NMD on seizure susceptibility or epileptogenecity, however, has not been documented. Methods : External irradiation of total amount of 250 cGY was performed to the fetal rats on days 16(E16) and 17(E17) of gestation. After delivery, the rats of 230-260g were decapitated for the histopathologic study. Epileptog-enecity of the NMD was studied by observing electroclinical events after intraperitoneal kainic acid(KA) injection in the control rats and NMD rats. Results : Histopathologic findings revealed focal and/or diffuse cortical dysplasia consisting of dyslamination of the cerebral cortex and appearance of the cytomegalic neurons, neuronal heterotopia in the periventricular white matter, dispersion of the pyramidal layer and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Abnormal expression of neurofilaments protein(NF-M/H) was characteristically observed in the dysplastic neurons of the neocortex and hippocampus. Early ictal onset and prolonged ictal activity on EEG and clinical seizures were observed from the NMD rats unlike with the control rats. Conclusions : Exteranl irradiation on the fetal rats produced NMD. And the rats with NMD were highly susceptible to kainic acid provoked seizures. This animal model would be useful to study the pathophysiology of clinically relevant NMDs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.365-370
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• 2004

The integration of intelligent devices, devices-level networks, and software into motor control systems can deliver improved diagnostics, fast warnings for increased system reliability, design flexibility, and simplified wiring. Remote access to motor-control information also affords an opportunity for reduced exposure to hazardous voltage and improved personnel safety during startup and trouble-shooting. This paper presents LonWorks fieldbus networked intelligent induction control system architecture. Experimental bed system with two inverter motor driving system for controlling 1.5kW induction motor is configured for LonWorks networked intelligent motor control. In recent years, MCCs have evolved to include component technologies, such as variable-speed drives, solid-state starters, and electronic overload relays. Integration was accomplished through hardwiring to a programmable logic controller (PLC) or distributed control system (DCS). Devicelevel communication networks brought new possibilities for advanced monitoring, control and diagnostics. This LonWorks network offered the opportunity for greatly simplified wiring, eliminating the bundles of control interwiring and corresponding complex interwiring diagrams. An intelligent MCC connected in device level control network proves users with significant new information for preventing or minimizing downtime. This information includes warnings of abnormal operation, identification of trip causes, automated logging of events, and electronic documentation. In order to show the application of the multi-motors control system, the prototype control system is implemented. This paper is the first step to drive multi-motors with serial communication which can satisfy the real time operation using LonWorks network.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2008

Even though the origin and nature of nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) remains unclear, it has been considered as a manifestation of the nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. We report a 17-year-old man with abnormal stereotyped movement during sleep. Video-EEG monitoring, ictal SPECT and night polysomnography did not show any evidence of epilepsy. However, the partial response to large dose of carbamazepine and the scoring according to the frontal lobe epilepsy and parasomnias (FLEP) scale suggest his events could be classified as epilepsy. Therefore we think the FLEP scale might be a useful tool for differential diagnosis in a patient presenting NPD.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2018

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is the most common disorder in elderly men, involves androgenic hormone imbalance with chronic inflammation that causes imbalance between cell apoptosis and cell proliferation. As the root cause of the BPH remains unclear and synthetic drugs for treatment of BPH have undesirable side effects, the development of effective alternative medicines has been considered. Chinese Skullcap has been considered natural remedy to treat pyrexia, micturition disorder and inflammation. Although skullcap has effective properties on various diseases, the effects and molecular mechanism of Skullcap on BPH are not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Chinese Skullcap root extract (SRE) in testosterone-induced BPH rats. Compared with the untreated group, the SRE treatment group suppressed pathological alterations, such as prostate growth and increase in serum dihydrotestosterone and $5{\alpha}$-reductase levels. Furthermore, SRE significantly decreased the expression of androgen receptor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. SRE also restored Bax/Bcl-2 balance. These effect of SRE was more prevalent than commercial $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibitor, finasteride. Taken together, we propose that SRE suppresses abnormal androgen events in prostate tissue and inhibits the development of BPH by targeting inflammation- and apoptosis-related markers. These finding strengthens that SRE could be used as plant-based $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibitory alternative.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2005

We previously pointed out that the polluted sediment elutriate manifestly affected the early events of reproductive outputs in the Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas. A serial dilution of priority xenobiotic sediment elutriates determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were exposed to gametes of the oyster with different stress burdens to detail the maternal stress transfer to its reproductive outputs. There was an apparent critical concentration over which survival and morphogenesis were significantly affected with more profound damage in morphogenesis. The critical concentration which drives mortality and abnormal morphogenesis of the larvae corresponded to a dilution between 10 and 20% of our elutriate. The adverse effects of the early lives by the xenobiotic exposure over the critical concentration were magnified by the maternal stress from the exposed benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), one of the priority polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the maturation condition. These results indicate that maternal transfer of the xenobiotic compounds from oysters living in the contaminated location might represent a significant adverse effect to their larval population of wild seeds.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2012

With the development of industry, more large-scale non-linear loads are added to existing power systems and they cause the serious power quality (PQ) problems to the nearby sensitive installations more and more. To protect the important loads and mitigate the impact of PQ disturbances on them, various compensating devices are installed. One of the most important control skills used in the compensating equipment at the load side is how fast they can recognize or detect the discontinuous abnormal PQ events from the normal voltage signal. This paper deals with two estimation methods for the fast detection and tracking of general PQ disturbances: Teager Energy Operator (TEO), which is a non-linear operator and used for a short time energy calculation, and Kalman Filter (KF), which is one of the most universally used estimation techniques. And it is also shown how to apply the TEO and the KF to detect the PQ disturbances such as voltage sag, swell, interruption, harmonics and voltage fluctuation.