• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.7 s.144
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• pp.1018-1026
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• 2005

Recent development of 3D scanner and software is regarded as a promising method of acquiring replicas from human body indirectly. It would be very helpful if we could predict the characteristics of 2D pattern from the simple parameters related to 3D shape for ordinary user. Therefore, in this study, investigation of 2D pattern of waist/abdominal area from the 3D geometrical model was conducted for the pattern development of waist nipper. To create body models and develop the surface of them, one ortho commonly used CAD/CAM program, IDEAS(UGS-plm solutions, USA) was used. As for the size of the models, the width, thickness, and circumference ranges of adult women's torso reported in National Anthropometric Survey of Korea (1997) were used as a standard model. Seven size variations were made by changing the width of the waist only, from 19 cm to 40 cm. Therefore, simulated body models include not only the normal body but also obese body who has wider waist and abdomen width than hip width. As results, it was found that the curvature of the unfolded 2D pattern around the abdominal area decreases as the waist width increases. As the width of the waist increases more and more, so that the comparative ratios around the torso becomes in abnormal ranges, there appears inflection points and the direction of curvature was changed. 2D Patterns obtained in this research were quantified by curvature, length of the curve and angle of deflection in the reference frame box for the convenience of the actual pattern making process. It was also possible to find that the shape of patterns of abnormal body resulted in a quite interesting change in the curves of 2D pattern, which could be applied to the custom made waist nipper for obese women.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 1971

It is well known that shellfish absorb and accumulate heavy metals in the water environment. When the concentration of the heavy metals in the water is above guideline, we find abnormal accumulation of them in the body of shellfish. This study on green oysters is an instance showing the relationship between the abnormal accumulation of heavy metal and industrial wastewaters containing it. The influence of the industrial wastewaters upon shellfish has been discussed from the statistical, physiological, and saprobiensystematic points of view, and the author wants to make clear of the absorption and accumulation mechanism of the heavy metals and physiological situation. This paper deals with the copper-contents in the meat of oysters which were collected in Changhang Bay and Daechun area, the latter being not supposed to be influenced by the water of the Kum River during the period from October 1970 to february 1971. The mean value of the copper contents in oysters caught at the sampling station in the Changhang Bay area is ranged from 851.5 to 143.1mg Cu/kg wet base, and that of Daechun area varied from 13.0 to 27.4mg Cu/kg wet base, so an evident difference is seen at a significance of $0.1\%$. It appears that one of the environmental factors making copper concentrated in the oysters of the Changhang area is due to the copper-contaning slug being discharged into the sea water by the Changhang Ore Refinery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 2007

This study is aimed to elucidate the abnormal growth pattern of human fetal maxilla with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Total 71 fetal maxillae with CLP were obtained from aborted human fetuses. They were examined radiologically for the dimensional changes of maxillary trapezoid (MT) formed by maxillary primary growth centers (MxPGC)(Lee et al., 1992). In palatal radiogram of the CLP maxilla, the MT was traced by the anterior and posterior MxPGCs, and the dimensions of anterior and posterior maxillary widths, maxillary length, and MT length (MTL), and MT area were measured for evaluation of the basic growth pattern of the developing maxilla. The growth of anterior and posterior MxPGCs was severely retarded in the prenatal maxillae with CLPs, showing abnormal shape of MT. Cleft lip subjects without cleft palate also showed arrested growth of MT. Unilateral cleft lipalveolar cleft or cleft palate (UCL-AC/CP) and bilateral cleft lip-alveolar cleft or cleft palate (BCL-AC/CP) showed enhanced abnormal MT pattern. The abnormality of MT was most marked in BCL-AC/CP. It was also observed that the craniofacial malformations other than CLPs produced abnormal MT. In conclusion, the MT growth of prenatal CLP maxilla was severely arrested and resulting in abnormal MT shape on the palatal radiogram. BCL-AC/CP showed more protruded nasal septum than other types of CLPs, while UCL-AC/CP showed severe deviation of the protruded nasal septum towards the non-cleft side. Cleft lip only subjects also showed the abnormal growth of MT. These data suggest that the MT is primarily involved in CLPs, and MT shape could be utilized as a sensitive indicator for the analysis of maxillary malformation in different types of CLPs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

The egg bags of Korean salamander(Hynobius leechii) were collected from farmlands in Gyeongsangnam-do area. The assumed breeding time, numerical variation of embryos in each egg bag, mortality and the rates of abnormalities were investigated. The toxicity of benomyl, the metabolite carbendazim and BIC which were frequently spread in agricultural area and caused spontaneous embryonic malformation was investigated. The assumed breeding time between the end of February and the end of March has the difference about a month because of a habitat and it takes about 2 or 3 weeks from laying eggs to hatching. The length of each egg bag and the number of embryos were very varied in each area. It is due to geographical variation. Among egg bags in total study area, only 406 of egg bags(17.70% of total egg bags) developed all of embryos to normal larvae, and 78.49% of total embryos were normally developed. The patterns of spontaneous embryonic malformation were 26 species from A to Z and the abnormal patterns in individual were 8 species and above. the geographical differences about the abnormal pattern were identified and 11 habitats categorized 4 groups. The most frequent abnormality in Gyeongsangnam-do area is the dysplasia of external gill. The caudal dysplasia, abdominal blister and dysplasia of fin were also frequently observed. Individuals showing severe external defect were histologically studied and they showed retinal hypo-pigmentation, thyroid carcinoma, somatic muscular dysplasia, degeneration of cephalic neuron and various organ dysplasia. Benomyl and carbendazim were treated by 10pM$^{\sim}$10uM and BIC was treated by 1$^{\sim}$40ppm to know the effect of toxicity about toxic substance of salamander. After benomyl was treated, a survival rate was sharply dropped from 2 to 8 days. $LC_{100}$ identified in $1{\mu}M$, $LC_{50}$ identified between 100nM and $1{\mu}M$. $EC_{50}$ was assumed between 10nM and 100nM. The prevalent external malformation was abdomen swelled abnormally and histo-pathological effects were abdomen, neural tube and lens hernia. This suggests that benomyl is the toxicitic substance which inhibits the development of digestive system and nervous system. The result of treated carbendazim was similar to that of the treated benomyl. The survival rate is sharply dropped between 2 and 6 days. $LC_{100}$ was identified $1{\mu}M$ and $LC_{50}$ was identified between 10nM and 100nM. This shows that cabendazim has stronger lethal toxicity than benomyl. Ventral blister, eye dysplasia and cephalic dysplasia in the individual of external malformation mean that cabendazim affected nervous system much more than benomyl. Because the toxicity of BIC affected less in the beginning but affected more in the near hatching period, the period causing toxicity is somewhat different. $LC_{100}$ identified near 40ppm and $LC_{50}$ identified near 25ppm. The external defect shows mainly ventral blister and histo-pathological results show intestinal deformities. This result suggests the BIC inhibited strongly the development of digestive system. These abnormal developments may be caused by antimitotic action, inhibition of tubulin complex, destruction of microtubule, inhibitions of neurulation and closing of neural fold, and by the inhibition of movement of neural crest cells of benomyl. These abnormal developments may be caused by the rupture of epithelium, the loss of microtubule, the reduction of spindle size, the inhibition of spindle assembly formation, the destruction of spindle poles of carbendazim. These abnormal developments may be caused cytotoxicity by inhibition of the synthesis of a number of macromolecules and similar reaction the inhibition of benomyl.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.821-826
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• 2001

Out of all metal-cutting processes, the hole-making process is the most widely used. It is estimated to be more than 30% of the total metal-cutting process. It is therefore desirable to monitor and detect drill wear during the hole-drilling process. One important aspect in controlling the drilling process is monitoring drill wear status. Accordingly, this paper deals with Basic system and Online system. Basic system comprised of spindle rotational speed, feed rates, thrust, torque and flank wear measured tool microscope. Online system comprised of spindle rotational speed, feed rates, AE signal, flank wear area measured computer vision. On-line monitoring system does not need to stop the process to inspect drill wear. Backpropagation neural networks (BPNs) were used for on-line detection of drill wear. This paper deals with an on-line drill wear monitoring system to fit the detection of the abnormal tool state.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.34C no.8
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• pp.49-63
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• 1997

This paper presents a current sensor that detects defects in CMOS integrated circuits using the current testing technique. The current sensor is built in a CMOS integrated circuit to test an abnormal current. The proposed circuit has a very small impact on the performance of the circuit under test during the normal mode. In the testing mode, the proposed circuit detects the abnormal current caused by permanent manufacturing defects and determines whether the circuit under test is defect-free or not. The proposed current sensor is simple and requires no external voltage and current sources. Hence, the circuit has less area and performance degradation, and is more efficient than any previous works. The validity and effectiveness are verified through the HSPICE simulation on circuits with defects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.332-333
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• 2006

The driving forces and the probable processes of WC-Co grain growth are reanalysed from recent data of interface energy and microstructure. Grain growth is driven by the disappearing of the high energy WC/WC and WC/Co interfaces with habit planes different from {0001}, ${10\bar{1}0}$ and ${11\bar{2}0}$ facets and by the area decrease of the WC/WC and WC/Co interfaces with {0001} and ${10\bar{1}0}$ habit planes. Grain growth mainly results of dissolution-precipitation. Abnormal grains are likely formed by defects assisted nucleation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.62-63
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• 2006

Both densification and grain growth are driven by the reduction of the interfacial area, kinetics of which depends strongly on the interface structure. Abnormal grain coarsening in the system of singular solid/liquid interface such as WC-Co alloys was explained by the growth mechanism of 2-dimensional nucleation. Based on this concept, the marked inhibition of coarsening of WC grains by VC addition can be approached by the increase in the step free energy, which increases the barrier of 2-dimensional nucleation. The activated sintering in tungsten powders can be approached by the interface structure change induced by the addition of a small amount of nickel.

• Journal of the Korean Medical Association
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.638-642
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• 2018

Surgery is a very hands-on area of medical care, in that surgeons identify problems in patients' bodies and directly change them through operations. Therefore, it is not only necessary for surgeons to have a high level of expertise, but also to take considerable responsibility for the outcomes of each operation. However, surgery, which was once an object of envy, has long been a process to avoid, due to various circumstances, such as abnormal medical expenses in the medical field and social phenomena that avoids difficult work. It is unfortunate that medical professionals do not receive sympathy from others within the same medical field because of the general difficulties of the profession. The fundamental problem in this situation is the abnormal profit structure of the Korean medical system. Efforts by various related organizations will be needed to objectively evaluate the problems of the current medical insurance system and to make reasonable adjustments considering the difficulty, frequency, and resource-intensiveness of medical care.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1722-1737
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• 2019

We developed an insider threat detection model to be used by organizations that repeat tasks at regular intervals. The model identifies the best combination of different feature selection algorithms, unsupervised learning algorithms, and standard scores. We derive a model specifically optimized for the organization by evaluating each combination in terms of accuracy, AUC (Area Under the Curve), and TPR (True Positive Rate). In order to validate this model, a four-year log was applied to the system handling sensitive information from public institutions. In the research target system, the user log was analyzed monthly based on the fact that the business process is processed at a cycle of one year, and the roles are determined for each person in charge. In order to classify the behavior of a user as abnormal, the standard scores of each organization were calculated and classified as abnormal when they exceeded certain thresholds. Using this method, we proposed an optimized model for the organization and verified it.