• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the PNF stabilization technique for the hip joint and the bridging exercise on the trunk stabilizer muscles in healthy adults. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy adults were randomly allocated to either a PNF stabilization exercise group (n = 12) or a bridging exercise group (n = 16). The outcome measures included the contraction thickness ratio in the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO), and the TrA lateral slide was assessed during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver using b-mode ultrasound. The researcher measured the abdominal muscle thickness of each participant before the therapist began the intervention and at the moment that the intervention was applied. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The PNF intervention program showed a significant increase in the trunk stabilizer muscle. The percentage of change in the TrA thickness showed a significant interaction between intervention. However, there were no significant differences in the IO and EO between the two groups. Conclusion: The PNF stabilization technique for the hip joint can be used effectively to improve the IO and TrA muscles in healthy adults.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of bridge exercise combined with vibration on abdominal muscle thickness. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: As study subjects, 24 adults in their 20s were classified into 12 vibration bridge exercise groups and 12 bridge exercise groups. The time was divided into before the experiment, 3 weeks after the experiment, and 6 weeks after the experiment. Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to examine changes in the muscle thickness of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscles of the trunk muscles, and the significance level was set at 0.05. If there was an interaction between time and group, post-hoc analysis was performed, and the significance level was set at 0.01. Results: There was a significant difference in the external oblique muscle in the change by period, the interaction between time and group, and the change between groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the external oblique muscle in the change by period, the interaction between time and group, and the change between groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, bridge exercise combined with vibration had a positive effect on the muscle thickness of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. It suggests the possibility of using the basic data of vibration exercise and the lumbar stabilization exercise in clinical practice.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study is research about deep trunk muscles (DTM) that is important and serve to control the movement of the trunk to provide stability during movement for human. In this study, trying to prove a change of DTM of aging in the ultrasound image. METHODS: We measured via an ultrasound image during rest and contraction of DTM in 42 young and 48 old people, and then we measured the change of thickness and symmetry. RESULTS: Symmetry showed a significant difference only external oblique (EO) in the young(p<.05). In the elderly, it was found that ratio of contraction was greater transverse abdominis than EO. CONCLUSION: I considered it could lead to improvement of activity of daily life by applying intervention for recovery of motor control of TrA for the elderly in clinical practice.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of performing shoulder and hip abduction during the V-sit exercise on abdominal muscle activity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy adults volunteered for this experiment. The participants randomly performed 6 types of V-sit exercises, including V-sit alone (hip 0°, shoulder 0°), V-sit with hip abduction 0° and shoulder abduction 15°, V-sit with hip abduction 0° and shoulder abduction 30°, V-sit with hip abduction 15° and shoulder abduction 0°, V-sit with shoulder and hip abduction 15°, and V-sit with shoulder abduction 30° and hip abduction 15°. EMG data were recorded from the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) muscles of both sides. All abdominal EMG data during the six types of V-sit exercises were measured for 5 seconds, three times, and recorded for the middle 3 seconds excluding the 1 second at the start and end. Results: V-sit with shoulder abduction 30° resulted in significantly greater muscle activity of both RA, EO compared to shoulder abduction 0°, shoulder abduction 15° (p<0.05) and V-sit with shoulder abduction 15° showed significantly greater muscle activation of the RA compared with shoulder abduction 0° (p<0.05). The muscle activity of both EO and IO in the V-sit with hip abduction 15° was significantly greater than hip abduction 0° in all shoulder conditions (p<0.05). Conclusions: Greater angles of shoulder and hip abduction produced more abdominal muscle activity increases during the V-sit exercises. Shoulder abduction affected the RA, EO muscle activation and hip abduction affected the EO, IO muscle activation. This study showed that shoulder and hip abduction during V-sit exercises enabled effective activation of the trunk muscles.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of core motion pattern on abdominal muscle thickness on unstable support surface using sling suspension system and to provide an effective exercise program for therapeutic rehabilitation in clinical practice. Methods : In this study, we used the flank exercise using a sling. It was intended for 21 healthy men and 9 healthy women. Before and after the exercise of the subjects, abdominal muscles (EO, IO, TrA the thickness of the muscle) was determined using a diagnostic ultrasonic apparatus. The period of exercise was 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The exercise for each group started with 3 sets per week and 1 set per week was added. A description of the method and attitude of each exercise is as follows. First, the push-up flank 's exercise position is to put both feet on the sling and hold the floor with both hands. Second, the side flank's exercise postures take the side flanks, while the two legs hang on the sling and one arm supports the body with an articulated bend (about $90^{\circ}$). Third, the elbow flank's exercise position is to put the two legs on the sling, and take a flank posture with the arms bent and joint bending (about $90^{\circ}$). Results : There was a significant difference in the thickness of the muscle in the three flank movements after the exercise (p<.05). The most significant difference was in the change of the muscle thickness in the abdominal muscle, the outer muscle, and the stomach in the elbow flank exercise after exercise. There was a significant difference between the mean thickness of the abdominal muscles according to the flank type after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : In flank exercise for core stabilization using sling, it is considered effective to strengthen the abdominal muscles by considering the support surface, difficulty level, change of movement pattern.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of two types specific exercise intervention (deep and superficial abdominal muscle exercises) in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Design: A randomized, comparative, repeated-measures. Subjects: Twenty-four patients with CLBP (at least for 3 months), mean $age{\pm}SD=51.58{\pm}16.21$ (yrs). Methods: Twenty-four patients with this condition were assigned randomly to two treatment groups. Both first and second group underwent 3 weeks specific exercise treatment program. The first group specific trained for the deep abdominal muscles. The second group specific trained for the superficial abdominal muscles. Results: After intervention, the first group showed a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity and functional disability levels (p<.05). The second group showed no significant change in these parameters after intervention (p>.05). Conclusions: According to results, a "deep abdominal muscle exercises" treatment approach appears more effective than a "superficial abdominal muscle exercises" treatment in patients with CLBP.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study analyzes how different knee flexion angles affect the abdominal and pelvic muscle activity during supine bridging. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the study. We used surface electromyography (EMG) to measure how three different knee flexion angles ($100^{\circ}$, $70^{\circ}$, and $40^{\circ}$) affected the activity of the transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), external oblique (EO), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles on the dominant side during supine bridging. The one-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance of TrA/IO, EO, BF, RF and GM muscle activity and the GM/BF activity ratio. For the TrA/IO, EO, BF, and GM muscles, supine bridging with different knee flexion angles resulted in significant differences in abdominal and pelvic muscle activity. For the TrA/IO muscles, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased at $40^{\circ}$ compared to $70^{\circ}$; however, there were no significant differences between $100^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$ or $100^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. For the EO muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased at $40^{\circ}$ compared to $100^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$; no significant difference was observed between angles $100^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$. For the BF muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle ($40^{\circ}$ > $70^{\circ}$ > $100^{\circ}$). For the GM muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle ($100^{\circ}$ > $70^{\circ}$ > $40^{\circ}$). However, for the RF muscle, there was no significant difference. Additionally, the GM/BF activity ratio significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle ($100^{\circ}$ > $70^{\circ}$ > $40^{\circ}$). From these results, we can conclude that bridging with a knee flexion of $100^{\circ}$ can strengthen the GM muscle, whereas bridging with a knee flexion of $40^{\circ}$ is recommended to strengthen the IO, EO, and BF muscles. We can also conclude that knee flexion angles should be modified during supine bridging to increase the muscle activity of different target muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of activation of gluteus maximus (Gmax) and abdominal muscle using EMG biofeedback on lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles in standing position. Methods: Fourteen healthy subjects with normal feet participated in the present study. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback using visual cue was used to activate the external oblique (EO) and Gmax. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcalcaneal angles were measured by electronic goniometers. All the subjects were instructed to activate the Gmax and EO monitoring increasing amounts of the muscle activities in each muscle. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were collected in three trials during resting and activation of each muscle using EMG biofeedback in standing position. The mean value of three trials was used in the data analysis. A paired-t test was used to compare the lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles between resting and activation of the Gmax and EO using EMG biofeedback. Results: The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were significantly less in the resting compared to activation using EMG biofeedback (p<0.05). Conclusion: The activaition of Gmax and abdominal muscles using EMG biofeedback play role to control the pronation of subtalar joint during the weight-bearing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the gender difference during standing balance in accordance with recruitment of abdominal muscles against sudden support surface translation. Methods: Twenty healthy males (n = 10, $26.50{\pm}3.54$ years, $170.60{\pm}6.30cm$, $72.80{\pm}5.69kg$) and females (n = 10, $24.40{\pm}2.63$ years, $163.00{\pm}4.97cm$, $52.10{\pm}4.41kg$) participated in the study. Each subject performed standing balance task on a platform, which moved in the anterior and posterior direction, with a total of 18 trials in three abdominal conditions (resting, hollowing, and bracing). We analyzed angular displacement of thoracic and lumbar spine and linear displacement of center of mass for evaluatione of spinal stability and standing balance, respectively. Results: Angular displacement of thoracic and lumbar spine and linear displacement of center of mass did not differ significantly between female and male in all conditions. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the ability to maintain spinal stability and standing balance were similar between male and female regardless of the abdominal contractile conditions and the direction of support surface translation.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to examine lateral abdominal muscle activation during maximum expiration exercise between healthy and chronic low back pain(CLBP) patients. Methods: The subjects were 16 CLBP patients and 16 healthy people between the ages of 22 and 53. The thickness of the abdominal muscles was measured using ultrasonography(LOGIQ Book XP, GE, USA). We instructed the subjects how to perform the exercises and measured changes in thickness of the transversus abdominis(TrA) and internal oblique(IO) muscles during the maximum expiration. The main outcome variables were the ratios of the TrA and IO thickness during the exercise versus in the relaxed position(TrA and IO activation ratios). Results: There were significant differences between CLBP patients and healthy subjects for TrA in the relaxed position. However there was no difference in the ratio of change in the muscle activity(TrA, IO). Conclusion: These findings, CLBP patients exhibited atrophy of the TrA muscle, but voluntary TrA muscle activation was similar to that of the normal subjects. Therefore, this exercise could be used during core strengthening in CLBP patients.