• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2007

Purpose: Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator(DIEP) free flap is known to be the most advanced method of utilizing autologous tissue. The DIEP free flap method saves most of the rectus abdominis muscle as well as anterior rectus sheath. Therefore, the morbidity of the donor site is minimized and the risk of hernia is markedly decreased. Methods: We chose the internal mammary artery and its venae comitantes as recipient vessels, and deep inferior epigastric vessels as donor vessels. The number and location of the perforators derived from medial or lateral branch of deep inferior epigastric artery(DIEA) in 23 DIEP flaps were identified. Ten patients underwent evaluation of their abdominal wall function preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively by using Lacote's muscle grading system. Results: Of the 23 patients, a patient with one perforator from lateral branch of DIEA experienced partial necrosis of flap. Total flap loss occurred in one patient. Mild abdominal bulging was reported in one patient 4 months postoperatively probably because of early vigorous rehabilitational therapy for her frozen shoulder. Postoperative abdominal wall function tests in 10 patients showed almost complete recovery of muscle function upto their preoperative level of upper and lower rectus abdominis and external oblique muscle function at 6 months postoperatively. All patients have been able to resume their daily activities. Conclusion: The breast reconstruction with DIEP free flap is reliable and valuable method which provide ample soft tissue from abdomen without compromising the integrity of abdominal wall. Selection of reliable perforators is important and including more than two perforators may decrease fat necrosis and partial necrosis of flap.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Background: Normal-weight obese women have a normal weight with relatively low muscle mass resulting from high body fat. We aimed to investigate the effects of core exercise on body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk muscular endurance, and psychological factors in normal-weight obese women. Design: One group pre-, mid-, and post-test design. Methods: A total of 20 normal-weight obese women were recruited voluntarily. Core exercises were performed for 30 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. InBody measurements, ultrasound imaging, and clinical tests were used to assess body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk and core muscular endurance, and psychological condition(satisfaction with appearance and self-esteem). The dependent variables were measured three times: before the intervention (pre-test), 2 weeks after the intervention (mid-test), and 4 weeks after intervention (post-test). One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Although there was no change in the body composition (p>0.05), thickness of the transversus abdominis and internal and external oblique muscles, endurance of the trunk flexors and extensors and core muscles, and psychological condition showed significant differences after the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings will help develop exercise programs for normal-weight obese individuals that utilize the beneficial effect of core exercises.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.632-636
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• 2009

Three dogs presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of Konkuk and Hangang Animal Hospital with a history of perineal swelling. No tenesmus, stranguria, or any clinical signs other than the swelling was observed by the owners in three dogs. On physical examination, the swelling was observed unilaterally in two dogs and bilaterally in a dog. Digital palpation to the swelling confirmed reducible perineal herniation in two dogs and irreducible perineal herniation in a dog. Plain radiographs revealed that no pelvic or abdominal contents other than the fat were displaced into subcutaneous perineal region in three dogs. Internal obturator transposition herniorrhaphy was performed for correction of perineal herniation in three dogs. Contralateral herniation involving fat was noted after surgery in a dog. The follow-up information was based on physical examination by veterinarians or telephone interview with owners. The owners reported that there was no evidence of complications related to surgery such as sciatic nerve injury, rectal prolapse, wound dehiscence, or perineal hernia recurrence in all dogs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and biosafety of Adenophorae Radix(AR) extract in obesity or overweight patient. Methods: This study is double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention Study. 30 patients with BMI $25{\leq}$ and 30> were allotted into two groups at random. In 0, $6^{th}$, $12^{th}$ week, we had checked body weight, waist line, hip line, body fat and abdominal CT scan. In 0, $12^{th}$ week, we also had checked lipid metabolism and biosafety with blood test. Results: AR treatment had a significant effect on suppressing body wight gain (p<0.01) and BMI index(p<0.01). AR treatment reduced plasma TG level but we couldn't find statistical significance. AR treatment had produced no adverse reactions. Conclusions: This study shows that Adenophorae Radix(AR) extract can reduce the weight, BMI. Adenophorae Radix(AR) extract can be used in obesity or overweight patient.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the abdominal cavity between functional dyspepsia patients and healthy people using an algometer combined with an ultrasound device. Methods : A non-randomized, controlled, pilot trial was conducted. Thirty patients in the experimental group and fifteen participants in the control group were recruited. We collected demographical data, and measured abdominal circumference, height of the body cavity, subcutaneous fat thickness, visual analogue scale of dyspepsia symptoms in the experimental group, depth of algometer and pressure of algometer when pressure pain occurred, and the whole ultrasonic image from the beginning of pressurization to the time when pressure pain occurred. The measurements were carried out twice with the duration of 1 week. Generalized linear regression was conducted to adjust baseline characteristics. Results : A total of 45 participants (30 in experimental group, 15 in control group) were recruited and finished the trial. Females were recruited more in the experimental group than in the control group and it was statistically significant. The difference in thickness of abdominal cavity between a second before the pressure pain and at the time when pressure pain occurred was statistically significant on 1st visit, and other measurements were not statistically significant. From the results of the regression analysis, the difference between two groups was statistically significant in the differences in the thickness of stomach and up to abdominal aorta on 1st visit, and the thickness of stomach on 2nd visit, and other measurements were not statistically different. Conclusions : According to the results, there were not statistically significant differences in abdominal examination when pressure pain occurred between dyspepsia patients and healthy people. Further studies are warranted to assess the abdominal examination using devices including algometer and ultrasound devices, regarding the results of the present study.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary betaine and protein levels on performance, internal e99 Qualify, blood composition, abdominal fat and liver amino acid concentration in laying hens. A total of 432 ISA-Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to four treatments with six replications for twenty few weeks. Treatments were factorially designed with two levels of crude protein(14.5 and $16.5\%$) and two levels of betaine(0 and 600ppm). The egg production was increased by feeding $16.5\%$ protein-fed group compared to that of $14.5\%$ protein-fed groups(P<0.05), but was different from betaine supplementation. Increasing protein and betaine supplementation to diets improved egg weight, egg mass and fred conversion(P<0.05). Eggshell breaking strength, thickness and Haugh unit were not influenced by either dietary betaine or protein levels. Dietary betaine did not affect serum total protein, albumin and uric acid concentration, whereas uric acid concentration was increased in $16.5\%$ protein-fed groups(P<0.05). The deposition of abdominal fat was lower in 600ppm betaine groups compared to those fed on 0ppm betaine groups(P<0.05). Concentration of the most hepatic amino acids were affected by dietary protein levels and betaine supplementation. There were synergistic effect between dietary protein and betaine. These results suggested that dietary betaine can improve the egg weight, mass, feed conversion and decrease the abdominal fat, but increase the hepatic amino acid contents.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.345-355
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• 2006

Objectives : The purposes of this study are to evaluate the effect of treatment in obesity clinic in Dae-Gu Hanny University and to improve the oriental medical methods of treatment in obesity patients. Methods : 62 patients were classified into four groups by Body Mass Index(BMI) : normal, overweight, 1st obesity and 2nd obesity groups. Weight, BMI, body fat rate and abdominal fat rate were compared in each group by t-test. Results : In distribution of sex, male were 10(16.1%), female were 52(83.9%). Mean age was $31.0{\pm}2.59$ and the patients in twenties and thirties were the most. Mean weight was $71.80{\pm}4.08kg$ and 1st obesity group(23) was the most. Mean BMI was $27.11{\pm}1.20(kg/m^2)$. BMI Changes in obesity groups treated by obesity clinic were $0.95{\pm}0.68kg/m^2$ in normal group, $1.45{\pm}0.38kg/m^2$ in overweight group, $2.67{\pm}0.48kg/m^2$ in 1st obesity group and $4.01{\pm}1.10kg/m^2$ in 2nd obesity group. The changes in all groups were significant. The more the obesity degree was. the more weight loss was. Conclusions : The weight and BMI in patients were almost decreased significantly when they treated. It resulted that the effect of oriental medical treatment in obesity was positive. This study is the effect of treatment in obesity by several medical methods and it is thought that the study of the effects of treatment in obesity by each medical methods that were used in this study is necessary.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2010

An 11-year-old, spayed female, weighing 10 kg miniature Schnauzer was admitted for abdominal distension, anorexia, pollakiuria, and constipation. A large, homogeneous fat opacity mass was identified in the retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity on the abdominal survey radiography. The mass displaced the descending colon peripherally and ventrally, and the urinary bladder ventrally. On the abdominal ultrasonographic examination, the mass was uniformly hyperechoic with a coarse internal echo texture and had outer hyperechoic capsule, and it showed homogeneously same attenuation (-180 ~ -110 HU) as adjacent fat on the computed tomography. There was no evidence of invasion into the surrounding structures or organs. Cytological findings from fine needle aspirates were numerous sheets and clusters of adipocytes. The dog showed complete resolution of clinical signs after surgical resection of the mass. The mass was confirmed as simple lipoma through histopathological examination.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 1992

Diagnostic approaches such as angiography, ultrasound, computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance have limitation for contributing to the early clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Recently, $^{99m}Tc-labelled$ low density lipoprotein was developed to detect early atherosclerotic lesion by external imaging with gamma camera. To determine whether $^{99m}Tc-LDL$ scintigraphy can visualize the active atherosclerotic lesion, rabbits were injected with $^{99m}Tc-LDL$, 3 months after feeding dietary fat (lanolin) and we obtained following results. 1) Labelling efficiency of $^{99m}Tc-LDL$ was $79\sim88%$. 2) Biodistribution study of normal rabbits with $^{99m}Tc-LDL$ revealed the high activities in spleen, adrenal gland, liver, kidney which are major organs of high metabolic rate of LDL. 3) Three months after feeding lanolin, serum cholesterol was markedly increased from $74{\pm}17mg/dl$ to $979{\pm}153mg/dl$ and histologic study of aorta after sacrificing the rabbit demonstrated marked atherosclerotic changes. 4) Atherosclerotic lesion of abdominal aorta which was confirmed with histologic study could be demonstrated in $^{99m}Tc-LDL$ scintigraphy after feeding lanolin for 3 months. In conclusion, the results of this preliminary investigation suggest that it may be possible to image active atheromatous lesion with $^{99m}Tc-LDL$. It is anticipated that this promising agent may allow the in vivo monitoring of preclinical atherosclerotic lesions and may be useful to evaluate the metabolic pathway of LDL in humans.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out how changes in body shape of obese patients could be affected by the combined management of diet and psychotherapy along with exercise therapy to control energy imbalance, the cause of obesity. Methods : In this study, the aerobic exercise program was conducted on 12 industrial workers of "D" company for a total of eight weeks for obese patients with a high body mass index (25 kg/㎡ or higher). The experimental group did not apply the program three times a week. The body type analysis was carried out using the body analyzer (Inbody 770, Inbody, Korea) and blood test and psychological test were performed after 8 weeks of exercise before and after exercise. Results : The results of the group showed a change in weight loss of 6.03 kg (p=.000) on average, which is nearly 10 % of the change in weight. It was also shown that the BMI (body mass index) decreased by 1.76 kg/㎡ (p=.000). Abdominal fat (AO) is also 0.14 % (p=.000), waist circumference (WC, 12.72 cm, p=.000), internal fat (VF, 25.12 %, p=.000), liver function levels AST (5.47 U/L, p=.04), ALT (13.64 U/L, p=.000), total cholesterol, pTC -14.22. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, the obesity management program will be able to maximize the effects of obesity control if exercise programs and psychotherapy are combined.