• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1155-1162
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• 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and $TiO_2$ marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 California growing rabbits ($1.81{\pm}0.19kg$ live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six rabbits each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg titanium dioxide as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and crude fiber (CF) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of CF from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore $TiO_2$ as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in rabbit diets.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.2042-2049
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• 2019

Ten gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material obtained from NIST, USA. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) installed at National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan has been used as a reliable and improved technique to determine concentration of various major/trace and toxic elements e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ti, Cd, Ga, Cr, V and Ni, in the Gizzard and Flesh samples of the broiler. The concentrations of all the detected elements in the samples are statistically significant. The certified and measured values of the elements in the reference material were in agreement with each other within a deviation of 7%. S, Cl, K and Ca are within tolerable limits and are good for human consumption. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were more than the acceptable limits of World Health Organization, WHO whereas Ga, As, Sn, Sb and Pb are not detected in most of the samples.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2002

A rectangular straight microchannel, integrated with the resistance temperature detectors(RTDs) for temperature sensing and a micro-heater for generating the Temperature gradient along the channel, was fabricated. Its dimension is 57${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(H)$\times$200${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(W)$\times$48,050${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(L), and RTDs were placed at the inner-channel wall. Si wafer was used as a substrate. For the fabrication of RTDs, 5300$\AA$ thick Pt/Ti layer was sputtered on a Pyrex glass wafer. Finally, the glass wafer was bonded with Si wafer by anodic bonding, so that the RTDs are located inside the microchannel. Temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR) values of the fabricated Pt-RTDs were 2800~2950ppm$^{\circ}C$ and the variation of TCR value In the range of O~10$0^{\circ}C$ was less than 0.3％. Therefore, it was proved that the fabricated Pt-RTDs without annealing were excellent as temperature sensors. The temperature distribution in the microchannel was investigated as a function of mass flow rate and heating power. The temperature increase rate diminished with decreasing the applied power and increasing the mass flow rate. It was confirmed from the comparison with the simulation results that the temperature measured inside the microchannel is more accurate than measuring the temperature measured at the outer wall. The proposed temperature sensing method and microchannel are expected to be useful in microfluidics researches.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.418-427
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• 1997

$La_2O_3$가 각각 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 3, 5 mole% 첨가된 $0.05pb(Sn_{0.5}Sb_{0.5})O_3＋0.11PbTiO_30.84PbZroO_3＋0.4Wt%MnO_2$ (이하 0.05PSS -0.11PT-0.84PZ+0.4wt%$MnO_2$)계를, $1250^{\circ}C$에서 $PbZrO_3$를 분위기 분말로 사용하여 성형체 무게의 1/2을 함께 넣고 소결체를 제조하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 소결체의 밀도는 7.683 g/$\textrm {cm}^3$에서 7.515 g/$\textrm {cm}^3$ 범위였으며, 3 mole% $La_2O_3$를 첨가한 경우 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 0에서 5 mole% 범위에서 $La_2O_3$ 첨가량을 증가시킬 때 평균 입경이 9.0 $\mu \textrm{m}$에서 1.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$까지 감소되었다. 결정구조의 경우 $La_2O_3$첨가량을 0에서 1 mole%로 할 때 0.05PSS-0.11 PT-0,84PZ계에서 고용된 상을 형성하였으나 3, 5 mole%로 첨가량을 증가시킴에 따라 제2차 산이 형성되었고, 소결체를 $120^{\circ}C$ 또는 $140^{\circ}C$에서 $5 KV_{DC}$ /mm로 20분간 poling 전후에 $La_2O_3$ 첨가량이 0 에서 3 mlole%까지 증가될수록 1KHz에서의 유전 상수는 증가되었으며, 유전손실은 모든 경우에서 1 % 미만의 값을 나타내었다. $La_2$O$_3$첨가량이 0, 0.5, 1, 3 mole%로 증가됨에 따라 큐리온도가 208$^{\circ}C$, 183$^{\circ}C$, $152^{\circ}C$ 그리고 $127^{\circ}C$로 감소되었다. $La_2O_3$가 증가됨에 따라 대체로 $K_{p}$ 증가되었으며 0.7 mlole%의 $La_2O_3$를 첨가한 소결체를 $140^{\circ}C$에서 poling한 경우 가장 높은 $K_p$값으로 14.5 %를 나타내었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

This paper was to investigate of a adhesiveness for the plasma sprayed coating materials did salt spray by acoustic emission method in tensile loadings. The powders used for the coating were nickel aluminum composite powder Ni-4.5wt.%Al and titanium dioxide powder $TiO_2$. These powders were coated on a carbon steel S45C by plasma spray method. The result solution was a 5% NaCl and the slat spray times were 2, 5 and 10 hours respectively. The salt solution penetrated into the surface of the substrate through pore of the coating layer built in the process of plasma spay. Corrosion productions formed on the surface of substrate. The adhesiveness between the substrate and the coating layer is weaken by corrosion and the exfoliation initiated chiefly at the corrosion surface of the substrate. The AE events and energy of the corroded coating specimens decreased as the salt spray times increased.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.424-429
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• 2004

The high speed machining center(HMC) has been widely applied to manufacture a die and trial product in many machine industry. Because the evaluation for HMC is not sufficiently performed and the efficient cutting conditions can't be selected, a peat loss has been caused in the cost aspect. In this study, the need of preliminary running time and unstable spindle speed is presented by the analysis of acceleration in idling. The Machinability for the TiA1N coated flat end mill and STD11 (H$\sub$R/C60) is evaluated from the trends of tool wear and cutting force according to cutting conditions . The resonance spindle speed is identified through the tool wear and natural frequency test.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2005

In recent years, vision sensors are widely used to mobile robot for navigation or exploration. The analog signal transmission of visual data being used in this area, however, has some disadvantages including noise weakness in view of the data storage. A large amount of data also makes it difficult to use this method for a mobile robot. In this paper, a digital data compressing technology based on MPEG4 which substitutes for analog technology is proposed to overcome the disadvantages by using DWT(Discreate Wavelet Transform) instead of DCT(Discreate Cosine Transform). The TI Company's DSP chip, TMS320C6711, is used for the image encoder, and the performance of the proposed method is evaluated by PSNR(Peake Signal to Noise Rates), QP(Quantization Parameter) and bitrate.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.213-216
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• 1991

In this study, PZT powder was synthesized by coprecipitation method us ing $Pb(NO_3)2$, $ZrOCl_2{\cdot}8H_2O$ and $TiCl_4$ as starting raw materials. Homogeneous and fine-grained PZT powder was obtained by the coprecipitation method. PZT powder was characterized by DTA, SEM and XRD analysis. The XRD peaks were observed at $600(^{\circ}C)$ and over.

• 암석학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

The Latite Ridge Latite in the East Tintic volcanic field, Utah in USA occurs as a welded ash-flow tuff, has 63.7-66 wt% $SiO_2$ on an anhydrous basis, and shows calc-alkaline affinities. The rocks fall in the trachyte field of IUGS classification. It is characterized by unusally high $K_2O$ content (5.9-7.6 wt%), relatively high equilibration temperature (950-973$^{\circ}C$), and biotites with high $TiO_2$ content (7.4-8.2wt%). Various differentiation processes were tested using the XLFRAC program to infer the origin of the Latite Ridge Latite. The results suggests that crystal fractionation from shoshonite is one possible process to generate the Latite Ridge Latite. Shoshonite of the East Tintic volcanic field was possibly formed by crystal fractionation from a subduction-related K-, Mg-rich mafic magma.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 1991

The root nodules and Glycine max were classified as determinate nodule based on their morphological characteristics, and isolated endosymbiont as a Bradyrhizobium based on its growth rate and single subpolar flagellum. The isolate was similar to B. japonicum USDA110 in utilization of carbon source, growth at 38.deg.C and 2% NaCl, production of $H_{2}$S and especially in the restriction endonuclease digestion pattern of symbiotic genes, allowing them to be placed in sTI group together. The former, however, grew better than the later in broad pH range from 5.0 to 9.5. Infectivity and effectivity of the isolate were confirmed by inoculation of soybean seedlings with the isolates. Characteristics of the reisolated endosymbiont from induced root nodules were identical to those of the first isolate. From these results, it was confirmed that Bradyrhizobium strain isolated from the root nodules of Glycine max was a real symbiont, and was named B. japonicum SNU001.