• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the knowledge levels, attitudes, and factors affecting the choices on the education of the participants who completed their education of persons conducting clinical trial workers, and to assess the problems of the current education system for clinical trial workers, leading to improvements. Methods: Clinical trial workers (including principal investigators/subinvestigators, members of the Institutional Review Board [IRB], clinical research coordinators) who were affiliated to one of the 4 university hospitals running their own clinical trial center and IRB in Daegu and completed their education of persons conducting clinical trial workers were the subjects of this study. One hundred seven online questionnaires were answered from 2021-04-02 to 2021-04-17. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the acquired data. Independent t-test and 1-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the differences in the knowledge levels and attitudes following the characteristics of the education participants. Results: The baseline characteristics of the 107 participants were as follows: the majority of the participants were female (72.0%), were in their 30s (36.4%), had a nursing major (29.0%), were clinical research coordinators (63.6%), had never experienced a principal investigator (79.4%), had participated 3 or more educations (58.9%), had completed their maintenance course (55.1%), had 5 or more years of clinical trial experiences (34.6%). The fields on which participants had low levels of objective knowledge were "types and preparations on audits of clinical trials," "regulations on clinical trials (Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, Korea Good Clinical Practice)." The difficulties that the participants faced were on "annual educations" and "lack of information regarding the educations." Factors that showed significant differences in objective knowledge were sex (p=0.02), number of educations (p=0.004), the curriculum of 2020 (p=0.001). Age (p=0.004), having experienced a principal investigator (p=0.006), number of educations (p<0.001), the curriculum of 2020 (p<0.001), clinical trial career (p=0.001) were factors that significantly affected subjective knowledge. Attitudes toward the education were positively correlated with objective knowledge (r=0.20, p=0.04) and subjective knowledge (r=0.32, p=0.001). Major sources through which information on educations was acquired were "institutional notices," and major factors affecting the choices on the education were "when the education took place" and "where the education took place." "Within the affiliated institution," "Online classes (recorded)" and "IRB and review processes" were each the most preferred place, mode, and content of the education. Conclusion: Knowledge levels varied largely among participants who completed their education of persons conducting clinical trial workers, depending on their characteristics such as the number of educations. Participants also complained about their lack of information on educations. The quality of education may be improved if clinical trial organizations are designated as education facilities. Education programs must be developed considering the knowledge level and demand of the participants. Furthermore, as offline classes may be impossible due to pandemics such as the coronavirus disease 2019, the development of diverse and sophisticated online classes is looked forward to.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.132-143
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• 2023

Objectives: We aimed to describe the reporting patterns of 6 notifiable surveillance diseases in the Republic of Korea, including water- and foodborne infections, from 2012 to 2021. Methods: For the 12,296 cases that met the reporting criteria, we calculated the number of reported cases, including the number of cases confirmed by lab tests or suspected by a physician, the number of cases with delayed reporting and their average days of delay, and the median days required to report the confirmatory test results. Results: The overall number of reported cases consistently increased over the ten years, with a significant rise in the reported cases of typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and EHEC. Ninety-five percent of all reported cases were timely reported within one day of diagnosis. Vibrio vulnificus had the highest rate of delayed reporting (6.8% delayed over 1 day, 3.0% delayed over 3 days), while cholera had the lowest rate (1.9% delayed over 1 day, 0.1% delayed over 3 days). The average days of delayed reporting was 6.1 days: the highest for paratyphoid fever (10.8 days) and the lowest for cholera (2.7 days). For typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, there has been an increase in the proportion of cases with negative test results. For vibrio vulnificus, there has been an increase in the proportion of cases with confirmed positive test results. As for EHEC, there has been a recent increase in cases with no confirmatory tests. Conclusions: Reported cases of water- and foodborne infectious diseases increased, indicating improved surveillance system completeness. However, for paratyphoid fever, improvements are needed in terms of timely notification by healthcare facilities and timely reporting of confirmatory test results.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.227-240
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• 2005

Health promotion has more comprehensive approaches in recent years. Nevertheless we accept the concept of health promotion differently, we are agree on that community is the most important field in health promotion which includes population at the aspect of health policy, individual skill and, environment. And there are a number of different approaches to health promotion. In them, 'population approaches' and 'high -risk group approaches' has the most different characteristics. 'Population approaches' is equally important or more important than 'individual approaches' for maintaining and promoting population health. Almost part of this article contents is the summary of the guideline and population strategy of health promotion in Korea, 1999 - 2005. Community based health promotion program should be reinforced, integrated, comprehensive, collaborative through efficiently utilizing community resources. Recent new orientation of community health program is integrated health program, we can find this orientation at Ottawa charter 1986. Comprehensive approaches with the determinant factors for health are essential task. Physical activity is a key health determinant. The population-health approach suggests that educating people about physical activity is not enough. Individual behavior changes are important too, but need to be balanced with strategies for environmental change. Population strategy with physical activity for health promotion should be developed through improving social and physical supportive environment, linking and integrating community resources between public and private sectors in national, regional and local level. Continuous public education and social marketing should be provided through collaborating with community physical activity organization, facilities, work-places and school for increasing concern of all the people of community about physical activity. Governments, agencies and citizens should held and participate to building movement. And the strategy that various 'active for life' program should be developed, delivered, maintained and reinforced continuously. Basically, adequate and sufficient financing, developing human resources, policies and legislation would be provided and supported fully too. At last, research development and knowledge exchange are required domestically and internationally. In Korea, we had classified the category of strategic priority of physical activity programs by environmental support, life-course approach, high-risk group approach and disease group approach for physical activity program based on community health center. Community based core programs for physical activity that includes infrastructure building and establishment of supporting environment, community campaign, health promotion education and public service announcement, physical activity programs for elderly and obesity, exercise prescription program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.38-51
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• 2015

In the maps of the period, there were three large ponds called Dongji(東池), Seoji(西池) and Namji(南池) in Hanyang, the capital of Joseon Dynasty. They were different than the ponds found in the palace, civic buildings, and private dwellings. Dongji, Seoji and Namji were ponds relating to Fortress wall of Seoul, and all had lotuses cultivated in them. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the locational and spatial characteristics of these ponds and to detail the construction and reconstruction process and management conditions through maps, drawings, illustrations, historical records and literary works from the urban environmental perspective. The results are as follows. First, Seoji and Namji were intended for Bibo(裨補) which redeemed the geographical weaknesses of Hanyang, securement of bright court water(明堂水), supplement for fire energy(火氣), fire preventive water and waterscape facilities, while Dongji was emphasized on protecting water mouth(水口) besides Bibo and securement of bright court water. Second, Seoji was connected to mountain streams and Dongji and Namji were to ditches. The ponds connected to ditches had been difficult to fill and maintain. Third, Seoji and Namji were in urban areas, whereas Dongji was in farmlands, and these locational differences had an influence on the use of ponds. Fourth, the shapes of ponds, in contrast to the ponds in palace and civic buildings, which were perfectly square, were either freeform or square with rounded edges. Fifth, lotus ponds could be maintained by continuous management polices, earth filling and reconstructing process were repeated during the Joseon Dynasty. The lotus ponds of Fortress Wall of Seoul which had managed over 500 years, were built in, in accordance with the tenets of Bibo pungsu geomancy; however as time passed, they were maintained not only as public open spaces, but also a cultural attraction for residents and visitors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 1981

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the educational content which had been given by midwifery training program. It was hoped that this result would help. It was sponsored by com-munity health worker plan effective health education. College of Nursing Ewha Womans University and The Korean Nurses Academic Society during the November 19 thru 24, 1979. It was carried out on July through on September 1980, and involved 22 community health workers. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the community health workers came from Seoul ＆ Pusan areas and have been working at the hospitals. There were 31.82% of Head Nurses, 27.2% of Staff Nurses, 22.73% Nurse Supervisons, 13.6% of Nurse Directors and 4.5％ of educational coordinator for Nurses. These participant had nurse-midwifery lincences by 63.64%. None of there had just midwifery lincences. 2, Age structures of the study population shows 31.82% of whom are.26-30 years and 22.73% of whom are 36. 40 years of age. This shown that seniority proportion is higher than the younger. There are 31.82% of 1-5 years, 27.27% of 6-10 year and 11-15 years, respectively by work career. 3. There are 54.55% of the institutions have opened their own midwifery training course for their nursing staff members. Because of lack of the facilities, shortage of instructors, and problems of administrative process. 4. According to the institution which opened for midwifery training courses, the participant was responsible for “midwifery”“Infant care”“MCH”“practice of midwifery”“Nursing adjustment”and“F. P.”5. During the midwifery couse, there were 8 institution who used the textbook and 4 institution who did not. Least of there referned to content matinals which was given by the sponsored. 6. There are 7 insititues who kept their training courses with other professional helps such as physicians., professiors and nurses. Some problems are pointed out by respondents such as“conflict with residents”“poor suportive administration”and“lake of manpower”. 8. The participant showed that they learned new knowledge as trends during this programs for there quality work so it need (one or twice times) a year. But they suggested that it needed more emphasis on the“maternal health care”and“role of the nurse-midwifery”. 9. The analysis of the results are as follows within the 6 areas which are given by the sponsored: There are highest ranks between“basic theory & family planning”“role of midwifery & nursing practice”. In the prenatal care the highest rank ware related to“health risk”on“idenify of risk symtoms”. In the health care areas which related to delivery, the responsers were related to“general conditions”or“high risk criteria”. In the health care area which related to high risk maternity care. In the neonatal health care, the highest rank was related to”health assessment of normal infant”. In the infant health care the responses was related to“abnormal symptoms”and“risk symptoms”. Actually, the participants show that they are more interested in“role of midwifery”“health assessment”and “high risk maternity care”are which emphasised on health promotion, health maintenance & disease preventive. 1) The midwifery training program need higher education for midwifery on a regular basis. 2) Within the open institution of midwifery training program, the nurses must be supported by their own institution and administry of social welfare must give systematic support. Also non-open institution must be open very soon. 3) All health workers including the residents & other workers, must cooperate for their phased common good of impovement of the maternity health. 4) Administration agonies & education institutions must provide the curriculum facilitis and administration systems which are needed for training of nurse-midwifery.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

This study was carried out to reveal the status of health examination among farmers and to attract more attention to the health care system for farmers. Ten pre-trained medical students interviewed the rural residents 18 years of age and older in eight villages which were randomly selected from a county near Taegu city in Korea, in August 1996. Finally 751 persons were interviewed of whom the percentages of male and female were 41.8%, 58.2% respectively. Among the subjects, 361(48.3%) were fully engaged in farming, 184(24.4%) were partly engaged, and the remaining 206(27.3%) were not engaged in farming at all. The overall prevalence of farmer's disease was 23.0% and there was no significant difference between the group of fully engaged in farming(23.3%) and the group of not-fully engaged(22.9%). But the prevalence of farmer's disease in female subjects(27.8%) was significantly higher than that in male(16.2%)(p<0.01). Among the 288 farmer engaged in spraying pesticide, 113(39.2%) had experienced one or more pesticide related symptoms during last one year, but only 18(15.9%) of them had visited medical facilities due to their symptoms. The experience of receiving education about pesticide was significantly correlated with the degree of wearing protectors during pesticide spraying(p<0.001). Among the 736 persons excluding non-respondents, 281(38.2%) received health examination during last one year ; 176(62.6%) of them received free health examination, and 105(37.4%) received charged one. Among the 533 persons 40 years age and older, only 124(23.3%) had received the 'health examination for the elderly' during last one year, which is provided for the 40 years age and older by Korea medical insurance corporation and medical insurance societies. Most of all beneficiaries of self-employed medical insurance thought the imposed contributions as very expensive(77.4%) or moderately expensive(13.2%). The great majority of farmers are exposed to various health risk factors including pesticide, high temperature, overwork etc. comparable to industrial workers. But farmers are excluded from the regular yearly worker's health examination because of not belonging to a company despite they pay relatively more medical insurance contributions compared with the industrial workers and the urban self-employed medical insureds. It is necessary to develop special health management program for farmers such as the special health examination for the industrial workers exposed harmful agents.