• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.651-661
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• 2024

Chicken broth has a taste of umami, and the stewing time has an important effect on the quality of chicken broth, but there are fewer studies on the control of the stewing time. Based on this, the study was conducted to analyze the effects of different stewing times on the sensory, small molecular metabolites, free fatty acids, and volatile flavor compounds contents in chicken broths by liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, headspace solid-phase microextraction, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighty-nine small molecular metabolites, 15 free fatty acids, and 86 volatile flavor compounds were detected. Palmitic and stearic acids were the more abundant fatty acids, and aldehydes were the main volatile flavor compounds. The study found that chicken broth had the best sensory evaluation, the highest content of taste components, and the richest content of volatile flavor components when the stewing time was 2.5 h. This study investigated the effect of stewing time on the quality of chicken broth to provide scientific and theoretical guidance for developing and utilizing local chicken.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2000

Recent research on the fatty acyl chains in the membrane lipids in Sarcina ventriculi has shown that unusually long chain bifunctional fatty acyl components are the major components of the total lipid. However, these studies did not yield any information on the complete structures of the lipid species containing these fatty acids. In this study, the structures of a new family of glucolipids containing bifunctional acyl chains are described. These structures were determined using NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy, GC (Gas Chromatography)/MS (Mass Spectrometry), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and FAB (Fast Atom Bombardment) mass spectrometric studies. One of the major bifunctional acyl components of the $\alpha$-glucolipids was an $\omega$-formylmethyl ester indicating the presence of plasmalogen. The general structure of the lipid components was one in which the two head groups were separated by a membrane-spanning acyl species. One head group component is a glycerol moiety of each head group, and the other is a glyceryl clucoside. Two regular chain fatty acids, one on the glycerol moiety of each head group, are also present and meet in the middle of the membrane, roughly equidistant from each head group.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.874-880
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• 1997

Various classes of phospholipids were investigated for the structural determination of fatty acyl groups by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB-MS/MS). Phospholipids were desorbed by FAB as molecules chelated with sodium ion (or ions). Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of intact sodium adduct molecular ions ([M+Na]+, [M-H+2Na]+ or [M+Na-2H]-) produced a series of homologous fragment ions via the charge-remote fragmentation along the fatty acid chains. These ions were found useful to locate the double bond positions even for the polyunsaturated fatty acid chains. The regiospecificity of the acyl chain linkages in phosphatidylcholine (PC) could also be determined based on the ratio of relative abundance of the product ions (i.e., [M+Na-85-R2COOH]+ vs [M+Na-85-R1COOH]+) in CID-MS/MS of [M+Na]+. These are generated by the loss of fatty acyl groups at sn-1 and sn-2, respectively, together with the choline group. In all the phospholipid compounds investigated, loss of the fatty acid at the sn-2 position was dominant. The present method was applied to the structural determination of molecular species of phosphatidylglycerols (PG) isolated from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.222-244
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• 2002

A mixture of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids from the oils of pine nuts was well resolved to five fractions differing by degree of unsaturation by silver ion solid-phase extraction column chromatography ($Ag^{+}$-SEC). Polyunsaturated fatty acid with non-methylene interrupted conjugated double bond (NMiDB) radical held more strongly to silver ions in the column than methylene interrupted conjugated double bond (MiDB) one when they had the same number of double bonds. Although both the picolinyl ester and DMOX derivative provided clear mass ion species powerful enough to elucidate the structure of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with NMiDB and/or methylene interrupted conjugated double bond (MiDB) radical in the oils, the picolinyl ester of PUFA with NMiDB radical did not provide a cluster of mass ions neighboring diagnostic mass ions induced by the double bond in the proximal to the carboxyl group. However, the DMOX derivative of PUFA with NMiDB group as well as MiDB showed abundant mass ion species differing by gaps of 12 amu, which made it possible with greater ease to locate the double bonds in the molecule. The oil contained $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ (46.2 %) and $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ (25.4 %) as main components, and considerable amounts of PUFAs with NMiDB radical such as ${\Delta}^{5.\;9.\;12}-C_{18:3}$ (16.0 %), ${\Delta}^{5.\;9}-C_{18:2}$ (2.3 %) and ${\Delta}^{5.\;11.\;14}-C_{20:3}$ (0.8 %).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.863-870
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the grade of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography and hyperlipidemia and obesity indicators by age groups. A total of 1,470 patients of various sex and age groups were examined by abdominal ultrasonography at the H Center in Chungbuk. The patients were classified as normal and fatty liver by age groups (below twenty, the thirties, forty, fifties, and over sixties). The grade of fatty liver was classified in detail as Grade 1 (mild fatty liver), Grade 2 (moderate fatty liver), Grade 3 (severe fatty liver). We selected indicators of hyperlipidemia as total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The obesity indicators were height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. The demographical descriptive statistic analysis and frequency analysis by age groups were performed. The difference of average and correlation between hyperlipidemia and obesity indicators were analyzed. As a result, patients over 60 have fatty liver regardless of sex. there was a difference between triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, body mass index, and waistline for all age groups. The degree of fatty liver was highly correlated with waist size and body mass index for all age groups.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2019

To compare the nutritional quality of TPG (Teleaulax / Plagioselmis / Geminigera) clade species of cryptomonads with that of RHO (Rhodomonas / Rhinomonas / Storeatula) clade species 6 Teleaulax amphioxeia (TA) and 1 Rhinomonas sp. strains were mass-cultured in newly designed 500-L photobioreactors to the end of exponential growth phase. Intraspecific variations (IVs) in terms of one standard deviation among the 6 TA strains in the compositions of the three macronutrients were 41.5 (protein), 89.8 (lipid), and 15.6% (carbohydrate) of the mean. When harvested from stationary growth phase mean compositions of essential amino acids (EAAs, 47.3%) and non-EAAs (52.7%) of the 2 TA strains, CR-MAL07 and CR-MAL08-2, were similar to those of a Chroomonas strain. The IVs between the 2 TA strains in the composition of EAAs (10.3 and 2.4) and non-EAAs (8.5 and 2.1% of the mean) were rather smaller than those of saturated fatty acids (30.3 and 26.1) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs, 12.0 and 12.5% of the mean) in f/2-Si and urea-based compound fertilizer (UCF) culture media, respectively. Mean compositions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 17.9%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 12.7%) of total fatty acids of the 2 TA strains were higher than those that of a Chroomonas strain. EPA and DHA compositions exhibited similar level of IVs between the 2 TA strains in f/2-Si (14.6 and 11.0) and UCF media (12.6 and 13.5% of the mean). Thus, the nutritional quality in terms of amino acids, UFAs, EPA, and DHA in a TPG clade species, T. amphioxeia was comparable to those of RHO clade species with notable IVs. Practically, biotechnological targets for TPG clade cryptomonad strains might be subspecies or clone level.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2004

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing earthworm meal (EWM) on the performance of spent laying hens after induced molting, and fatty acid composition in egg yolks. A total of 90 laying hens at 73 weeks of age were fed the experimental diets containing 0.0% (Control) and 0.2% of EWM for 4 weeks. Eggs were collected and weighted every day and Egg production and feed conversion were recorded every week during the experimental period. However fatty acid composition of egg yolk were measured at last week of experimental period. An amount of feed intake increased by supplemental with EMW except for Erst week experimental period (P<0.05). When 76 and 77 week of age, egg production and daily egg mass were improved by the supplemented with EWM (P<0.01), but average egg weight was not different when fed a EWM, therefore feed/egg mass was significantly decreased when fed a EWM. The ratio of egg yolk n-6/n-3 fatty acids contents was significantly improved fed a EMW (P<0.05). It is concluded that supplementing 0.2% of earthworm meal in the spent laying hens after induced molting was fast in recover of physical strength, therefore improves laying performance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.561-565
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• 1990

We experienced thymolipoma which is a rare benign mediastinal tumor, an admixture of atrophic thymic tissue and matured adipose tissue. The patient was, 13 years old boy, admitted due to anterior mediastinal mass on routine chest X-ray and complained of mild exertional dyspnea. The physical examination revealed percussion dullness, decreased breathing sound at right anterior hemithorax. The chest PA and lateral views showed both paracardiac mass density and obliteration of retrosternal clear space. The chest CT Scan showed tubular structure containing of thymic tissue and enhanced fatty tissue, suggested thymolipoma. Operation was performed under the impression of thymolipoma. Through median sternotomy, the huge mass was resected. Grossly, the mass was yellowish fatty colored, measured 15X12X10cm, weighed 600gm. Light microscopic examination showed that thymic tissue containing of Hassal`s corpuscles were surrounded by matured adipose tissue, as the characteristic finding of thymolipoma. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2003

The structures of molecular species of galactolipids, such as monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), isolated from wheat flour have been investigated using negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry interfaced with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to the result of HPLC analysis, MGDG and DGDG were found to consist of mixtures of five and four molecular species, respectively. The galactolipids have been also analyzed to determine their fatty acid compositions, using HPLC/ESI-MS combined with in-source (or cone voltage) fragmentation. HPLC/ ESI-MS is very useful for one-step analysis of mixtures of galactolipids with a small sample quantity. Especially, the carboxylate anions produced in in-source fragmentations of the negative-ion of each component separated by HPLC provide valuable information on the composition of its fatty acyl chains.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.58-61
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• 2014

Palpable inguinal mass in children should be differentiated from inguinal hernia, hydrocele, lymph node, and tumor. Though using ultrasonography, fatty tumor would be misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia containing fatty component. We experienced the huge inguinal lipoblastoma in 5-year-old girl mimicking recurrent incarcerated hernia. Laparoscopic exploration revealed it was not incarcerated hernia but well demarcated bulging mass from abdominal wall. Mass was about $10{\times}4{\times}3cm$ and extended from internal inguinal ring to saphenous opening. It was near total excised because of right external iliac vein injury. Pathologically, it was proven as lipoblastoma containing mature adipocyte with lipoblast and fibrous septa. Postoperatively, we noticed a segmental thrombotic occlusion of external iliac vein. After 1 year, she has no symptom related to occluded vessel. The remained lipoblastoma showed no interval change. Even lipoblastoma has a good prognosis with low recurrence rate, we need careful follow-up.