• 전기화학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2000

For the purpose of developing the non-stoichiometric Zr-based Laves phase alloy with higher capacity and better performance for electrochemical application, extensive work has been carried out in KAIST. After careful alloy design of $ZrMn_2-based$ hydrogen storage alloys through varing their stoichiometry while susbstituting or adding some alloying elements, the $Zr-Ti-(Lh-V-Ni)_{2.2},\;Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Cr-Ni)_{1.8\pm0.1}$ with high capacity and better performance was developed. Consequently the $Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Ni)_{2.2}$ alloy has a high discharge capacity of 394mAh/g and shows a high rate capability equaling to that of commercialized $AB_5$ type alloys. On the other hand, in order to develop the hydrogen storage alloy with higher discharge capacity, the hypo-stoichiometric $Zr(Mn-V-Ni)_{2-\alpha}$ alloys substituted by Ti are under developing. As the result of competitive roles of Ti and $stocihiometry({\alpha})$, the discharge capacity of $Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Cr-Ni)_{l.8\pm0.1}$ alloys is about 400mAh/g(410 mAh/g, which shows the highest level of performance in the Zr-based alloy developed. Our sequential endeavor is improving the shortcoming of Zr-based Laves phase alloy for commercialization, i.e., poor activation property and low rate capability, etc. It is therefore believed that the commercialization of Zr-based Laves phase hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH rechargeable battery is in near future.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

Fe and Si are common impurity elements in the aluminum alloys. In this investigation, the effects of the addition of Fe and Si on the age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd casting alloys were examined through hardness measurements, calorimetric techniques and observation of the transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Fe depresses the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$, and thus retards the peak aging time and reduces the peak hardness of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys. On the contrary, the addition of Si accelerates the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$ and thus accelerates age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2007

We have carried out the study of magnetocaloric effect for as-quenched and annealed $Fe_{91-x}Y_xZr_9$ alloys. Samples were prepared by arc melting the high-purity elemental constituents under argon gas atmosphere and by single roller melt spinning. These alloys were annealed one hour at 773 K in vacuum chamber. The magnetization behaviours of the samples were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The Curie temperature increases with increasing Y concentration (x=0 to 8). Temperature dependence of the entropy variation ${\Delta}S_M$ was found to appear in the vicinity of the Curie temperature. The results show that annealed $Fe_{86}Y_5Zr_9$ and $Fe_{83}Y_8Zr_9$ alloys a bigger magnetocaloric effect than that those in as-quenched alloys. The value is 1.23 J/kg K for annealed $Fe_{86}Y_5Zr_9$ alloy and 0.89 J/kg K for as-quenched alloy, respectively. In addition, the values of ${\Delta}S_M$ for $Fe_{83}Y_8Zr_9$ alloy is 0.72 J/Kg K for as-quenched and 1.09 J/Kg K for annealed alloy, respectively.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 저탄성계수 Ti-30Ta 합금에 Zr 원소를 첨가하여 표면 특성 및 부식 거동을 조사하였다. 저탄성계수 Ti-30Ta-xZr(x : 3, 7, 15 wt %)합금은 아크 멜팅기로 제조하였고, 아르곤 분위기에서 $1000^{\circ}C$ 24시간 동안 열처리하였다. 합금의 미세구조는 FE-SEM 그리고 XRD를 이용하여 조사하였다. 전기화학적 특성은 시편 작업전극, 고밀도 탄소 보조전극 그리고 포화칼로멜 기준전극의 통상적인 3상을 이용하여 수행하였다. Ti-30Ta-xZr 합금의 분극 거동 결과, 균질화 처리된 Ti-30Ta-15Zr 합금의 부동태 전류밀도가 다른 합금에 비해 낮았다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.388-392
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• 2005

The $Zr_{57}V_{36}M_7$ getter alloy was prepared by Fe substituting Ga or Y for Fe on $Zr_{57}V_{36}M_7$ getter alloy(St707), and the activation temperatures and the hydrogen a sorption speeds of these alloys were investigated. The activation temperatures of these alloys were estimated from the ultimate pressure-temperature curve and lowered about $100\~200\;K$ compared to $Zr_{57}V_{36}M_7$, fetter alloy(St707). However, final pressures at fully activated temperature were increased with substitution of Fe by Ga and Y on $Zr_{57}V_{36}M_7$ getter alloy. The hydrogen sorption speeds of these alloys measured by an orifice method were decreased about $0.460\~0.586liter/sec$ g compared to $Zr_{57}V_{36}M_7$ getter alloy.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 1993

It has been known that the grain refinement of Cu base alloys greatly improved mechanical properties, castability, workability and hot shortness resistance etc. In this study CuZr50, CuP7, CuFe7, CuMg10 binary alloys were added as grain refiners in CuZn36 alloy. The alloys melted in vacuum and controlled in mixed gas conditions and casted at $1050^{\circ}C$. Zr-P-X compound has significantly grain refined but oxygen has been found detrimental to grain refinement. In the case of Zr /B ratio below 4, B acted as grain growth element in this alloy.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.647-654
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• 2001

Nb 첨가 Zr합금인 Zr-lNb합금과 Zr-lNb-lSn-0.3Fe함금의 석출물 및 산화 특성에 미치는 마지막 열처리 온도의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 최종 열처리 온도를 $450^{\circ}C$에서 $800^{\circ}C$까지 변화시켜 미세조직 및 산화 특성을 조사하였다. 부식 시험은 $400^{\circ}C$ , 수중기 분위기에서 270 일 동안 실시하였으며 X-선 회절법을 이용하여 산화막 결정 구조를 분석하였다. 마지막 열처리 온도가 $600^{\circ}C$ 이상일 때 두 합금 모두 $\beta$-Zr이 관찰되었으며 모두 재결정 이후 마지막 열처리 온도가 상승할수록 석출물의 면적 분율이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 모든 열처리 온도 구간에서 Zr-lNb합금의 부식 저항성이 Zr-lNb-lSn-0.3Fe 합금에 비해 우수하였으며 두 합금 모두 재결정 이후 부식 저항성이 급격히 나빠졌다. 이는 $600^{\circ}C$ 이후 형성된 $\beta$-Zr의 영향으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1997

In order to investigate the mechanism of electrochemical hydrogenation reaction on Zr-based Laves phase hydrogen storage alloy electrodes, electrochemical charge/discharge characteristics, potentiostatic/dynamic polarizations and electrocehmical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) of Zr-Ti-Mn-Ni and Zr-Ti-Mn-Ni-M(M=Fe, Co, Al) alloys were examined. Electrochemical discharge capacities of the alloys were quite different with gas charge capacities. Therefore, it was considered that discharge capacities of the alloys depend on electrochemical kinetic factors rather then thermodynamic ones. Discharge efficiencies were increased linearly with exchange current densities. The results of potentiostatic/dynamic polarization measurements showed that electrochemical charge and discharge reaction of Zr-based Laves phase hydrogen storage alloys is controlled by charge transfer process at the electrode surface. The EIS measurements also confirmed this result.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1998

The effects of chemical composition and thermal cycling on the martensitic transformation characteristics in Cu-rich, equiatomic and Zr-rich CuZr binary alloys have been studied by calorimetry. Only martensite could be indentified in equiatomic $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ alloy, while $Cu_{10}Zr_7$ and $CuZr_2$ intermetallic compounds as well as martensite were formed by rapid cooling from the melts in Cu-rich $Cu_{52.2}Zr_{47.5}$ alloy and Zr-rich $Cu_{48.4}Zr_{51.6}$ alloy, respectively. The $M_s$ temperature of $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ was $156^{\circ}C$ but those of $Cu_{52.5}Zr_{47.5}$ and $Cu_{48.4}Zr_{51.6}$ alloys, being $109^{\circ}C$ and $138^{\circ}C$, were lower than that of equiatomic $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ alloy. In all the alloys, the $M_s$ temperature has fallen but the $A_s$ temperature has risen, resulting in widening of the transformation hysteresis with thermal cycling. The anomalous characteristics in the transformation temperature are due to the presence of the intermetallic compounds i.e. $Cu_{10}Zr_7$ and $CuZr_2$ formed by an eutectoid reaction during thermal cycling in the temperature range between $-100^{\circ}C$ < $T_c$ < $400^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2010

This paper presents some experimental results on incubation time for massive hydriding of Zr alloys with oxide thickness. Oxide effects experiments on massive hydriding reaction of commercial Zr alloy claddings and pre-oxidized Zr alloys with hydrogen gas were carried out in the temperature range from 300 to $400^{\circ}C$ with thermo-gravimetric apparatus. Experimental results for oxide effects on massive hydriding kinetics show that incubation time is not proportional to oxide thickness and that the massive hydriding kinetics of pre-filmed Zr alloys follows linear kinetic law and the hydriding rate are similar to that of oxide-free Zr alloys once massive hydriding is initiated. There was a difference in micro-structures between oxide during incubation time and oxide after incubation time. Physical defects such as micro-cracks and pores were observed in only oxide after incubation time. Therefore, the massive hydriding of Zr alloys seems to be ascribed to short circuit path, mechacical or physical defects, such as micro-cracks and pores in the oxide rather than hydrogen diffusion through the oxide resulting from the increase of oxygen vacancies in the hypostoichiometric oxide.