• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.475-486
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• 1997

The characteristics of atmospheric aerosols were investigated as a function of particle size and water solubility. The atmospheric aerosols were sampled with classifying into 12 size ranges by the use of Andersen low-pressure impactor. Collected aerosol particles were extracted by ultrapure water and filtered to be separated into water-soluble and insoluble components. The concentrations 12 elements in both components were determined by PIXE analysis. And the concentrations of 8 ions in the soluble component were analyzed by ion chromatography. In general, the mass size distribution of particulate matter was represented as a bimodal distribution. The mass size distributions of S$(SO_4^{2-}), K(K^+), Zn and NH_4^+$ skewed to the smaller size range and those of Si, Ca$(Ca^{2+}), Fe, Na^+ and Mg^{2+}$ skewed to the larger size range. They had roughly one peak in the fine and coarse particle region,respectively. On the other hand, the mass size distribution of Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, $Cl^- and NO_3^-$ were represented as the bimodal distribution. Fe and Si in the aerosol particles extracted into pure water are existing in high insoluble state. Conversely, almost the whole of S is dissolved in water.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.257-257
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• 1994

생쥐의 장내세균으로 부터 황산전이 반응을 촉매하는 효소인 sulfotransferase를 생산하는 균주를 분리하였으며 동정결과 Haemophilus속 균주로 확인되어 Haemophilus K-12라 명명하였다. 균의 성장과 효소활성과의 관계를 보면 균은 10시간에서 완전히 성장하였으며 효소활성도 이와 비례하였다. Haemophilus K-12의 배지조성에 따른 sulfotransferase의 생산성을 Brain Heart Infusion 배지에서의 생산성과 비교해보면 탄소원으로는 sucrose가 0.2%농도에서 584%로 가장 좋았으며 질소원으로는 yeast extract가 266%로 가장 좋았다. 공여체로 PNS를 최종농도 1mM로 하여 배지에 첨가하였을때 212%로 가장 높은 효소증가를 보였다. 2가금속이온에 의한 효소증가는 현저하지 않았으며 $Mn^{2+}$이 107%로 가장 높았고$Zn^{2+}$와 EDTA에 의해서는 저해를 받았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 균배양을 위한 이상적인 배지조성을 sucrose 0.2%, yeast extract 1%, $Na_2$HPO$_4$ 0.25%, NaCl 0.5%로 결정하였다. 결정된 최적배지에 균을 10L 배양하여 초음파 처리, 원심분리한 것을 70 % ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography를 2회, Hydroxyapatite column chromatography, chromatdfocusing column chromatography, Silica PAE column chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 superfine column chromatography를 행한결과 specific activity가 6.76 umoie/min/mg protein인 효소액을 얻었으며 homogeneous enzyme였다. 이렇게 해서 얻은 효소를 이용하여 수용체 기질 특이성을 측정한 결과 1-naphthol이 phenol을 100%로 하였을 때 233%로 가장 좋았으며 Eubacterium A-44 sulfotransferase의 좋은 기질이었던 p-acetaminophenol, tyramine, 9-phenanthrol은 좋은 기질이 되지 못했다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아Haemophilus K-12 sulfotransferase는 지금까지 보고된 bacterial sulfotrasferase와는 다른 효소로 사려되며 효소반응기전의 규명이 이루어지면 산업적 응용이 가능할것으로 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.345-353
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to stastically classify individual PM-10 measured by SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray analyzer). The SEM/EDX provided various physical parameters like optical diameter, as well as major 18 chemical information (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Pb) for a particle-by-particle basis. The total of 1,419 particles were analyzed for the study. Thus density and mass of each particle can be estimated based on its chemical composition. Further the study developed 4 semisource profiles including highway, oil boiler, incinerator, and soil emissions, where each sample was collected near the source in the ambient air The profiles developed were consisted of mass fractions and their uncertainties based on a particle class concept. To obtain mass fraction of each particle class, an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was initially applied to create particle classes for each sample. Then uncertainties were calculated for each class based on the jacknife method. The 1,258 particles out of 1,419 (88.7%) were assorted in newly generated particle classes. The study provides opportunities to identify particle's source quantitatively and to develope various receptor models.

• 분석과학
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2023

Trace elements (TEs) have significant effects on both dental health and human health. Toxic effects are caused by deficiency or excess of TEs. This study was performed to determine levels of toxic and trace elements in incisor and molar teeth sampled from male and female participants residing in the north and south regions of Sudan. The tooth enamel of 18 extracted human teeth was analyzed using particle-induced x-ray emission (µ-PIXE) to determine its elemental profile and distribution. GeoPIXEII software package was used for the analysis of µ-PIXE data. The main elements determined were Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, and Sr which were homogeneously distributed in the areas of the tooth enamel mapped with micro-PIXE.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.606-612
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• 1998

A microbial flocculant-producing gram-positive bacterium, strain TE11, was isolated from soil samples, and was identified as Bacillus subtilis by using the Midi system, the Biolog system, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and some physiological and morphological characteristics. The maximum flocculant capsular biopolymer of TE11 strain (BCP, 4.9mg/ml) was obtained when it was grown in GA broth medium containing 3% glutamic acid, 2% glycerol, 0.5% citric acid, 0.5% $NH_4$Cl, 0.05% $MgSO_4.7H_2O,\; 0.05%\;K_2HPO_4\;,\; and\; 0.004%\; FeC1_3. 6H_2O,\; pH 7.2,\; at\; 30^{\circ}C$ for 70 h with shaking. When glycerol was used as an additional carbon source in the GA medium, TE11 produced only flocculant BCP without any by-product. The flocculant (BCP) was found to aggregate suspended kaolin and activated charcoal powder without cations, and its flocculating activity was significantly enhanced by the addition of bivalent cations such as $Ca^{2＋}.Zn^{2},\; and\; Mn^{2＋}$. The flocculation activity by addition of $Ca^{2+}$ was high in an acidic pH 4.0. In the case of $Zn^{2＋}$, high flocculating activity remained without significant loss in the broad range of pH 4.0 to 9.0.

• 생약학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 1986

To find antitumor components of Lyophyllum decastes, the mycelia of L. decastes were cultured in artificial media and a new antitumor component which showed potent antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice, was isolated and named 'Lyophyllan A'. Lyophyllan A was composed of a polysaccharide moiety (86%) and a protein moiety (2%). The polysaccharide moiety was found to be a heteroglycan which consisted of glucose (48.1%), mannose (30.8%), galactose, xylose and fucose. The protein moiety contained 18 amino acids. Cultural characteristics of L. decastes were investigated by shake culture method. The best result was obtained when L. decastes was cultured in medium glucose 50g, peptone 10g, corn steep liquor 30ml, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.87g, $MgSO_4$ $7H_2O$ 0.5g, $CaCl_2$ 0.3g, $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 10mg, $MnCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ 7mg, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 4mg and $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ 1mg per one liter at $26^{circ}C$, 180rpm, for 9 days.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2017

A cellulolytic strain Y2 was isolated from soil obtained in the Canadian Alpine region. The isolate was identified as Paenibacillus sp. Y2 by 16S rRNA sequencing. When grown in LB medium supplemented with carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC), CMCase production increased to 122.0% of that observed in LB without CMC. Culture supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration and 80% ammonium sulfate precipitates were separated by Hi-Trap Q and CHT-II chromatography. The purified enzyme (EG-PY2) showed a homogeneous single band and the molecular mass was estimated to be 38 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 4.5 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The half-life of enzyme activity at 50 was 140.7 min, but the enzyme was drastically inactivated within 5 min at $55^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was highly activated to 135.7 and 126.7% by 5.0 mM of $Cu^{2+}$ or $Mg^{2+}$ ions, respectively, and moderately activated by $Ba^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ ions, whereas it was inhibited to 76.8% by $Fe^{2+}$, and to ${\leq}50%$ by $Mn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and EDTA. The enzyme was activated to 211.5% in the presence of 0.5 M of NaCl and greatly tolerant to 3.15M of NaCl. The enzyme showed 2.98 times higher ${\beta}$-glucanase activity than CMCase activity. Based on these results, it can be concluded that EG-PY2 is an acidophilic, cold-active, and halotolerant endoglucanase. The authors suggest it is considered to be useful for various industrial applications, such as, fruit juice clarification, acidic deinking processes, high-salt food processing, textile and pulp industries, and for biofuel production from seaweeds.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.583-595
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• 2006

전남 해남 화원일대의 석영맥들은 선캄브리아기의 변성퇴적암류와 쥬라기의 화강암 내에 발달된 단층대를 충진한 천열수성 석영맥이다. 이들 석영맥의 광화작용은 hypogene 시기와 supergene 시기로 구분된다. Hypogene 시기의 광물은 석영, 방해석, 녹염석, 녹니석, 일라이트, 견운모로서 프로필라이트대와 점토대로 구성되며 석영맥에서 산출되는 황화광물은 황철석, 섬아연석, 황동석, 방연석, 반동석, 규버나이트, 함은사면동석, Pb-Ag-S계 광물 및 Pb-Te-S계 광물 등이 관찰된다. Supergene 시기에는 Fe-Mn 산화물, Zn-Fe 산화물 및 Pb 산화물 등이 생성되었다. 유체포유물 자료에 의하면, hypogene 시기의 균일화온도와 염농도는 각각 $291.2{\sim}397.3^{\circ}C,\;0.0{\sim}9.3\;wt.%$ 범위를 보이며, 광화유체는 일부 비등과 기원이 다른 천수와의 혼입에 의해 냉각 및 희석작용을 겪었다. 산소($-0.7{\sim}3.5%_{\circ}$(백색석영 $-0.7{\sim}3.5%_{\circ}$, 투명석영 $2.4%_{\circ}$)), 수소($-7.0{\sim}55%_{\circ}$(백색석영$-7.0{\sim}55%_{\circ}$, 투명석영: $-62%_{\circ}$))동위원소 값 자료로 볼 때, 이 석영맥의 광화유체는 마그마 기원의 유체가 광화작용이 진행됨에 따라 천수의 혼입이 작용한 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2009

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute the first line of cellular defense against oxidative stress in plants. SODs generally occur in three different forms with Cu/Zn, Fe, or Mn as prosthetic metals. We cloned the full-length cDNA of the Thellungiella halophila Cu/Zn-SOD gene ThCSD using degenerate RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequence analysis indicated that the ThCSD gene (GenBank accession number EF405867) had an open reading frame of 456 bp. The deduced 152-amino acid polypeptide had a predicted molecular weight of 15.1 kDa, an estimated pI of 5.4, and a putative Cu/Zn-binding site. Recombinant ThCSD protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed for SOD enzymatic activity in a native polyacrylamide gel. The SOD activity of ThCSD was inactivated by potassium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide, confirming that ThCSD is a Cu/Zn-SOD. Northern blotting demonstrated that ThCSD is expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. ThCSD mRNA levels increased by about 30-fold when plants were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-acetic acid (IAA) and by about 50-fold when treated with UVB light. These results indicate that ThCSD is involved in physiological pathways activated by a variety of environmental conditions.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1975

경북(慶北) 봉화군(奉化郡) 소재(所在) 장군광산(將軍鑛山)의 표성산화(表成酸化)망간광석중(鑛石中)에서 필자(筆者)에 의(依)하여 발견명명(發見命名)된 신종건물(新種鍵物) 장군석(將軍石)은 국제(國際) 광물학회내연합(鑛物學會內聯合)에 있는 "신종광물(新種鑛物) 및 광물명위원회(鑛物名委員會)"의 공인(公認)을 받았는바 이에 대(對)한 광물학적(鑛物學的)인 연구결과(硏究結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. (1) 장군석(將軍石)은 표성산화(表成酸化)망간 광석중(鑛石中) cementation zone에서 산출(産出)되며, 엔소타이트, 토도로카이트, 방해석(方解石)을 수반(隨伴)한다. 대체로 공동(空洞)에서 수기상(樹技狀) 또는 방사상(放射狀)을 이루는 엽편상(葉片狀) 세립집합체(細粒集合體)(입자(粒子)의 크기 <0.05mm)로 또는 교질상대(膠質狀帶)로 산출(産出)한다. (2) 색(色)은 흑색(黑色)이며 광택(光澤)은 무염(無艶), 조흔(條痕)은 흑갈(黑褐)~암갈(暗褐色)이다. 벽개(劈開)는 한방향(方向)으로 완전(完全)하다. 경도(硬度)(H)=2-3이며 역쇄성(易碎性)이다. 비중(比重)(G)=3.59(실측시(實測植)), 3.58이론치(理論値)이다. (5) 화학분석치(化學分析値)로부터 계산(計算)된 장군석(將軍石)의 화학식(化學式)은 $Mn^{4+}{_{4.85}}(Mn^{2+}{_{0.90}}Fe^{3+}{_{0.30}})_{1.20}O_{8.09}(OH)_{5.91}$이며, 이상식(理想式)은 $Mn^{4+}{_{5-x}}(Mn^{2+},\;Fe^{3+}){_{1+x}}O_8(OH)_6$ ($x{\approx}0.2$)이다. (6) 장군석(將軍石)은 사방정사 속(屬)하며 X선(線) 분말회절분석(粉末廻折分析) 결과(結果), 단위포(單位胞)의 크기는 $a=9.324{\AA}$, $b=14.05{\AA}$, $c=7.956{\AA}$이며, 단위포(單位胞)의 체적(體積)은 $1042.25{\times}10^{-24}cm$이다. 보솔(輔率) a : b : c=0.663 : 1 : 0.566. 단위포함유수(單位胞含有數) (Z)=4. (7) 시차열분석곡선(示差熱分析曲線)은 $250{\sim}370^{\circ}C$와 $955^{\circ}C$에서 흡열(吸熱)피크를 보여준다. 전자(前者)는 장군석(將軍石)이 탈수(脫水) 및 산화(酸化)를 받아 $(Mn,\;Fe)_2O_3$이 생성(生成)된데 기인(基因)하며 후자(後者)는 hausmannite 형(型)의 구조(構造)를 갖는 $(Mn,\;Fe)_3O_4$의 생성(生成)에 기인(基因)하는 것이다. $(Mn,\;Fe)_2O_3$는 등보정사이고 $a=9.417{\AA}$이었고 $(Mn,\;Fe)_3O_4$는 정방정사이고 $a=5.76{\AA}$, $c=9.51{\AA}$이었다. (6) 장군석(將軍石)의 적외선흡수분광(赤外線吸收分光)스펙트럼은 $515cm^{-1}$와 $545cm^{-1}$에서 Mn-O stretching 진동(振動)을, $1025cm^{-1}$에서 O-H bending 진동(振動)을 그리고 $3225cm^{-1}$에서 O-H stretching 진동(振動)을 보여준다. (3) 장군석(將軍石)은 불투명광물(不透明鑛物)이며 현미경하(顯微鏡下)에서 반사도(反射度)는 13~15%이고 복반사율(複反射率)은 공기중(空氣中)에서 현저(顯著)하며 침액중(浸液中)에서 강(强)하다. 반사다색성(反射多色性)은 백색(白色)~담회색(淡灰色)이다. 십자(十字)니콜하(下)에서의 편광색(偏光色)은 공기중(空氣中)에서 청색(靑色)을 띈 황갈(黃褐)~회색(灰色)이고 침액중(浸液中)에서는 黃褐(황갈)~청갈(靑褐)~회색(灰色)이다. 내부반사(內部反射)는 없다. (4) 연마면(硏磨面)에 대(對)한 에칭반응(反應)은 HCl(conc.)와 $H_2SO_4+H_2O_2$ 회색(灰色), 퇴색(褪色), SnCl(sat.): 암색(暗色), $HNO_3$ (conc.) : 회색(灰色), $H_2O_2$ : 거품을 내며 퇴색(褪色). (9) 신종광물(新種鑛物) 장군석(將軍石)은 독특(獨特)한 화학조성(化學組成)과 단위포(單位胞)를 가지고 있어서 이의 발견(發見)은 산화(酸化)망간광물(鑛物)의 분류(分類)와 연구(硏究)에 새로운 방향(方向)과 지침(指針)이 되었다.