• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne.) has long been used as a health food and oriental folk medicine because of its nutritional fortification, tonic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be implicated in a range of diseases, may be important progenitors of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of yam on antioxidant status and inflammatory conditions during azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. We measured the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), hemolysate antioxidant enzyme activities, colonic mucosal antioxidant enzyme gene expression, and colonic mucosal inflammatory mediator gene expression. The feeding of yam prior to carcinogenesis significantly inhibited AOM-induced colonic ACF formation. In yam-administered rats, erythrocyte levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were increased and colonic mucosal gene expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, and GPx were up-regulated compared to the AOM group. Colonic mucosal gene expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., nuclear factor kappaB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1beta) was suppressed by the yam-supplemented diet. These results suggest that yam could be very useful for the prevention of colon cancer, as they enhance the antioxidant defense system and modulate inflammatory mediators.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2014

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an intracellular pathogen that has evolved to survive in the phagosome of macrophages. The periplasmic copper-binding protein CueP was initially known to confer copper resistance to S. Typhimurium. Crystal structure and biochemical studies on CueP revealed a putative copper binding site surrounded by the conserved cysteine and histidine residues. A recent study reported that CueP supplies copper ions to periplasmic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SodCII) at a low copper concentration and thus enables the sustained SodCII activity in the periplasm. In this study, we investigated the role of CueP in copper resistance at a high copper concentration. We observed that the survival of a cueP-deleted strain of Salmonella in macrophage phagosome was significantly reduced. Subsequent biochemical experiments revealed that CueP specifically mediates the reduction of copper ion using electrons released during the formation of the disulfide bond. We observed that the copper ion-mediated Fenton reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was blocked by CueP. This study provides insight into how CueP confers copper resistance to S. Typhimurium in copper-rich environments such as the phagosome of macrophages.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2007

We describe the gene expression profile of third leaves of rice (cv. Nipponbare) seedlings subjected to salt stress (130 mM NaCl). Transcripts of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, cytosolic and stromal APX, GR and CatB were up-regulated, whereas expression of thylakoid-bound APX and CatA were down-regulated. The levels of the compatible solute proline and of transcripts of its biosynthetic gene, ${\Delta}^1$-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), were strongly increased by salt stress. Interestingly, a potential compatible solute, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was also found to be strongly induced by salt stress along with marked up-regulation of transcripts of GABA-transaminase. A dye-swap rice DNA microarray analysis identified a large number of genes whose expression in third leaves was altered by salt stress. Among 149 genes whose expression was altered at all the times assayed (3, 4 and 6 days) during salt stress, there were 47 annotated novel genes and 76 unknown genes. These results provide new insight into the effect of salt stress on the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes, proline and GABA as well as of genes in several functional categories.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

This study was aimed at testing the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis genes for in vitro culture in porcine embryos produced by in vitro maturation/in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF). Pocine preimplantation embryos obtainted from IVM/IVF can be successfully culture in vitro, but they are delayed or stop to develop at specific developmental stage. Many factors such as reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in an IVM/IVF system followed by in vitro culture influence the rate of production of viable blastocysts. Porcine embryos derived from IVM/IVF were cultured in the atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ and 20% $O_2$ at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in NCSU23 medium. The patterns of gene expression for antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis genes during in vitro culture in pocine IVM/IVF embryos were examined by the modified semi-quantitative single cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Porcine embryos produced by in vitro procedures were expressed mRNAs for CuZn-SOD, GAPDH and GPX, whereas transcripts for Mn-SOD and catalase were not detected at any developmental stages. Expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected at 2 cell, 8 cell 16 cell and blastocyst, but p53 mRNA was not detected at any stages. The fas transcripts was only detected in blastocyst stage. These results suggest that various antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis genes play crucial roles in vitro culture of porcine IVM/IVF embryos.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2006

Objectives : Propolis and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. has been used as treatment of diseases in the Korean medicine. In this study, we investigated that the hepatoprotective effects of Propolis oral administration according to mixture with Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on ${\gamma}-GTP$, GOT, GPT, Total bilirubin, LDH, ALP, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, SOD, activity of catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into 5 groups. Control, the liver injury-induced and not treated group. Pro1, liver injury and administrated propolis. Pro2, liver injury and administrated propolis capsule. Pro3, liver injury and administrated mixture of propolis capsule with Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Pro4, liver injury and administrated mixture of Propolis capsule with Hovenia dulcis Thunb. and Artemisia capillaris Thunb.. Animals were treated by Oral administration of Propolis, Hovenia dulcis Thunb., and Artemisia capillaris Thunb. mixture ltime 2 days for 14 days. Results : The Pro1 group was significantly increased on ${\gamma}-GTP$ and activity of Glutathione peroxidase but decreased on GOT in serum as compared with the control group. The Pro2 group was significantly increased on WBC, RBC, Hct, HGB in serum and activity of CuZnSOD as compared with the control group. The Pro 3 group was decreased on Total bilirubin, increased on LDH, WBC, RBC, Hct and HGB in serum as compared with the control group. The Pro 4 group was decreased on GOT in serum as compared with the control group. Conclusion : By evaluating the liver function and lipid metabolism, Pro3 had a hepatoprotective effect on the prevention of hepatotoxity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.371-377
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• 1995

The effect of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\beta}$-carotene supplementation on reducing the oxidative damag in the liver of rats were studied. Forth-five male Sprague Dawley aged 4 weeks were randomly assigned to 9 groups of five for the 12 weeks of the study. Nine groups, sardine oil, sardine oil＋Vt E, sardine oil＋${\beta}$-carotene, soybean oil, soybean oil＋Vt E, soybean oil＋${\beta}$-carotene, lard, lard＋Vt E, lard＋${\beta}$-carotene group, were prepared. Sardine oil, soybean oil, or lard was used for dietary fat and 200% of ${\alpha}$ -tocopherol or 150% of ${\beta}$-carotene was supplemented to each diet. Each diet supplied 65% of total energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 20% as lipid. The MDA value and protein carbonyl contents of sardine oil group were significantly different(p<0.05) to those of other fat groups indicating that the most severe lipid oxidation occurred in the group fed diet containing highly polyunsaturated fatty acid. When ${\alpha}$-tocopherol or ${\beta}$ -carotene was supplemented to the sardine oil diet, MDA value(-35%, -15%, respectively) and protein carbonyl content(-44%, -32%, respectively) decreased significantly(p<0.05). Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase activities of three different sardine oil groups with or without antioxidants were lower than those of soybean oil or lard group. The reducing effect of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol on oxidative damage in sardine oil group supplemented with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was noticeable(p<0.05). However the adverse effect of ${\beta}$-carotene was observed. SOD and catalase activities of ${\beta}$-carotene supplemented groups were that the lowest among the same fat groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The possible cause of decreased enzyme activity seemed to be related to the vitamin A(Vt A) toxicity in the liver where retinol converted from dietary ${\beta}$-carotene in the intestinal mucosa was stored.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Differential display reverse transcription PCR (DDRT-PCR) analysis was performed on lily 'Marcopolo' bulb scale for isolation of expressed genes during bulblet formation. Cu/Zn lily-superoxide dismutase (LSOD) of 872 bp gene, with ability to scavenge reactive oxygen in stress environment, was isolated. Northern blot analysis showed expression levels of LSOD maximized 12 days after bulblet formation. Ti plasmid vectors were constructed with sense and antisense expressions of LSOD gene and transformed into potato. Southern blot analysis of transgenic potatoes revealed different copies of T-DNA were incorporated into potato genome. In transgenic potatoes, lily SOD gene was overexpressed in sense lines and not in antisense lines. In native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, additional engineered LSOD was detected in sense overexpressed transgenic line only. Transgenic potatoes were subjected to oxidative stress, such as herbicide methyl viologen (MV). Transgenic potato lines with sense orientation exhibited increased tolerance to MV, whereas in antisense lines exhibited decreased tolerance. In vitro tuberization of transgenic potato with sense orientation was promoted, but was inhibited in transgenic potato with antisense orientation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.54.1-54.13
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• 2021

Background: Hypoxia causes oxidative stress and affects cardiovascular function and the programming of cardiovascular disease. Melatonin promotes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the correlation between melatonin and hypoxia induction in cardiomyocytes differentiation. Methods: Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were induced to myocardial differentiation. To demonstrate the influence of melatonin under hypoxia, mESC was pretreated with melatonin and then cultured in hypoxic condition. The cardiac beating ratio of the mESC-derived cardiomyocytes, mRNA and protein expression levels were investigated. Results: Under hypoxic condition, the mRNA expression of cardiac-lineage markers (Brachyury, Tbx20, and cTn1) and melatonin receptor (Mtnr1a) was reduced. The mRNA expression of cTn1 and the beating ratio of mESCs increased when melatonin was treated simultaneously with hypoxia, compared to when only exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein decreased with melatonin treatment under hypoxia, and Mtnr1a mRNA expression increased. When the cells were exposed to hypoxia with melatonin treatment, the protein expressions of phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK) and Bcl-2-associated X proteins (Bax) decreased, however, the levels of phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins, and antioxidant enzymes including Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and catalase were increased. Competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole blocked the melatonin-induced effects. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that hypoxia inhibits cardiomyocytes differentiation and melatonin partially mitigates the adverse effect of hypoxia in myocardial differentiation by regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress through the p-AKT and PI3K pathway.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2018

The entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris is a valuable medicinal ascomycete, which degenerates frequently during subsequent culture. To avoid economic losses during industrialized production, scratching stimuli of mycelia was introduced to improve the fruiting body production. The present results indicated that higher yields and biological efficiency were obtained from two degenerate strains (YN1-14 and YN2-7) but not from g38 (an insertional mutant in Rhf1 gene with higher yields and shorter growth periods). Furthermore, the growth periods of the fruiting bodies were at least 5 days earlier when the mycelia were scratched before stromata differentiation. Three ROS-scavenging genes including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CmSod1), Glutathione peroxidase (CmGpx), and Catalase A (CmCat A) were isolated and their expression profiles against scratching were determined in degenerate strain YN1-14 and mutant strain g38. At day 5 after scratching, the expression level of CmGpx significantly decreased for strain g38, but that of CmSod1 significantly increased for YN1-14. These results indicated that scratching is an effective way to promote fruiting body production of degenerate strain, which may be related at least with Rhf1 and active oxygen scavenging genes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 천연 암반심해수를 가축 음용수로 개발하고자 2.3% 염분을 함유하고, 칼륨(K), 마그네슘(Mg), 칼슘(Ca), 나트륨(Na), 철(Fe), 망간(Mn), 아연(Zn), 구리(Cu) 등의 광물질을 함유한 암반심해수를 0.5% 및 1%로 희석하여 흰쥐에 공급하며 면역 반응과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물로 Sprague Dawley종의 수컷 흰쥐 24마리를 6마리 씩 대조군과 3개의 처리군으로 임의 배치하고, 대조군은 정제수를 급여하였고 처리군은 각각 0.5% 암반심해수, 1% 암반심해수, 지장수를 공급하여 4주 동안 사육하였다. 실험 결과, 1%의 암반수의 경우가 증체량 및 사료섭취량, 사료효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 총음수량은 대조군 보다 0.5% 암반심해수의 경우는 49%, 1% 암반심해수는 22.8%, 지장수는 40.5% 가량 더 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 각 조직무게의 경우, 지장수군의 신장주위지방과 정소상체지방은 각각 32%, 25% 적은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). B 세포와 T 세포 자극능은 처리군중에서 0.5% 암반심해수 급여군이 가장 높아 대조군보다 44.7%와 207% 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또 0.5% 암반심해수가 혈청 내 triglyceride는 4%, Free fatty acid는 4%, LDL- cholesterol은 45.9% 감소시키는 등 지질성분 변화에 가장 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성의 경우 TBARS의 양은 0.5% 암반심해수는 21.8%, 1% 암반심해수는 34.7%, 지장수는 20.8% 정도 감소하였다. catalase 활성은 0.5% 암반심해수가 약 2.9배, 지장수가 약 1.6배 증가하였으며, Cu/Zn SOD 활성은 0.5% 암반심해수,가 약 1.5배, 1% 암반심해수가 약 1.7배 ,지장수가 약 1.2배 증가하였으며, MnSOD 활성은 모든 처리군이 대조군에 비해 약간 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 가축에 0.5% 암반심해수의 급여는 LDL 콜레스테롤의 농도가 감소되고, 면역 활성 및 항산화효소 활성이 높아지는 등 고급 축산물생산의 음용수로 유익할 것으로 고찰되었다.