• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.203-207
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• 1987

Sedative principles of the seeds of Zizyphus vulgaris var. sphinosus have been characterized as sanjoinine-A (frangufoline), nuciferine and their congeners. Also, heat treatment of sanjoinine-A-produced a more active artifact, sanjoinine-Ahl, which provides a scientific basis for heat-processing (roasting) of this Oriental medicine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.202-206
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• 2001

The effects of various sedative cyclopeptides and peptide alkaloids from the Zizyphus species on calmodulin-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ -ATPase and phosphodiesterase were Investigated. Calmodulin-induced activation of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was strongly inhibited by sanjoinine-A dialdehyde (IC_{50}$, 2.3$\mu\textrm{m}$), -Ah1 (IC_{50}$, 4.0$\mu\textrm{m}$), -A (IC, 4.6$\mu\textrm{m}$), and -G2 (IC_{50}$, 7.2$\mu\textrm{m}$), while calmodulin-induced activation of phosphodiesterase was strongly inhibited by both deachuine- S10 (IC_{50}$, 4.9$\mu\textrm{m}$) and sanjoinine-D (IC_{50}$, 9.0$\mu\textrm{m}$). The inhibitory activity of the various cyclopeptides and peptide alkaloids on $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was found to correlate well with their Sedative activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.593-598
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the possible utilization of Zizyphus jujuba leaves as a source of functional ingredients. The physiological activity of different solvent fractions prepared from ethanol extract of Zizyphus jujuba leaves were analyzed. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect was very high in all fractions except chloroform fraction. The very high electron donating ability was observed in the ethylacetate fraction and the effect was similar to 0.1% tocopherol. Nitrite scavenging effect of all fractions was more than 40% even at low concentration of 1mg/ml and was increased with increasing concentration. Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was appeared in ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions only at high concentraton.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.90-90
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• 1997

Natural products, which have been used for the treatment of hypertension, diuresis and nephritis in traditional oriental medicine, were selected for the screening of nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells and kidney tissues in vitro as well as in vivo by measuring the conversion of [$\^$14/C]-L-arginine to [$\^$14/C]-L-citrulline, a coproduct of the enzyme reaction with NO. Confluent monolayer of endothelial cells were used for the screening of 16 natural products. Among the natural products, Zizyphus jujuba and Codonopsis pilosula stimulated endothelial NO synthase activity. Thus, both confluent monolayer of endothelial cells and kidney homogenates (glomeruli, cortical tubules, meudllae) were treated with Zizyphus jujuba and Codonopsis pilosula (final concentration 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) and NO releases were compared with those by receptor - dependent agonists, bradykinin and ADP and receptor - independent calcium ionophore A23187 in vitro. In rat experiment, NO releases in glomeruli, cortical tubules and medullae and plasma renin activity were assessed after intraperitoneal injection of Zizyphus jujuba and Codonopsis pilosula (10 mg/kg/day for 4 days). As a result, both Zizyphus jujuba and Codonopsis pilosula significantly increased NO releases in cultured endothelial cells, kidney tissues in vitro as well as in vivo. Stimulation of NO releases by Zizyphus jujuba and Codonopsis pilosula was similar to those by receptor - dependent agonists, bradykinin and ADP and receptor - independent calcium ionophore A23187 in cultured endothelial cells. However, plasma renin activity was not influenced by these two natural products. In conclusion, stimulatory effects of Zizyphus jujuba and Codonopsis pilosula on NO release in kidney may contribute their hypotensive effects and antinephritic action possibly by increasing renal blood flow.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2014

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Zizyphus jujuba seed meal on broiler performance, small intestine and cecal length, gizzard weight and fecal gas emission. A total of 180 day-old broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 4 groups, fed the commercial diet containing 0, 0.3 (T1), 0.6 (T2) and 0.9 % (T3) of Zizyphus jujuba seed meal from two to 5 weeks of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency (feed/gain) were significantly increase in T2 than other groups at 3 weeks age (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in body weight gain and feed efficiency (feed/gain) by feeding Zizyphus jujuba seed meal, although they tended to be improved by treatment during whole experimental period (5 weeks age). The gizzard weights of three treatment groups were higher than control. But no difference among three treatment groups was observed. The small intestine and cecal length was no change by feeding Zizyphus jujuba seed meal. Emission of $NH_3$ and VFA gas from excreta were significantly decreased from 5 to 10 days of storage period (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the addition of Zizyphus jujuba seed meal at 0.3 to 0.6 % to the diet has increased digestibility of feed and the reduction of $NH_3$ emissions from feces, there was a possibility of improvement in body weight gain of broiler chickens.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1149-1154
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• 2006

Repeated administration of all addictive drugs, including nicotine, can produce sensitization of extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and behavioral sensitization in rat, as evidenced by an enhanced locomotor response and increased dopamine release in brain to a subsequent injection of the drug. In order to investigate the effect of Zizyphus jujuba extract on repeated nicotin-induced sensitization, rats were given repeated injection of saline or nicotine (0.4 mg/kg s.c., twice a day for 7 d), followed by one challenge injection on the 4th day after the last daily injection. Systemic challenge with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg s.c.) and a direct local challenge of 3 mM a larger increase in locomotor activity and extracellular dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in nicotine-pretreated rats than in saline-pretreated rats, respectively. Zizyphus jujuba extract significantly decreases locomotor activitiy and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens induced by a nicotine challenge. These results suggest that Zizyphus jujuba extract may attenuate nicotine-induced neurochemical and behavioral sensitization and may be effective in suppressing compulsive nicotine-seeking behavior.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of inhalation therapy using Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa blended oil and spa therapy on stress in adults. Methods : The study design was a double blind, randomized, single center clinical trial. A total of 30 volunteers who were highly stressed and were over 9 points on POMS(profile of mood states) participated in this study. Inhalation therapy using Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa blended oil and spa therapy were applicate for the experimental group and Jojoba oil inhalation and spa therapy was given for the control group. During the 2 weeks, the participants were treated about inhalation and spa therapy twice a week. The treatment sequence is spa therapy after inhalation therapy. Result : The improvement of stress was evaluated by POMS, HRV(Heart Rate Variability), EEG(Electroencephalography), PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), salivary cortisol. After treatment, POMS was significantly decreased between the experimental group and the control group. In other measurement(HRV, EEG, PSQI, salivary cortisol) except POMS, there were not significant. Overall, however, they showed a tendency to alleviate stress in the experimental group. Conclusions : We suggest that inhalation therapy using Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa blended oil and spa therapy might be effective on stress.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-95
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• 2004

Eleven triterpenoids, colubrinic acid (1), alphitolic acid (2), 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (3), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (4), 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (5), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (6), betulinic acid (7), oleanolic acid (8), betulonic acid (9), oleanonic acid (10), and zizyberenalic acid (11), were isolated from the fruits of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. A simple and rapid HPLC method, using a $C_{18}$ column, has been developed for the quantitative analysis of these compounds 1 (0.74%),2 (0.09%), 3 (0.19%), 4 (0.19%), 5 (0.08%),6 (0.08%), 7 (0.41%), 8 (0.05%), 9 (0.50%),10 (0.59%), and 11 (0.19%).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 1991

A hight performance liquid chromatographic methods was developed for the seperation and determination of seven alkaloids in "sanjoin" (the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Rhamnaceae), a plant with potent sedative activity. A reverse phase system of Lichrosorb RP-Select B column and 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH = 3.5)-acetonitrile with gradient elution was employed. Two known alkaloids, juzirine and lysicamine, were newly isolated fom "sanjoin"."sanjoin".oin&".ot;.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.203-207
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• 1981

The acute toxicity and sedative activity of flavonoids and saponin isolated from Zizyphus seeds have been evaluated in mice. All the compounds elicited potentiation of hexobarbital-induced hypnosis, inhibition of ladder-climbing and caffeine-induced hyperactivity. Swertisin was the most potent of all flavonoids tested. The potency of saponin in these tests was found to be higher than that of swertisin. The activities in rotarod test and electroshock seizure test, on the other hand, were relatively weak or nil. From these findings it was suggested that flavonoids and saponin from Zizyphus seeds have neuroleptic activity without anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant activity accompanied by neurological deficit.