• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the maximum vertical wear, volume wear, and surface characteristic of antagonist enamel, opposing monolithic zirconia or lithium disilicate crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study comprised 24 participants (n = 12), who were randomly allocated to receive either a 5 mol% Y-TZP or a lithium disilicate crown in positions which would oppose the natural first molar tooth. The contralateral first molar along with its antagonist was considered as the enamel opposing natural enamel control. Data collection was performed using an intraoral scanner and polyvinylsiloxane impression. The means of the maximum vertical loss and the volume loss at the occlusal contact areas of the crowns and the various natural antagonists were measured by 3D comparison software. A scanning electron microscope was subsequently used to assess the wear characteristics. RESULTS. The one-year results from 22 participants (n = 11) indicated no significant differences when comparing the zirconia crown's antagonist enamel (40.28 ± 9.11 ㎛, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm³) and the natural enamel wear (38.91 ± 7.09 ㎛, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm³) (P > .05). Also, there is no significant differences between lithium disilicate crown's antagonist enamel (47.81 ± 9.41 ㎛, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm³) and the natural enamel wear (39.11 ± 7.90 ㎛, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm³) (P > .05). CONCLUSION. While some studies suggested that monolithic zirconia caused less wear on opposing enamel than lithium disilicate, this study found similar wear levels to enamel for both materials compared to natural teeth.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture resistances of zirconia, cast nickel-chromium alloy (Ni-Cr), and fiber-composite post systems under all-ceramic crowns in endodontically treated mandibular first premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 36 extracted human mandibular premolars were selected, subjected to standard endodontic treatment, and divided into three groups (n=12) as follows: cast Ni-Cr post-and-core, one-piece custom-milled zirconia post-and-core, and prefabricated fiber-glass post with composite resin core. Each specimen had an all-ceramic crown with zirconia coping and was then loaded to failure using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min, at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the roots. Fracture resistance and modes of failure were analyzed. The significance of the results was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honest significance difference (HSD) tests (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Fiber-glass posts with composite cores showed the highest fracture resistance values ($915.70{\pm}323N$), and the zirconia post system showed the lowest resistance ($435.34{\pm}220N$). The corresponding mean value for the Ni-Cr casting post and cores was reported as $780.59{\pm}270N$. The differences among the groups were statistically significant (P<.05) for the zirconia group, as tested by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. CONCLUSION. The fracture resistance of zirconia post-and-core systems was found to be significantly lower than those of fiber-glass and cast Ni-Cr post systems. Moreover, catastrophic and non-restorable fractures were more prevalent in teeth restored by zirconia posts.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2009

연구목적: 최근에는 금속도재관의 심미적 문제로 심미성과 강도가 개선된 코아용 도재 및 지르코니아를 이용한 전부도재관 시스템에 관심이 증가되고 있다. 특히 금속과 유사한 강도를 가지면서 금속의 비심미성을 극복할 수 있는 지르코니아를 이용한 보철물의 제작이 국내외에서 많이 이뤄지고 있다. 하지만 CAD/CAM 시스템으로 제작되는 여러 종류의 지르코니아를 이용한 전부도재관의 적합도에 대한 임상 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 다양한 CAD/CAM 시스템 중 Procera, Cerec inLab, Lava에 의해 제작된 지르코니아를 이용한 전부도재관의 변연 적합도와 내면 적합도를 측정하여 이를 전통적인 방식으로 주조된 금속 도재관의 적합도와 비교 평가해 봄으로써 임상 적용에 참고 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 연구를 위해 하악 우측 제2소구치에 해당하는 레진치를 삭제하여 인상채득 후, 금속 주모형을 제작하였다. 금속 주모형의 40개의 인상을 채득 후 각 시스템마다 10개씩 총 40개의 crown을 제작하였다. 금속도재관은 전통적인 방식으로 제작하였고 Procera, Lava, Cerec inLab crown은 zirconia core를 이용하여 CAD/CAM 시스템으로 제작하였다. 수직 변연 오차와 내면 간격을 각 그룹마다 금속 주모형에 시멘트 접착 없이 측정하였다. 그 결과는 oneway ANOVA와 Tukey's HSD test로 통계 내었다. 결과: 수직 변연 오차는 금속도재관이 $50.6{\pm}13.9{\mu}m$, Procera crown이 $62.3{\pm}15.7{\mu}m$, Lava crown이 $45.3{\pm}7.9{\mu}m$, Cerec inLab crown은 $71.2{\pm}2.0{\mu}m$로 측정되었다. 내면 간격은 금속도재관이 $52.6{\pm}10.1{\mu}m$, Procera crown이$161.7{\pm}18.5{\mu}m$, Lava crown이 $63.0{\pm}10.2{\mu}m$, Cerec inLab crown이 $73.7{\pm}10.7{\mu}m$로 측정되었다. 변연 적합도 측면에서 볼 때 Procera crown, Lava crown, Cerec inLab 그리고 전통적인 금속도재관은 임상적으로 받아들일 수 있는 적합도 범위($120{\mu}m$) 내에 있었다. 내면 적합도 측면에서 볼 때 Procera crown을 제외한 Lava crown, Cerec inLab, 금속도재관은 임상적으로 받아들일 수 있는 적합도 범위($140{\mu}m$) 내에 있었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The goal of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistances of various monolithic crowns fabricated by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) with different thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Test dies were fabricated as mandibular molar forms with occlusal reductions using CAD/CAM. With different occlusal thickness (1.0 or 1.5 mm), a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (Enamic, EN), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Suprinity, SU and Celtra-Duo, CD) were used to fabricate molar crowns. Lithium disilicate (e.max CAD, EM) crowns (occlusal: 1.5 mm) were fabricated as control. Seventy crowns (n=10 per group) were bonded to abutments and stored in water for 24 hours. A universal testing machine was used to apply load to crown until fracture. The fractured specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS. The type of ceramics and the occlusal thickness showed a significant interaction. With a recommended thickness (1.5 mm), the SU revealed the mean load similar to the EM, higher compared with those of the EN and CD. The fracture loads in a reduced thickness (1.0 mm) were similar among the SU, CD, and EN. The mean fracture load of the SU and CD enhanced significantly when the occlusal thickness increased, whereas that of the EN did not. CONCLUSION. The fracture loads of monolithic crowns were differently influenced by the changes in occlusal thickness, depending on the type of ceramics. Within the limitations of this study, all the tested crowns withstood the physiological masticatory loads both at the recommended and reduced occlusal thickness.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 임상에서 많이 사용되고 있는 3종의 기성 크라운 즉, 레진관, 레진피복 금속관, 지르코니아 크라운의 크기와 형태를 3차원적으로 계측하여 자연치와 비교함으로써 기성 크라운의 크기 선택과 치질 삭제량에 대한 지침을 얻고자 하는데 있다. 300개의 유전치 석고모델과 3종의 기성 크라운을 대상으로 3D 스캐너와 컴퓨터 이미지 프로그램으로 3차원적 모델을 만들었다. 3차원 모델에서 치관의 근원심 너비, 치관 높이, 치관 ratio, 순면의 곡률반경 등 4가지 평가 척도에 의해 각 기성 크라운별로 한국인 자연치 표준모형과 가장 유사한 형태를 고르고 이를 기준으로 치질 삭제량을 비교, 평가하였다. 유중절치의 경우 기성 크라운별로 레진피복 금속관은 2번, 지르코니아 크라운은 1번, 레진관은 2번이, 유측절치의 경우 레진피복 금속관은 3번, 지르코니아 크라운은 2번, 레진관은 3번이 가장 유사한 형태를 보였다. 치아 삭제량은 상악 유중절치와 유측절치에서 같은 양상을 보였다. 절단연에서는 지르코니아 크라운의 삭제량이 가장 컸다. 인접면은 지르코니아 크라운과 레진관이 비슷한 삭제량을 보였으며 레진피복 금속관에 비해서 컸다. 순면 역시 지르코니아 크라운이 유중절치와 유측절치에서 삭제량이 가장 컸다. 설면의 경우 순면에 비해 전체적으로 삭제량이 적었으며 3종류의 기성 크라운 간에 삭제량 차이도 크지 않았다. 크라운의 형태를 비교하기 위한 4가지 평가 척도 중 치관의 근원심 너비가 기성 크라운의 크기를 선택하는데 가장 중요한 척도로 나타났다.

• 대한치과보철학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보철학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.84-84
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• 2005

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

PURPOSE. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of full-coverage all-ceramic zirconia, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, leucite glass-ceramic, or stainless steel crowns on antagonistic primary tooth wear. MATERIALS AND METHODS. There were four study groups: the stainless steel (Steel) group, the leucite glass-ceramic (Leucite) group, the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (Lithium) group, and the monolithic zirconia (Zirconia) group. Ten flat crown specimens were prepared per group; opposing teeth were prepared using primary canines. A wear test was conducted over 100,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator and a 50 N masticating force, and wear losses of antagonistic teeth and restorative materials were calculated using a three-dimensional profiling system and an electronic scale, respectively. Statistical significance was determined using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P<.05). RESULTS. The Leucite group ($2.670{\pm}1.471mm^3$) showed the greatest amount of antagonist tooth wear, followed by in decreasing order by the Lithium ($2.042{\pm}0.696mm^3$), Zirconia ($1.426{\pm}0.477mm^3$), and Steel groups ($0.397{\pm}0.192mm^3$). Mean volume losses in the Leucite and Lithium groups were significantly greater than in the Steel group (P<.05). No significant difference was observed between mean volume losses in the Zirconia and Steel groups (P>.05). CONCLUSION. Leucite glass-ceramic and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic cause more primary tooth wear than stainless steel or zirconia.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2002

Statement of Problem. Endodontically treated teeth frequently required posts and cores to provide retention and resistance form for crowns. In spite of excellent mechanical properties of metal post and core, its metallic color can be detected through all ceramic restorations occasionally. To solve esthetic problems of metal post and core zirconia post system has been introduced recently. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the fracture strength and mode of resin root analogs restored with zirconia, gold and titanium posts with resin, ceramic and metal cores after cementation with metal crowns. Materials and methods. To avoid the morphological variations of natural teeth, 40 root analogs were fabricated with composite resin. Forty resin root analogs were randomly assigned to four groups according to post and core materials: Group A: cast gold post and core and complete cast crowns, as control. Group B: titanium posts (Parapost, Coltent/Whaledent Inc., NJ, USA) and composite resin cores. Group C: zirconia posts (Cosmopost, Ivoclar AG, Schaan/Liechtenstein) and composite resin cores Group D: zirconia posts and heat-pressed ceramic cores (IPS Empress Cosmo Ingots, Ivoclar AG) After thermocycling ($5^{\circ}C{\sim}55^{\circ}C$, 30 sec.), cyclic loading was applied at 3mm below the incisal edge on the palatal surfaces at an angle of 135 degree to the long axis (2Hz, 50N, 50000cycles). Fracture strength was measured by universal testing machine (Instron, High Wycombe, UK) and fracture pattern of restored resin root analogs was also evaluated. Results and conclusion. Within the limitations of this study following results were drawn. 1. Resin root analogs restored with zirconia posts and composite resins demonstrated lowest fracture strength among tested groups. 2. There was no significant difference in the fracture strength between zirconia posts and heat pressed glass ceramic cores and cast gold posts and cores 3. The fracture strength of resin root analogs restored with titanium posts and composite resin cores was lower than that of gold posts and cores. 4. The deep oblique fracture lines were dominantly observed in root analogs restored with cast gold post and core and zirconia post and heat-pressed ceramic core groups.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2022

목적: 이번 연구의 목적은 단일구조 지르코니아(monolithic zirconia) 크라운의 서로 다른 부위에서, 감소된 지르코니아의 두께가 파절 저항성에 미치는 복합적인 영향을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 실험을 위해 7개의 니켈-크롬 다이를 제작하였다. 다이는 하악 제 1대구치를 치아 형성한 지대치 3D 모델을 바탕으로 제작되었다. 지대치는 1.5 mm 교합면 삭제를 시행하였고, 변연은 1.0 mm의 deep chamfer로 형성하였다. 이 지대치 형태를 바탕으로 지르코니아 블록(Luxen Zirconia)를 사용하여, 교합면 두께는 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 축면 두께는 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm로 설정한 63개의 지르코니아 크라운을 제작하였다. 이 크라운은 니켈 크롬 다이에 레진 시멘트를 이용하여 접착하였다. 그 다음, electronic universal testing machine을 사용하여 크라운이 파절될 때까지 load-to fracture 시험을 진행하였다. 이후 scanning electron microscope (SEM)를 사용하여 크라운의 파절 형태를 관찰하였다. 통계 분석을 위해 Two-way ANOVA 방법을 사용하였고, 이에 대하여 Tuckey HSD test로 사후 검정을 시행하였다(P < .05). 결과: 모든 지르코니아 크라운의 평균 파절 저항 값은 구치부의 평균 저작력보다 큰 값을 나타냈다. 또한 Two-way ANOVA 결과, 지르코니아 크라운의 교합면 두께와 축면 두께는 파절 저항에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(P < .05). 그러나, 지르코니아의 축면 두께가 0.5 mm 이상일 때, 파절 저항에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 나타난 파괴 양상은 균열의 전파 양상에 따라 크라운의 부분 파절 또는 완전 파절로 나타났다. 결론: 이번 연구의 한계 내에서, 극도로 감소된 두께를 가진 CAD-CAM 단일구조 지르코니아 크라운은 구치부 교합력을 견딜 수 있는 적절한 파절 저항을 보였다. 또한, 지르코니아 크라운의 교합면 두께와 축면 두께는 파절 저항에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈으며 복합적인 결과를 보였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2023

PURPOSE. This study aims to clinically compare the fitness and trueness of zirconia crowns fabricated by different combinations of open CAD-CAM systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study, and 9 different zirconia crowns were prepared per patient. Each crown was made through the cross-application of 3 different design software (EZIS VR, 3Shape Dental System, Exocad) with 3 different processing devices (Aegis HM, Trione Z, Motion 2). The marginal gap, absolute marginal discrepancy, internal gap(axial, line angle, occlusal) by a silicone replica technique were measured to compare the fit of the crown. The scanned inner and outer surfaces of the crowns were compared to CAD data using 3D metrology software to evaluate trueness. RESULTS. There were significant differences in the marginal gap, absolute marginal discrepancy, axial and line angle internal gap among the groups (P < .05) in the comparison of fit. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of occlusal internal gap. The trueness ranged from 36.19 to 43.78 ㎛ but there was no statistically significant difference within the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION. All 9 groups showed clinically acceptable level of marginal gaps ranging from 74.26 to 112.20 ㎛ in terms of fit comparison. In the comparison of trueness, no significant difference within each group was spotted. Within the limitation of this study, open CAD-CAM systems used in this study can be assembled properly to fabricate zirconia crown.