• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2019

Wind loading is one of important loadings that should be considered in the design of large hyperbolic natural-draught cooling towers. Both external and internal surfaces of cooling tower are under the action of wind loading for cooling circulating water. In the previous studies, the wind loads on the external surface attracted concernedly attention, while the study on the internal surface was relatively ware. In the present study, the wind pressure on the internal surface of a 220 m high cooling tower is measured through wind tunnel testing, and the effect of ventilation rate of the packing layer on internal pressure is a major concern. The characteristics of internal wind pressure distribution and its effect on wind-induced responses calculated by finite element method are investigated. The results indicate that the wind loading on internal surface of the cooling tower behaves remarkable three-dimensional effect, and the pressure coefficient varies along both of height and circumferential directions. The non-uniformity is particularly strong during the construction stage. Analysis results of the effect of internal pressure on wind-induced responses show that the size and distribution characteristics of internal pressure will have some influence on wind-induced response, however, the outer pressure plays a dominant role in the wind-induced response of cooling tower, and the contribution of internal pressure to the response is small.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.313-317
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• 2019

Installation art is another methodology of modern art appeared in 1970's. Installation art does not seek for a particular ideology or specific form to express, but rather it endeavors to produce a work produced by mutiful media convergence and integration. Therefore, this leads to inspire new cognition on ordinary places. Installaton art is strongly related with public art in terms of most works are to be exhibited. Thus from this point of view, installation art contains public art which aims to better communication among people, nature and artificial things. Eventually, temporary installation art contains communication and convergence of people and object in public places.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.383-399
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• 2021

In the study, three 1:3-scale unequal span steel-concrete composite substructures with top-seat angle and double web angle connection were designed and identified as specimens GTSDWA-0.6, GTSDWA-1.0, and GTSDWA-1.4. Pseudo-static tests and refined numerical model analysis were conducted to examine the anti-progressive collapse performance of a semi-rigid steel-concrete composite substructure. The results indicated that the failure modes of the three specimens revealed that the fracture occurred in the root of the long leg of the top/seat angle in tension at the connection. With increases in the span ratio of the left and right composite beams, the bearing capacities of the composite substructures decreased, and the corresponding displacement increased. With respect to GTSDWA-0.6 and GTSDWA-1.4, the resistance due to the short composite beam corresponded to 62% and 60%, respectively, and the total resistance provided by the short composite beam exceeded that of the long composite beam. With respect to GTSDWA-1.0, the resistance due to the left and right composite beams was similar. All three specimens underwent the flexure mechanism and flexure-axial mixed mechanism stages. They resisted the external load mainly via the flexure mechanism. Moreover, the addition of stiffeners on both sides of the top and seat angles is advantageous in terms of improving the collapse resistance and ductility of unequal span composite substructures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2002

HAVAL is a dedicated hash function of the MD family which was proposed by Zheng et al.. HAVAL compresses a message of arbitrary length into a hash value of 128, 160, 192, 224, or 256 bits. HAVAL has a parameter that controls the number of passes a message block of 1024 bits is processed. A message block can be processed in 3,4, or 5 passes. When a message block is processed in three passes, we call such a case 3-pass HAVAL. So, there are three kinds of HAVAL: 3-pass HAVAL, 4-pass HAVAL, and 5-pass HAVAL. In this paper, we study the security of reduced versions of 3-pass HAVAL. We propose a method for finding the collisions for the first two passes of 3-pass HAVAL and for the last two passes of 3-pass HAVAL. This approach of reducing the number of passes is similar to the initial attacks on MD4. We represent the first two passes of 3-pass HAVAL as HAVAL-12 and the last two passes of 3-pass HAVAL as HAVAL-23.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.45.1-45.15
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• 2020

Background: Feline mammary carcinoma is the third most common cancer that affects female cats. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to screen differential serum proteins in feline and clarify the relationship between them and the occurrence of feline mammary carcinoma. Methods: Chinese pastoral cats were used as experimental animals. Six serum samples from cats with mammary carcinoma (group T) and six serum samples from healthy cats (group C) were selected. Differential protein analysis was performed using a Label-free technique, while parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was performed to verify the screened differential proteins. Results: A total of 82 differential proteins were detected between group T and group C, of which 55 proteins were down regulated and 27 proteins were up regulated. Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), coagulation factor V, coagulation factor X, C1q, albumen (ALB) were all associated with the occurrence of feline mammary carcinoma. Differential proteins were involved in a total of 40 signaling pathways, among which the metabolic pathways associated with feline mammary carcinoma were the complement and coagulation cascade and cholesterol metabolism. According to the Label-free results, ApoB, ApoC-III, ApoA-II, FN1, an uncharacterized protein, and ALB were selected for PRM target verification. The results were consistent with the trend of the label-free. Conclusions: This experimen is the first to confirm ApoA-II and ApoB maybe new feline mammary carcinoma biomarkers and to analyze their mechanisms in the development of such carcinoma in feline.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.663-679
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• 2021

To elucidate the differences in the collapse behavior between a single-story beam-column assembly and multi-story frame, two 1/3-scale two-bay composite frames, including a single-story composite beam-column assembly and a three-story composite sub-frame, were designed and quasi-statically tested. The load-displacement responses, failure modes, and internal force development of the two frames were analyzed and compared in detail. Furthermore, the resistance mechanisms of the two specimens were explored, and the respective contributions of different load-resisting mechanisms to the total resistances were quantitatively separated to gain deeper insights. The experimental tests indicated that Vierendeel action was present in the two-dimensional multi-story frames, which led to an uneven internal force distribution among the three stories. The collapse resistance of TSDWA-3S in the flexural stage was not significantly increased by the structural redundancy provided by the additional story, as compared to that of TSDWA-1S. Although the development of the load response was similar in the two specimens at flexural stage, the collapse mechanisms of the multi-story composite frame were much more complicated than those of the single-story beam-column assembly, and the combined action between stories was critical in determining the internal force redistribution and rebalancing of the remaining structure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.253-267
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• 2023

The bearing capacities resisted by the two-bay beams of multi-story planar frames with unequal spans under column removal scenarios differ considerably owing to the asymmetric stress on the left and right beams connected to the failed column and cause the potential for beams with larger span-to-depth ratios to be unable to exert effectively, which is disadvantageous for resisting the vertical load in unequal-span frame structures. To address this problem, the structural measure of adding braces to the weak bays of multi-story unequal-span frames was proposed, with the objective of achieving a coordinated stress state in two-bay beams with unequal spans, thereby improving the collapse resistance of unequal-span frame structures. Before conducting the numerical simulation, the modeling methods were verified by previous experimental results of two multi-story planar frames with and without steel braces. Thereafter, the effects of the tensile and compressive braces on the collapse behavior of the frame structures were elucidated. Then, based on the mechanical action laws of the braces throughout the collapse process, a detailed design method for improving the collapse resistance of unequal-span frame structures was proposed. Finally, the proposed design method was verified by using sufficient example models, and the results demonstrated that the design method has good application prospects and high practical value.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Objects : This study aimed to identify the origin species of Ulmi Cortex and Ulmi Semen Pasta. Methods : I searched for different types of 'Yu(楡)' from Zhong Xiu Zheng Huo Jing Shi Zheng Lei Bei Yong Ben Cao (重修政和經史證類備用本草) of the Song Dynasty, then compared the descriptions of Yu with real life species. Items that were inconsistent were sequentially deleted to finally find the original species that satisfies all conditions. Results : There were five types of Yu : Jiyu(地楡), Jayu(刺楡), Langyu(郞楡), Goyu(姑楡), and Baekyu(白楡). Jiyu was Sanguisorba officinalis or Sanguisorba officinalis var. longifolia which was a herb. Jayu was Hemiptelea davidii (Hance) Planch. which had thorns on its branches. Ulmus laciniata had leaves that split into three branches. Langyu was Ulmus parvifolia which beared fruit in the fall. For these reasons, the four items above were ruled out. The fruit of Goyu was Ulmi Semen Pasta, which was the largest among fruits and was therefore Ulmus macrocarpa. The fruit of Baekyu was Yuhyup(楡莢) and the ancient coin Yuhyupjeon(楡莢錢) was resembled Yuhyup. The normal pulse of the lung resembled the appearance of falling Yuhyup. The peel of Baekyu was Yubaekpi(楡白皮), and when it was removed from coarse bark, contained an abundance of white sap; the place where this sap overflowed on the stem bark was white, therefore Baekyu was identified as Ulmus pumila. Conclusions : From the results above, the origin species of Ulmi cortex was Ulmus pumila and the origin species of Ulmi Semen Pasta was Ulmus macrocarpa.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2023

The fast refueling process of compressed hydrogen has an important impact on the filling efficiency and safety. With the development and use of hydrogen energy, the demand for precision measurement of filling hydrogen thermodynamic parameters is also increasing. In this paper, the compressibility factor calculation model of high-pressure hydrogen gas was studied, and the basic equation of state and thermo-physical parameters were calculated. The hydrogen density data provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was compared with the calculation results of each model. Results show that at a pressure of 0.1-100 MPa and a temperature of 233-363 K, the calculation accuracy of the Zheng-Li equation of state was less than 0.5%. In the range of 0.1-70 MPa, the accuracy of Redich-Kwong equation is less than 3%. The hydrogen pressure more influences on the compressibility factor than the hydrogen temperature does. Using the Zheng-Li equation of state to calculate the compressibility factor of on-board high pressure hydrogen can obtain high accuracy.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 2024

Following an internal column failure, adjacent double-span beams above the failed column will play a critical role in the load transfer and internal force redistribution within the remaining structure, and the span-to-depth ratios of double-span beams significantly influence the structural resistance capacity against progressive collapse. Most existing studies have focused on the collapse-resistant performances of single-story symmetric structures, whereas limited published works are available on the collapse resistances of multi-story steel frames with unequal spans. To this end, in this study, numerical models based on shell elements were employed to investigate the structural behavior of multi-story steel frames with unequal spans. The simulation models were validated using the previous experimental results obtained for single- and two-story steel frames, and the load-displacement responses and internal force development of unequal-span three-story steel frames under three cases were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, the specific contributions of the different mechanism resistances of unequal-span, double-span beams of each story were separated quantitatively using the energy equilibrium theory, with an aim to gain a deeper level of understanding of the load-resistance mechanisms in the unequal-span steel frames. The results showed that the axial and flexural mechanism resistances were determined by the span ratio and linear stiffness ratio of double-span beams, respectively.