• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-206
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyze economic adequacy by estimating the benefit-cost for bird eco-park, eco-center, eco-river, and eco-waterway, which will be built in the new town of Kimpoo, Yangchon. This paper attempts an economic analysis for the development of an eco-friendly new town. The rates of B/C (benefit-cost) in all scenarios are over one. Especially, the B/C rate of the eco-center is the most efficient of the four eco-facilities by 5.02 - 3.75. In addition, the construction costs of the five eco-facilities are assumed to be 50 percent higher, though their economic soundness is maintained. This paper implies that providing ecological variety is one of the core components in constructing housing complexes and suggests that the construction of housing be harmonized with zero-carbon and energy efficient methods.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.212-223
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• 2012

The "Eco-friendly", "Green" concepts was began around 1992 after the Rio Environmental Summit, and the need for sustainable development globally widespread. The green building certification system was began around 2000 and the concept of green building was started in the late 1990s. The green building, which welcomes a period of radical change, is for the survival of the Earth "climate change" and reducing energy consumption in building sector. In this architecture of eco-friendly concept, the green building is rapidly expanding and existing as a ecological environment preservation. Moreover, the realization of zero energy house is to mandate for new buildings in 2025. The aim of further eco-friendly is through the prior ecosystems to restore and product energy for the 9 Green Building model houses in this paper. Building in the concept of ecology is to show about change into 7R's from the 3R's. The "Reduce", "Reuse", "Recycle" consisting of "3R's" is correlated with the traditional to the present Green Building Design. U.S. NCARB (National Council of Architectural Registration Boards) change into the concept of 7R's as "Receive", "Restore", "Respect" and "Remember", added to "3R's". In this paper, the 9 Green Building model houses do not meet the criteria of 7R's. But, the Green Tomorrow of Samsung C & T Corporation meet the 6 criteria for 7R's. This company is most comfortable at low carbon Green Building model houses. Conclusionally, introduction of eco-friendly technologies and amenities for the health of human and natural community life is to advance eco-friendly construction and enhance brand value of housing. By the way, The problem of eco-friendly architecture is initial investment and maintenance. Therefore, eco-friendly architecture and government has to try solving of this difficulty.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2014

With the vision of 'a low carbon green develop' various industrial by-products were used as replacement of cement, in order to reduce $CO_2$ emissions from the manufacturing process of cement. Blast furnace slag is one of the industrial by-products. Due to the similar chemical compositions to ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace slag have been widely used in concrete with minimum side effects. Hence, in recent years, alkali activated slag-based composites are extensively studied by many researchers. However, the alkali activator can cause a number of problems in practice. Therefore, in this study, an alternative way of activating the slag was investigated. To activate the slag without using an alkali activator, calcium sulfate dihydrate was chosen and mixed with natural recycled fine aggregate. Fundamental properties of the slag-based mortar were tested to evaluate the effect of calcium sulfate dihydrate.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport established Heating and cooling energy conservation plan of apartment for 2017, reducing 90% compared to energy consumption of 1990. Also, at 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, the Ministry announced to reduce 37% of estimated $CO^2$ emission(850 million ton) at 2030. To satisfy this, it is urgent to reduce $CO^2$ emission due to the building, which takes majority amount of total $CO^2$ emission, and public interest for the commissioning of intensified building performance is uprising. However, the building commissioning at construction is not enacted, and not activated due to the lackness of promotion and will of general contractor. Furthermore, commissioning is not mandatory for obtaining G-SEED certification. Therefore, this paper describes effectiveness of commissioning with comparison of commissioning evaluation criteria of G-SEED with LEED and BREEAM, to propose making commissioning as mandatory process and drive changes in perception among stakeholders for activation of domestic building commissioning.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.3-12
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• 2010

Sustainable design is getting to be controversial issue in all industries over the world particularly, in architecture as the amount of energy usage in architecture occupies 40%. Therefore, it is essential to make the standard for the sustainable design. In order to construct the sustainable design, firstly it should be considered that sustainable design elements based on natural resources to increase building energy efficiency is established and classified. The method of sustainable design divides into passive design and active design. Passive design method should be examined with active one simultaneously for more efficient usage of energy. Next, the study is followed how the sustainable design elements is adopted in buildings through the comparison of cases study of domestic and oversea. The result of case study shows similar adoption of sustainable design elements between oversea and domestic. However, the difference is shown in the building orientation and shape and the window size and position in Solar energy as well as high performance structure in Heat energy. These elements are the most significant elements in order to reduce energy load. In oversea, sustainable design is generated by architects, a client, and consultants based on the close cooperation in the beginning of early design phase before deciding building shape and envelope while in the domestic field adoption for sustainable design is conducted after deciding building shape and material. In order to design sustainable architecture more study is necessary in early stage for Zero Carbon and reducing building energy load through relation with specialists, a client and architects.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.164-171
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• 2015

Although coal-fired power generation has played a role as base load unit, it has incurred various social costs in the process of generating and providing electricity. It is necessary to extend the proportion of low-carbon power generations, and reduce the ratio of coal-fired power generation to cope with global climate changes. This study, therefore, attempts to estimate the public's willingness-to-pay (WTP) for substitution of supplied electricity from hydro-electricity generation, a representative renewable energy, for coal-fired power generation. To this end, we apply the contingent valuation (CV) method, widely used technique when valuing non-market goods, to elicit the public's WTP. In addition, a spike model is employed to consider zero WTPs. After the empirical analysis with 1,000 households CV survey data, the results show that mean household's WTP for replacing supplied electricity from hydro-electricity generation with coal-fired power generation is estimated to be about 54 KRW per kWh. The results of this study are expected to contribute to determining energy-mix and provide benefit information of hydro-electricity generation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.397-401
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• 2009

On the crisis of international economy, the government is making an effort to seek economic growing motivation with the method of overcoming economic crisis and 'low carbon green growth'. Furthermore, to promote maritime vessel traffic service related inefficient energy wastage was revealed and eco-friendly alternative energy was accepted because of high price of oil in the beginning of 2008. In this situation, I'm going to discuss the possibility of eco-friendly energy system in maritime vessel traffic service with the way of cutting the budget and expansion of solar power generation system which was promoted to meet governmental 'energy saving plan for high price of oil'.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2001

The effects of ortho- (R = H and CH3) and Y-substituents (Y = OCH3, CH3H and CN), which are directly attached to the carbonyl carbon, on the protonation equilibria of the para-X-substituted benzoyl derivatives, 4-X -2, 6-di-R-C6H2-C(=O)-Y, are investigated theoretically using the B3LYP method with 6-31+G* basis set. Structurally, both of the (B) and (BH+ ) forms in the species with R = H are nearly coplanar regardless of the Y-substituents implying that the steric repulsion between Y-substituent and R = H is relatively small. In the species with R = CH3 , the tortional angle (Θ) between the carbonyl moiety and aryl ring varies from zero to near right angle depending on the degree of steric repulsion between Y and R = CH3 and the resonance demand. However the reaction energies, ΔG°, for the protonation processes are more favorable for R = CH3 than for R = H due to stronger electron donating effect of R = CH3 , although the species with R = CH3 are unfavorable sterically. On the other hand, the Hammett type plots are progressively better correlated with б+ than with б values on going from Y = OCH3 to Y = CN for both species with R = H and CH3 indicating that the degree of resonance delocalization between carbonyl moiety and X-substituent is increased for a more electron accepting Y-substituent. Nevertheless the effects of R = CH3 on the magnitude of Hammett type reaction constants ( б or б+ ) are not much different from those of R = H.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.453-461
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• 2021

The energy use of forest biomass is crucial to deal with climate change and achieve the carbon-neutral goal. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of forest biomass thermal energy facilities and calculate the optimal subsidy level of heat supply to ensure continued operation of the facilities. To achieve this aim, the net present value approach (NPV) and call option price model are adopted considering wood chip price volatilities. The Forest Energy Self-Sufficient Village Project financed by Korea Forest Service is considered as the research case study. In our analysis, when 50% of the initial investment is given to the subsidies and RECs are applied to only power generation, NPV and IRR are both negative and the investment value using the real option model is also zero. We concluded that some heat subsidies should be acknowledged to keep the facilities operating. Besides, the simulation results reveal reliable economic values when the heating subsidy is priced at KRW 0.0248 per kcal.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2019

Graphene, with impressive electronic properties, have high potential in the microelectronic field. However, graphene itself is a zero bandgap material which is not suitable for digital logic gates and its application. Thus, much focus is on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) that are narrow strips of graphene. During GNRs fabrication process, the occurrence of defects that ultimately change electronic properties of graphene is difficult to avoid. The modelling of GNRs with defects is crucial to study the non-idealities effects. In this work, nearest-neighbor tight-binding (TB) model for GNRs is presented with three main simplifying assumptions. They are utilization of basis function, Hamiltonian operator discretization and plane wave approximation. Two major edges of GNRs, armchair-edged GNRs (AGNRs) and zigzag-edged GNRs (ZGNRs) are explored. With single vacancy (SV) defects, the components within the Hamiltonian operator are transformed due to the disappearance of tight-binding energies around the missing carbon atoms in GNRs. The size of the lattices namely width and length are varied and studied. Non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism is employed to obtain the electronics structure namely band structure and density of states (DOS) and all simulation is implemented in MATLAB. The band structure and DOS plot are then compared between pristine and defected GNRs under varying length and width of GNRs. It is revealed that there are clear distinctions between band structure, numerical DOS and Green's function DOS of pristine and defective GNRs.