• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 1987

Two allelotypes of sMDH variation, namely A and B type, are known in the dark chub, Zacco temmincki. We attempted to clarify their probable functional enzymatic difEerence with temperature change. Two types of sMDH were purified separately by successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and blue 2-Sepharose amEnity columns, and their ensymatic activities to temperature change were measured. Q10 of Vmax and Vmax/Km were significantly different between two types, i.e. A type being higher in Q10 values than B type. Based on the result it is assumed that A type may be more sensitive to temperature change than B type.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1979

The fish faeona of the Hyeongsan River was found to be as follows; 1. The study of fish fauna for this paper was achieved from May to August in 1978. 2. The collected cyprinid fishes from the Hyeongsan River are 13 species in 10 genera, i. e., Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Gnathopogon coreanus, Gnathopogon majimae, Pseudorasbora parve, Pungtungia herzi, Moroco oxycephalus, Moroco lagewskii, Triboledon hakenensis, Zacco platypus, Zacco temmincki, Rhodeus ocellatus and Pseudoperilampus uyekii. 3. Among them the 5 species, Pseudorasbora parva, Moroco oxycephalus, Zacco platypus, Rhodeus ocellatue and Pseudoperilampus uyekii, are first described from this river. 4. Zacco temmincki is a dominant species in the whole river and Moroco oxycephalus at the upper, Zacco temmincki at the middle and Carassius auratus at the lower part of the river are dominant species in each studied area. 5. The number of distributed cyprinid species in this river compared to the adjacent river basins is $43.3\%$ of the whole Nakdong River and $118.2\%$ of the Taewha River.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2003

Vertebrates with different habitats have different proportions of visual cells, with the rod cells responding to scotopic vision and the cone cells responding to photopic and color vision in their retinas. The present work studied whether the kinds and arrangement patterns of the cone cells and interlocking morphology of the lens were related to the kind of preys and habitats in the genus Zacco. The retinas were observed by a light microscopy using H-E staining method and the interlocking formula of the lens fibers were investigated by a scanning electron microscopy. The interlocking formula of the lens fibers of Z. temmincki is an ' anchor and socket ' connection, and that of Z. platypus is a ' ball and socket ' connection. The cone cells of Z. platypus and Z. temmincki constituted compacted mosaic patterns of row type. Away from the center, the double and single cone cells gradually increased in diameter. Zacco temmincki had identical double cone cells and Z. platypus had non-identical double and single cone cells. The eyes of Z. temminckifeeding on a moving aquatic insects in relative limpid water and swift current of mid and upper stream have better resolution than that of Z. platypus feeding on mainly adhesive algae and some aquatic insects in slightly turbid water of mid stream.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 1998

The ichthyofauna and the structure of fish community were surveyed from August 1995 to October 1997 at twenty one stations in the Wicheon river which is a first tributary located at the middle reach of the Nakdong river system. During the surveyed period, 40 species belonging to ten families were collected. Of them cyprinid fish occupied 65.0% (26 species) and cobitid fish 12.5% (5 species). Sixteen species (40.0%) were known as Korean endemic species. Dominant species were Zacco temmincki (15.35%), Zacco platypus (14.12%), and Squalidus gracilis majimae (11.32%). Rare species which occupied less than 0.1% of total individuals were Cyprinus carpio, Culter brevicauda, Misgurnus mizoiepis, Cobitis rotundicaudata, Leiocassis ussuriensis, Silurus asotus, Macropodus chinensis, and Channa argus. A tendancy were shown in regional distribution that Moroco oxycephalus dominated in upper stream, Zacco temmincki, Squalidus gracilis majimae, and Niwaella multifasciata in mid - upper stream, acheilognathid fishes and Zacco temmincki in mid - lower stream, and Zacco platypus and microphysogobioid fishes in lower stream. St. 9, 10, and 11 which located in mid - reach of main stream and St. 17, 18 and 19 which located in mid - reach of the Ssanggye stream had the most stable and diverse community structure.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1998

The ichthyofauna and the structure of fish community were surveyed from April to November 1997 at eighteen stations in the Yonggang river which is a first tributary located at the middle reach of the Nakdong river system. During the surveyed period, 32 species belonging to ten families were collected. Of them cyprinid fish occupied 53.1% (17 species) and cobitid fish 15.6% (5 species). Thirteen species (40.6%) were known as Korean endemic species. Dominant species were Zacco temmincki (32.78%) and Moroco oxycephalus (15.10%). Zacco platypus, Pungtungia herzi. Niwaella multifasciata, and Odontobutis platycephala were common species. Rare species which occupied less than 0.1% of total individuals were Lampetra reissneri, Pseudorasbora parva, Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Microphysogobio koreensis, Gobiobitia naktongensis, Cobitis rotundicaudata, Nemacheilus toni, Silurus asotus, Silurus microdorsalis, Siniperca scherzeri, and Oreochromis niloticus. A tendancy were shown in regional distribution that Moroco oxycephalus dominated in upper stream, Zacco temmincki and Moroco oxycephalus in mid - upper stream, Zacco temmincki and Niwaella multifasciata in mid - lower stream, and Zacco platypus and microphysogobioid fishes in lower stream. St. 11 which located in mid- reach of Yongam stream and St. 15 and 18 which located in main stream had the most stable and diverse community structure, but St. 1, 5, and 7 were unstable and the simplest community structure.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1993

한국과 일본에 분포하는 갈겨니(Z. temmincki)를 대상으로 유전적 변이를 조사한 결과 한국에 분포하는 갈겨니 A(mm)-type과 일본에 분포하는 B-type(Watanabe and Mizuguchl, 1988)은 유전적으로 매우 가까운 동일 종으로 나타났고 한국산 갈겨니 B (MS)-type과 일본산 갈겨니 A-type의 유연관계가 가장 멀게 나타났다. 따라서 한국 및 일본에 분포하는 갈겨니는 모두 3종이 존재하는 것으로 추정되며 일본과 한국에 각각 2종씩이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 갈겨니의 분화시기는 홍적세시기(Pleistocene)에 이루어진 것으로 추정되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.232-241
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• 1989

Two cytosol malate dehydrogenase allelomorphs are found in the Dark Chub, Zacco temmincki, a freshwater fish inhabiting Korean waters. Mdh-1MM(hereafter referred to as A-type) is distributed along the south and southeastern parts of Korea, whereas the B-type(Mdh-1MS) is found everywhere except the southeast. Several syrnpatric populations can be found in the southern areas with no hybridization between them. The pattern of geographic distribution would indicate that A-type is superior adaptation to colder water temperature; this is collaborated by evidence collected from a sympatric length of the Tongchon stream, Namhae. The relative warmth of the water along this portion of the stream's length was determined its altitude and the time of year. Frequency of B-types found was directly proportional to the relative warmth of the water and inversely proportional to the nurnber of A-types found in the sarne station. Current data tends to suggest that the B-type of Zacco temrnincki first differentiated from Zacco platypus approximately one million years ago (Yang et al., 1984) while A-type subsequently branched from B-type 300,000 years later(Yang and Mm, 1987) through a progressive adaptation toward colder temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.417-431
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• 1987

Isozyme analysis, morphometric comparison, and artificial hybridization test wereperformed to elucidate the patterns of genic variation, morphological differentiation, genetic incompatibility, and a probable path in speciation between two MDH allelotypes (MM type and MS type) of the Dark Chub Zacco temmincki, a fresh water fish inhabiting in Korean waters. The degree of genic variation of MS type(HD=.023, HG=.021) was twofold higher than that of MM type (HD=.013, HG=.014) but both allelotypes were far less than the average genic variation of fresh water Bish in general. The average genetic similarities among 7 populations of MM type and 6 Populations of MS type were S=.947 and S=.966 respectively, whereas the value between two allelotypes was S=.853. Presumed divergent time of two allelotypes was estimated to be about 700 thousand years ago. Discriminant function analysis based on 18 morphometric characters of 302 specimens representing 12 populations revealed no morphological difference between two allelotypes. Artificial hybridization test indicates that there is an obvious genetic incogpatibility between two allelotypes and therefore it is assumed that isolating mechanism is completed.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1995

The ichthyofauna was investigated at the thirteen sites in the Tamjin River from August 1994 to February 1995. The collected fishes were classified into thirty-nine species belonging to 29 genera and 10 families. Among these 12 species were classified as endemic species or subspecies in Korea. Major species in this river system appeared to be Zacco temminchi, Acanthorhodeus gracilis, Zacco platypus, Rhodeus uyekii, Puntungia herzi and Squalidus gracilis majimae. Odontobutis obscura interrupta was collected for the first time in this area.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 1986

Comparative study of karyotypes in two allotypes $(Mdh-1^{MM} and Mdh-1^{MS})$ of the dark chub (Zacco temmincki) was examined. Both types had diploid number of 48 but the 7th chromosome was strikingly different between them. The chromosomes of $Mdh-1^{MM}$ type was consisted of 6 pairs of metacentrics, 6 pairs of submetacentrics, and 12 pairs of acrocentrics whereas the chromosomes of $Mdh-1^{MS}$ type had 7 pairs of metacentrics, 5 pairs of submetacentrics and 12 pairs of acrocentrics. No hybrid type between these two types was found in sympatric area at Tongchon River Namhae. Probable reproductive isolation between them was discussed.