• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2003

The effects of the composition and additives on the blackening and deposition rate of electroless Ni-Zn plating have been examined. Hydrazine resulted in lower sheet resistance of the deposit than sodium hypophosphite. Zinc concentration more than 15 wt% and small amount of ammonium sulfate in the deposits were needed in obtaining Ni-Zn deposit with a black color. An optimum condition was obtained for the black Ni-Zn deposit at an appreciable deposition rate.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2009

본 연구는 돈분슬럿지에 함유되어 있는 구리와 아연을 제거하여 합리적인 돈분슬럿지 자원 화비료 생산법을 연구하였고 돈분슬럿지 자원화비료를 시비 후 옥수수를 재배한 토양과 식물체를 분석하여 돈분슬럿지 자원화비료의 안정성을 조사한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 돈분슬럿지의 화학적 특성 중 비효성분으로는 질소와 인산의 함량이 각각 4.4%와 6.29%이며 pH는 7.57로써 작물의 생육에 적합수준이나 돈분슬럿지에 함유되어 있는 중금속인 구리와 아연의 함량은 각각 805mg/kg, 1,704mg/kg으로 비료의 제한기준인 300mg/kg, 900mg/kg 보다 높아 적절한 퇴비화과정을 거치치 않고 토양에 직접 시비하였을 경우에는 토양에 중금속 집적이라는 토양오염을 유발할 소지가 있다고 사료된다. 유기산 9종류를 제조하여 중금속을 제거한바 구연산1수화물의 경우에는 구리 58%, 아연 97%를 제거하였고 옥살산2수화물의 경우에 는 구리와 아연 각각 48%, 56%의 제거율을 보인바 구연산1수화물을 구리와 아연의 제거용액으로 선정하고 증류수에 유기산용액의 혼합비율을 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% 4가지 수준으로 나누어 구리와 아연의 중금속 제거율을 측정한 바, 유기산용액의 혼합비율이 많아질수록 구리와 아연의 제거율이 정의상관관계를 나타내고 있으며 유기산용액 100% 수준에서는 돈분슬럿지의 잔존 구리와 아연의 함량은 330.03mg/kg, 41.28mg/kg로 구리의 경우에는 59% 아연의 경우에는 97%의 제거율을 나타내고 있다. 교반식 퇴비화과정으로 돈분슬럿지의 자원화 처리를 진행한 바 교반식 퇴비화 과정이 정체식 퇴비화 과정에 비하여 안정화 기간이 짧았고 이러한 안정화 단계는 온도변화에서 확인할 수 있는데 교반식의 경우에는 최고의 온도가 $4^{\circ}C$ 더 높게 나타났으며 안정화 최종단계라고 판단할 수 있는 온도 하강의 경우에도 교반식이 정체식에 비하여 7일 빠르게 진행된 것으로 나타난 바 교반식 퇴비화과정이 정체식 퇴비화과정보다 효율이 높다고 사료된다. 구연산1수화물로 돈분슬럿지의 구리와 아연을 제거한 후 돈분슬럿지의 pH가 강산성 수준인 2 이하로 낮아졌는데 이는 돈분슬럿지가 저유기산이라도 구연산1수화물에 48시간동안 접촉하는 과정에서 화학적 특성이 변화된 것으로 사료되며, pH를 조절하기 위하여 소석회와 부자재를 혼합하여 퇴비화과정을 진행하여야 자원화비료로써의 활용가치가 높아진다. pH, EC 및 함수율의 안정화는 교반식 퇴비화과정이 정체식 퇴비화과정보다 빠르게 나타났다. 식물발아 실험인 Germination index 지수에서도 확인가능한데 교반식의 경우에는 안정화 단계의 기준인 Germination index 지수 80의 도달시점이 3주이내보다 정체식의 경우에는 4주 이후에 안정화기준인 80이 관찰되었다. 그러므로 생산기간의 단축에 의한 생산비 절감측면에서 볼 때 정체식 퇴비화공정보다는 교반식 퇴비화과정이 돈분슬럿지의 자원화비료 생산에 합리적인 퇴비화방법이라고 사료된다. 중금속의 함유량 등을 조사하여 토양과 사일리지 옥수수의 체내 안정성을 검사한바 옥수수 재배 후에 토양의 구리와 아연의 함량은 구연산1수화물로 중금속을 제거한 처리구2의 경우에는 구리, 아연의 함량이 각각 2.40mg/kg, 4.26mg/kg으로 돈분슬럿치만을 시비한 처리구3의 구리와 아연의 함량 8.00 mg/kg, 22.37mg/kg에 비하여 낮은 수준으로 나타나고 있다. 식물체인 청안옥의 중금속 함량도 식물체 부위별로 돈분슬럿지만을 시비한 처리구3이 구연산 1수화물로 중금속을 제거한 처리구2 보다 최소2배에서 최대 4배까지 높았다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1997

To investigate the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in Onsan bay, concentrations of cadmium, copper, zine and lead in surface sediments and the periwinkles (Littorina brevicula) were determined in Feburary and July, 1996. The ranges of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead concentrations in the surface sediments were 0.08-3.72, 3-307, 49-1273 and 15-399 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weight, respectively, The decrease of concentration in heavy metals with distance from Daejeong stream indicated that this stream is the pollutant source of heavy metals in Onsan Bay. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, zinc and led in L. brevicula were 0.11-11.81, 21-212, 30-96 and 0.26-4.12 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weigth in February and 1.01-24.9, 66-325, 54-225 and 0.68-8.41 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weight in July, respectively. These concentrations in L. brevicula were the significantly different (p<0.001) with the season of sampling. However, overall distribution of concentrations of heavy metals in L. brevicula had very similar tendency that concentrations of heavy metal decreased with the distance from the pollutant source irrespective of the two seasons. Therefore, L. brevicula is considered as a useful indicator for heavy metals pollution, According to analysis of the organs, tissues such as the digestive gland, gill and viceral mussel accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

A wastewater treatment plant, operating process is physico-chemical/biological activated sludge attached sand filtration, was selected to evaluate effluent quality and pollutants removal efficiencies consideration for deriving the technology-based effluent limitation for petroleum refining industry discharge. The results of influent and effluent analysis were as follows: Average effluent quality were 0.076mg/l of copper, 0.084mg/l of lead, 0.036mg/l of zinc, 0.005mg/l of nickel and 0.004mg/l of cadmium, and the range of coefficient of reliability from 0.007 of copper to 1.0 of lead. Also, 95% of reliability, 0.112, 0.15, 0.063, 0.015 and 0.009mg/l, respectively, were remarkably lower than their effluent limitations. And to reach 95% reliability of effluent limitation at cleanness area, designed effluent quality of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium should be 0.268, 0.099, 0.526 and 0.008mg/l, respectively.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1268_1269
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• 2009

This work shows the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on properties of indium-zinc oxide (IZO) thin films. The RTA temperatue was controlled between 300 and $500^{\circ}C$ under the two different ambient conditions such as vacuum and oxygen. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of IZO films were characterized in terms of RTA conditions. XRD and resistivity measurements showed that crystallization for IZO films occurred at an RTA temperature of about $400^{\circ}C$. For the IZO film treated at $500^{\circ}C$ of RTA, the resistivity, carrier concentration, hall mobility, and transmittance were approximately $10^2{\Omega}cm$, $10^{15}cm^{-3}$, $10cm^2/V{\cdot}s$, and 85%, respectively, which would be suitable for its application to the channel layer in transparent thin film transistors.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

The electric arc furnace (EAF) dust used in this experiment showed the formation of an irregular agglomerate of small spherical particles and consisted of 27.5% Fe, 18% Zn, 4.83% Pb and 10.2% CaO, and it also contained 3.26% Cl and 0.15% F. IR spectra peaks of Pb(OH)Cl were observed at 1630 and 1377 ${cm}^{-1}$ regions and the intensity decreased using an acid treatment (1N ${H}_{2}{SO}_{4}$) and thermal treatment at above 600℃, but it was not affected by washing process. Those of ${Zn}_{5}{(OH)}_{8}{Cl}_{2}$ treated by oxidation showed broad absorption peak at 3600∼3200 ${cm}^{-1}$, main peaks at 1136 and 1040 ${cm}^{-1}$ and a splitting peak at 991 and 921 ${cm}^{-1}$ which were believed to be due to ZnO by oxidation at about 700∼. The IR spectra of the dust residues by a washing process show the same peaks at 3449, 1635, 1439, 875, 571 and 455 ${cm}^{-1}$ regions, but the peaks at 2942, 2862, 1136 and 1040 ${cm}^{-1}$ decreased and disappeared using an acid treatment and washing process, which is believed to be due to the dissolution of zinc hydroxyl chloride.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1977

In previous paper, it was reported that antibiotic substance such as tetracycline and streptomycin were produced by S'. albus subsp. and S'. globosus. And increase of mycelial growth of two strains, antibiotic production, and changes of pH range are extended to approximately 110-130 hrs in fermenting medium, there-after they decreased with culture period exception of pH range. Two Streptomyces spp. required commonly 4-5% starch as carbon sources and 1.5-2.0% soybean meal as nitrogen sources. However, 0.005-0.01M potassium phosphate dibasic, calcium carbonate (6mg/ml in S.albus subsp. and 2mg/ml in S. globosus), 0.01-0.03M, magnesium sulgate and 0.01M ferric chloride showed as optimal concentration for the growth of 2 strains. Mineral compoments such as zinc, manganese, cobalt, sodium and copper at the level of 10/sup -4/ -10/sup -6/M were observed. Especially, zinc ion showed toxicity to the growth of 2 strains at 0.005M. In relation with pH, there is a little difference in mycelial growth with cultural initial pH.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was on the economic feasibility of BIPV system, focused on comparison with construction cost of BAPV system depend on roof finishing materials, and to suggest basic data on the construction cost. Method: Construction cost of BAPV system was calculated, by selecting asphalt single, flat type roof tile, color steel plate, titanium zinc plate as roof finishing material of residential building and by sum up each cost for roof finishing construction and cost for 3kWp-volumed PV module installation. Also, the economic feasibility was analysed quantitatively by comparing the cost for BIPV system construction, installing same volumed PV module instead of roof finishing materials. Result: 1. By installing BIPV system instead of the roof finishing material, the cost of construction falls ; about 19% in case of the titanium zinc plate, which is the most expensive, and about 11% in case of the color steel plate. 2. Reducing amount of the construction cost gets larger because of installing BIPV module instead of the roof finishing material, as the construction cost for roof finishing material gets higher ; therefore, it is more economical than BAPV system in terms of whole cost of construction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2006

Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium zinc oxide (IZO) anode films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering were investigated as functions of RF power and working pressure in pure Ar ambient. To investigate electrical, optical and structural properties of IZO anode films, 4-point probe and UV/VIS spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed, respectively. A sheet resistance of $15.2{\Omega}/{\square}$, average transmittance above 80 % in visible range, expecially above 85 % in 550 nm, and root mean square roughness of 1.13 nm were obtained from optimized IZO anode films grown in oxygen free ambient. All samples show amorphous structure regardless of RF power and working pressure due to low substrate temperature. In addition, XPS depth profile obtained from IZO/PES exhibits that there is no obvious evidence of interfacial reaction between IZO and PES substrate. Furthermore, current-voltage-luminance of the flexible phosphorescent flexible OLEDs fabricated on IZO anode shows dependence on sheet resistance of the IZO anode. These results indicate that the IZO anode is a promising candidate to substitute conventional ITO anode for high-quality flexible displays.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.271-272
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• 2006

Zinc confers high corrosion resistance by acting as a sacrificial anode, and a zinc coating improves the appearance of steel. Chromate conversion coating (CCC) films are still one of the most efficient surface treatments for steel. Although such films can self-repair via the dissolution of Cr(VI), dissolved Cr(VI) have adverse effects on humans, and the environment. Therefore, we examined the corrosion protection property and morphology of colloidal silica conversion films as an alternative to CCC films. The corrosion behavior was investigated in 3% NaCl solution using electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, open circuit potential, and the salt spray test(SST). Corrosion was implied by the appearance of red rust on the specimen surface. In corrosion resistance at 3% NaCl solution, red rust appeared at 15-20, 55-70, and 83-98 days on Zn-electroplated steel, colloidal silica conversion-coated specimens, and CCC-coated specimens, respectively. In the salt spray test, the colloidal silica film provided better corrosion protection than CCC films, i.e., red rust appeared at 96 hours on the Zn-electroplated steel sheet, at 432 hours with the CCC films, and at 888 hours with silica conversion coating.