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Effects of Methionine Hydroxy Analogue on changes of Characteristics of food wastes in Incubator (메치오닌 수산화물의 첨가가 남은 음식물의 보관 중 성상변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, H.J.;Kim, H.S.;Jeong, H.Y.;Kang, S.W.;Ki, K.S.;Cho, K.K.;Cho, J.S.;Hong, Z.S.;Jin, M.G.;Lee, H.G.;Choi, Y.J.
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to improve the utilization of food wastes known as major source of environmental pollution and to determine proper additional levels of methionine hydroxy analogue(MHA) on food wastes. 1%, 3% and 5% of MHA were added to 3 groups of food wastes gathered from small cafeteria. Each group has 3 reiteration. NaCl contents were tended to get higher as addition levels increased(p<0.05). And pH values were tended to get lower as additional levels increased(p<0.05). $NH_3-N$ contents were significantly decreased as additional levels increased(p<0.05). Total VFA(Volatile Fatty Acid) content was increased after 30 days of storage on control. On MHA treatments(1, 3, 5%), total VFA contents were decreased until 15 days of storage, and kept low values until the end of experiment. In terms of superficial change, mildew covered all over control, and covered by thin mildew on the surface of 1% MHA treatment. No superficial change found on 3% and 5% MHA treatments. In conclusion, over 1% addition of MHA was effective to prevent the decay and degeneration of food wastes.

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The Mediating effect of Public Transportation Satisfaction on Body Mass Index according to Walking days in Korea middle aged (한국 중년의 대중교통 만족도에 따른 체질량지수에 대한 걷기 일수의 매개효과)

  • Kim, Myung-Gwan;Lee, Eun-Ju
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.493-499
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effects of walking days on body mass index (BMI) according to the public transportation satisfaction of middle aged Koreans aged 40-59 in Korea using the 2015 community health survey data. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for provision of the neighborhood environment and support programs for the walking activity and promotion of daily walking activities among middle aged people. Among 228,558 individuals, 85,344 middle aged people aged 40-59 years were selected as final subjects for analysis. The data were analyzed with the open source statistics program R 3.4.1 to determine whether the number of walking days had a mediating effect on body mass index (BMI) as an independent variable. The Sobel test revealed that the number of walking days increased by B=0.010(p=.010), and that when the satisfaction with public transportation increased, B=-0.052 (p=.021), the number of walking days decreased by B=-0.038 (p=.001). To increase the number of walking days and decrease the body mass index by increasing public transportation satisfaction by increasing the use of public transportation, public transportation fare adequacy and access convenience among the public transportation satisfaction mentioned above should be improved more than the current level. It is not easy for individuals that live in small cities to reach their destination by public transportation after leaving the metropolitan area; therefore, improvement of public transportation systems is necessary to improve health.

Effects of Supplementation of Mulberry (Morus alba) Foliage and Urea-rice Bran as Fermentable Energy and Protein Sources in Sheep Fed Urea-treated Rice Straw Based Diet

  • Yulistiani, Dwi;Jelan, Z.A.;Liang, J.B.;Yaakub, H.;Abdullah, N.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.494-501
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    • 2015
  • A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake ($76.8{\pm}4.2g/kg\;BW^{0.75}$) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility ($55.3{\pm}1.22$; $69.9{\pm}0.85$; $46.3{\pm}1.65%$ respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets ($3.0{\pm}0.32g/d$). In contrast, the rumen ammonia ($NH_3-N$) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The $NH_3-N$ concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.

Invitro and Virtual Screening of Bioactive Molecule from Mycelium of Trichoderma atroviride Inhibit the UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine Deacetylases (LpxC) for Treatment of Bacterial Infection

  • Saravanakumar, Kandasamy;Park, Cheol-Ho;Wang, Myeong-Hyeon
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2018.04a
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    • pp.67-67
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    • 2018
  • Trichoderma species are a rich source of metabolites, but less known for biomedical potential. This work deals with antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of intracellular non-cytotoxic metabolites, extracted from Trichoderma atroviride (KNUP001). A total of 53 fractions was collected by column chromatography and tested for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Only one fraction (F41) was found to be non-toxic to Vero cells with $95.4{\pm}0.61%$ of survival. The F41 was then subjected to chemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant assays. The F41 at $500{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ showed the total antioxidant of $48.70{\pm}2.90%$, DPPH radical scavenging activity of $37.25{\pm}2.25$, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of $54.55{\pm}1.95$ and $H_2O_2$ radical scavenging activity of $43.75{\pm}3.21$. The F41 at $25{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$), P. mirabilis ($10.4{\pm}0.6mm$), S. dysenteriae ($18.6{\pm}03mm$), S. paratyphi A ($14.1{\pm}1.1mm$), E. aerogenes ($5.6{\pm}0.4mm$) and S. marcescens ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$). GC-MS analysis revealed the dominant presence of oleic acid C 18.1 (63.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.17%), and ethyl oleate (4.93%) and potent molecules such as 8-[(2E)-2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (1Z)-N-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethanimidothioate, Fluorene in the F41, and virtual study revealed that these molecules are likely responsible for the antibacterial activities of F41. Hence, further investigation deserves on purification and characterization of the active metabolites from T. atroviride strain KNUP001 towards developing molecular leads to effective antibacterial drugs, and non-toxic to host cells.

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INFLUENCE OF LIGHT SOURCE AND CURING TIME ON SURFACE HARDNESS OF RESIN COMPOSITES (중합 광원과 중합 시간이 복합레진의 표면 경도에 미치는 영향)

  • Bae, Sang-Man;Lee, Kwang-Hee;Kim, Dae-Eup;Ahn, Ho-Young
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of study was to compare the plasma arc light with the halogen light in compostie resin curing. Three composite resin materials(Z-100, 3M, USA; Tetric Ceram, Vivadent, Liechtenstein; SureFil, Dentsply, USA) were filled in the teflon molds (4mm in diameter and 2, 3, 4, 5mm in thickness) and cured with either the conventional low-intensity light curing unit with a halogen lamp (Optilux 360, Demetron, U.S.A.) for duration of 40 seconds or with the high-intensity light curing unit with a plasma arc lamp (Flipo, Lokki, France) for duration of 3, 6, and 9 seconds. The intensity of halogen light was about $370mW/cm^2$ and that of plasma light was about $1,900mW/cm^2$. After one week, the surface hardnesses of both the top and the bottom of the resin samples were measured with a microhardness tester(MXT70, Matsuzawa, Japan). There were significant differences in the hardness between the top and the bottom of the resin samples except the 2mm thickness samples cured by halogen light for 40s or by plasma light for 9s. There was no significant difference between the hardness values of the top surfaces of the thickness groups. The hardness values of the bottom surfaces decreased as the curing time decreased and as the thickness of resin samples increased, and the three kinds of resin composites showed similar patterns. The results suggest that the halogen light for 40 seconds might be able to cure greater depth of resin composites than the plasma light for 3, 6, or 9 seconds.

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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Manganese(II), Iron(III) and Cobalt(III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligand. Potential of Cobalt(III) Complex in Biological Activity

  • El-Tabl, Abdou S.;Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.;El-Seidy, Ahmed M.A.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.919-925
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    • 2011
  • A new series of manganese(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of 14-membered macrocyclic ligand, (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1,8-diamine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, $^1H$- and $^{13}C$- NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, and ESR measurements. Molar conductance measurements in DMF solution indicate that the complexes are electrolytes. The ESR spectrum for cobalt(III) complex in $CD_3OD+10%D_2O$ after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K using a 0.2217 M rad $h^{-1}$ vicrad source showed $g_{\perp}$ > $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_z2$ orbital with covalent bond character. In this case, the ligand hyperfine tensors are nearly collinear with ${\gamma}$-tensors, so there is no major tendency to bend. Therefore, little extra delocalization via the ring lobe of the $dz^2$ orbital occurs. However, the ESR spectrum in solid state after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K showed $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_{\perp}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_x2_{-y}2$ ground state as the resulting spectrum contains a large number of randomly oriented molecules provided that, the principle directions of g and A tensors. Manganese (II) complex 2, $[H_{12}LMn]Cl_4.2H_2O$, showed six isotropic lines characteristic to an unpaired electron interacting with a nucleus of spin 5/2, however, iron(III) complex 3, $[H_{12}LFe]Cl_5.H_2O$, showed spectrum of a high spin $^{57}Fe$ (I=1/2), $d^5$ configuration. The geometry of these complexes was supported by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and ESR spectral studies. Complex 1 showed exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.

Single-Camera Micro-Stereo 4D-PTV (단일카메라 마이크로 스테레오 4D-PTV)

  • Doh, Deog-Hee;Cho, Young-Beom;Lee, Jae-Min;Kim, Dong-Hyuk;Jo, Hyo-Jae
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.34 no.12
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    • pp.1087-1092
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    • 2010
  • A micro 3D-PTV system has been constructed using a single camera system. Two viewing holes were created behind the object lens of the microscopic system to construct a stereoscopic viewing image. A hybrid recursive PTV algorithm was used. A concept of epipolar line was adopted to eliminate many spurious candidates. Three-dimensional velocity vector fields were obtained by calculating the three-dimensional displacements of particles that were identified as being identical. The system consists of a laser light source (Ar-ion, 500 mW), one high-definition camera ($1028{\times}1024$ pixels, 500 fps), a circular plate with two viewing holes, and a host computer. The performance of the developed algorithm was tested using artificial images. The characteristic of the vector recovery ratio was investigated for the particle numbers. A micro backward-facing step channel ($H{\times}h{\times}W:\;36{\mu}m{\times}70{\mu}m{\times}3000{\mu}m$) was measured using the developed measurement system. The results were in good qualitative agreement with other results.

Movement range and behavior characteristics of Pagrus major by acoustic telemetry in Byeonsan Peninsular, Korea (음향 텔레메트리에 의한 변산반도에서의 참돔(Pagrus major)의 이동 범위 및 행동 특성)

  • HEO, Gyeom;HEO, Min-A;KANG, Kyoungmi;HWANG, Doo-Jin;SHIN, Hyeon-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.57 no.1
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    • pp.34-44
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    • 2021
  • In order to collect basic information of response behavior of red seabream (Pagrus major) during pilling, works for constructing wind power station in Byeonsan Peninsular, Korea were investigated. Four cultured red seabream CRB1 to CRB4 [total length (TL): 27.1 ± 1.0 cm; body weight: 359 ± 30 g] were tagged with an acoustic tag and used in experiment. CRB1 and CRB2 to CBR4 were released on the sea surface at same time around the constructing site of the wind power plant on September 22, 2017 and July 18, 2018, respectively. The tracking of the CRB1 to CRB2 and CRB3 to CRB4 were conducted for two hours, approximately, using VR100 receiver including a directional hydrophone and VR2W receivers array consisted of 19 presence/absence receivers (VR2W receivers), respectively. The underwater noise level before (no pile driving works) and during pile driving works was measured 116.0-118.0 dB (re 1��Pa) and a maximum of 160 dB (re 1��Pa), respectively. CRB1 moved about 6.0 km with average swimming speed of 80.2 ± 20.5 cm/s for 2.1 hours without pile driving work. The average water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB1 was 9.1 ± 0.4 m. CRB2 moved about 7.3 km with the average swimming speed of 96.8 ± 27.1 cm/s for 2.1 hours with pile driving work. The water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB2 was 11.9 ± 0.6 m. At results of the Rayleigh's z-test two fishes CRB1 and CRB2 showed significant directionality in the movement (p < 0.01). Movement mean angles of CRB1 and CRB2 were 92.7 and 251.8°, respectively. CRB2, CRB3 and CRB4 exhibited the escaping behavioral response from the noise of source during the pile driving work. The swimming speed of the CRB2 exposed on the heavy underwater noise stimuli due to the pile driving work was 1.21 times faster than that of the CRB1 exposed on the ambient underwater noise in the study site.

A channel parameter-based weighting method for performance improvement of underwater acoustic communication system using single vector sensor (단일 벡터센서의 수중음향 통신 시스템 성능 향상을 위한 채널 파라미터 기반 가중 방법)

  • Kang-Hoon, Choi;Jee Woong, Choi
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.610-620
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    • 2022
  • An acoustic vector sensor can simultaneously receive vector quantities, such as particle velocity and acceleration, as well as acoustic pressure at one location, and thus it can be used as a single input multiple output receiver in underwater acoustic communication systems. On the other hand, vector signals received by a single vector sensor have different channel characteristics due to the azimuth angle between the source and receiver and the difference in propagation angle of multipath in each component, producing different communication performances. In this paper, we propose a channel parameter-based weighting method to improve the performance of an acoustic communication system using a single vector sensor. To verify the proposed method, we used communication data collected from the experiment conducted during the KOREX-17 (Korea Reverberation Experiment). For communication demodulation, block-based time reversal technique which is robust against time-varying channels were utilized. Finally, the communication results showed that the effectiveness of the channel parameter-based weighting method for the underwater communication system using a single vector sensor was verified.

A study on Broad Quantification Calibration to various isotopes for Quantitative Analysis and its SUVs assessment in SPECT/CT (SPECT/CT 장비에서 정량분석을 위한 핵종 별 Broad Quantification Calibration 시행 및 SUV 평가를 위한 팬텀 실험에 관한 연구)

  • Hyun Soo, Ko;Jae Min, Choi;Soon Ki, Park
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.20-31
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    • 2022
  • Purpose Broad Quantification Calibration(B.Q.C) is the procedure for Quantitative Analysis to measure Standard Uptake Value(SUV) in SPECT/CT scanner. B.Q.C was performed with Tc-99m, I-123, I-131, Lu-177 respectively and then we acquired the phantom images whether the SUVs were measured accurately. Because there is no standard for SUV test in SPECT, we used ACR Esser PET phantom alternatively. The purpose of this study was to lay the groundwork for Quantitative Analysis with various isotopes in SPECT/CT scanner. Materials and Methods Siemens SPECT/CT Symbia Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold were used for this study. The procedure of B.Q.C has two steps; first is point source Sensitivity Cal. and second is Volume Sensitivity Cal. to calculate Volume Sensitivity Factor(VSF) using cylinder phantom. To verify SUV, we acquired the images with ACR Esser PET phantom and then we measured SUVmean on background and SUVmax on hot vials(25, 16, 12, 8 mm). SPSS was used to analyze the difference in the SUV between Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold by Mann-Whitney test. Results The results of Sensitivity(CPS/MBq) and VSF were in Detector 1, 2 of four isotopes (Intevo 16 D1 sensitivity/D2 sensitivity/VSF and Intevo Bold) 87.7/88.6/1.08, 91.9/91.2/1.07 on Tc-99m, 79.9/81.9/0.98, 89.4/89.4/0.98 on I-123, 124.8/128.9/0.69, 130.9, 126.8/0.71, on I-131, 8.7/8.9/1.02, 9.1/8.9/1.00 on Lu-177 respectively. The results of SUV test with ACR Esser PET phantom were (Intevo 16 BKG SUVmean/25mm SUVmax/16mm/12mm/8mm and Intevo Bold) 1.03/2.95/2.41/1.96/1.84, 1.03/2.91/2.38/1.87/1.82 on Tc-99m, 0.97/2.91/2.33/1.68/1.45, 1.00/2.80/2.23/1.57/1.32 on I-123, 0.96/1.61/1.13/1.02/0.69, 0.94/1.54/1.08/0.98/ 0.66 on I-131, 1.00/6.34/4.67/2.96/2.28, 1.01/6.21/4.49/2.86/2.21 on Lu-177. And there was no statistically significant difference of SUV between Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold(p>0.05). Conclusion Only Qualitative Analysis was possible with gamma camera in the past. On the other hand, it's possible to acquire not only anatomic localization, 3D tomography but also Quantitative Analysis with SUV measurements in SPECT/CT scanner. We could lay the groundwork for Quantitative Analysis with various isotopes; Tc-99m, I-123, I-131, Lu-177 by carrying out B.Q.C and could verify the SUV measurement with ACR phantom. It needs periodic calibration to maintain for precision of Quantitative evaluation. As a result, we can provide Quantitative Analysis on follow up scan with the SPECT/CT exams and evaluate the therapeutic response in theranosis.