• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2015

This survey is the second part of the history of science of Song and Yuan dynasties and will covers the period from Jin to Yuan. Following the first part, we look at the calendrical astronomy, mathematics and medicine. In this survey we again follow Yabuuchi's work on the history of science of Song and Yuan period and Du Shiran's work on the history of science of China. We start from the sciences and mathematics of Jin which inherited those of Northern Song and see how they influenced the whole China including Yuan and Southern Song. As a conclusion the tendency to practical usages in the Southern Song as well as the suppression of Han people in Yuan prevented developments of theoretical sciences in Yuan and Ming later.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-125
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• 2021

This paper deals with figurative meanings of Haewon-sangsaeng. It is an investigation which is both semantic and diachronic. In the first part, important implications of sangsaeng (or xiangsheng in Chinese) in the context of correlative cosmology are extensively explored. Among others, saeng (in Chinese sheng) as a powerful metaphor and its related Chinese compounds are broadly discussed. In the second part, the evolution of ideas of yuan (or won in Korean) in Chinese history is explicated. Above all, in the traditional Chinese cultural milieu, wrongful treatments which make victims feel themselves aggrieved are socio-politically orientated. The Scripture on Great Peace (Taiping Jing) is used as reference point to elucidate the essential points of yuan and its knots. However, the advent of Buddhism in East Asia adds a new dimension to the understanding of yuan (won). Accumulated yuan as karmic bond thus gives a new identity of yuan as predetermined animosity. Widely recognized idioms like "adverse relatives and karmic debtors" and indigenous Chinese Buddhist rituals like Repentance Ritual of the Emperor Liang bear witness to this transformation of the meaning of yuan in East Asia. The fruitful yet correlated meanings of yuan also make the endeavor of untying yuan deeply significant and important to human society. Haewon-sangsaeng, as a religio-ethical ideal, brings out an amicable and harmonious relationship among myriad beings in the cosmos.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.308-318
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• 2009

This study makes clear Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御)'s medical thoughts Yi-philosophically. Yi-philosophy(易學) since ancient times is occupied by fundamental problems of various fields of Oriental Science. Confusian Medicine Reseachers of Zhang Jie-Bin(張介賓), Zhang Nan(章楠), Zhu Zhen-Heng(朱震亨) was seriously affected by Yi-philosophy(易學) and Confucianism(儒學). But I don't think that the majority of their medicine theories are occupied by Yi-philosophy(易學) and Confucianism(儒學). But Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) studied medicine thoughts on the basis of Tu Shu Yi(圖書易) in almost whole medicine theories and clinical contents. Therefore this study researched medical thinkings of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) on Yi-philosophical medical viewpoint Tu Shu Yi(圖書易)-scientifically. Especially in this paper the author examined a characteristic point in medical thoughts of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御), the difference of existing medicine on Nei-Jing(內經) and Yi-medicine of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御), a commonness of medicine principles of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) and Li Ji-Ma(李濟馬)), medicine theories of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) on Tu Shu Yi(圖書易) and a background of Yi-philosophical medical standpoint. The results was summarized as follows; First, Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御)'s standpoint on five phase is that the relation of earth and wood fire metal water is form and use(體用). Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) insists that the earth represents existence itself and wood fire metal water is concepts that represents actual states. Second, the concept of Four-Constitution of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) and Li Ji-Ma(李濟馬) is same. Third, Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) doesn't have a standpoint of five-phase on Nei-Ching Medicine, but a standpoint of five-phase on Yi-philosophy. Fourth, water, fire, metal, wood is Four-Constitution that middle qi transformed. Fifth, the middle qi is yang-earth and yin-earth of the spleen and stomach, the physiological function of four viscera is maintained by the movement of ascending and descending of yin and yang earth. Sixth, The middle qi is main role of Four-Constitution. Exchanging of water and fire and the movement of ascending and descending of metal and wood depends on the earth. Seventh, generally medicine researchers speak that human mind is a main role of psycho-function of heart, but Huang Yuan-Yu has the standpoint of spleen-stomach oriented seven emotions not human-mind oriented viewpoint. It represents that a existing thinking of heart-earth center is changed to medical viewpoint of spleen-earth center. Eighth, There is enough ground for controversy on where is the middle point of human in five viscera. Is that spleen or heart? Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) insists that the spleen and stomach is middle point, but the standpoint in Four-Constitution medicine of Li Ji-Ma(李濟馬) is that middle point is heart.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

The architectural influence from the Yuan had impact on the Goryeo Dynasty in earnest during Yuan intervention period in the 14th century. The representative examples which were influenced by the Yuan architecture are the Eungjinjeon in Seongbulsa(成佛寺) temple, the ten-story stone pagoda of Gyeoncheonsa(敬天寺) temple site, the Bogwangjeon in Simwonsa(心源寺) temple, the Hoeamsa(檜巖寺) temple and so on. Notwithstanding the changes of relationship between two countries, it can be comprehended that there was a selective acceptance of the Yuan architectural peculiarities in Goryeo Dynasty. It means that the adoption of foreign culture in Korea has not been inevitable from the unilateral demand, but been autonomous by perceiving as the advanced culture. This tendency was maintained even though the government had been changed.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.486-494
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• 2006

Two current-mode and/or voltage-mode quadrature oscillator circuits each using one fully-differential second-generation current conveyor (FDCCII), two grounded capacitors, and two (or three) grounded resistors are presented. In the proposed circuits, the current-mode quadrature signals have the advantage of high-output impedance. The oscillation conditions and oscillation frequencies are orthogonally (or independently) controllable. The current-mode and voltage-mode quadrature signals can be simultaneously obtained from the second proposed circuit. The use of only grounded capacitors and resistors makes the proposed circuits ideal for integrated circuit implementation. Simulation results are also included.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the ancient architectures of the Yuan Dynasty(元代). The result is expected to efficient for a basic data to research history of the Koryo(高麗) architectures. This study was focused on the architecture of the Yuan dynasty in Hancheng city, because the buildings of the Yuan Dynasty were remained in Hancheng city(韓城) of Shanxi province(陝西) in the largest numbers through all China territory. And the study was especially analyzed in the angle of the system of wooden structures among various architectural points. It was looked into, in large, views of form of whole structure and, in detail, joining method of detail parts. As a result of the study, the characteristics of architectures of the Yuan Dynasty in Hancheng city were summarized as follow a reduction of the unit size, a shifting of columns, a removal of columns and a simplicity of ornaments. These are different with architecture of other empire periods. Also, these are the characteristics of the Korean tradition at architectures. This study of the Yuan's architectures of Hancheng is expected to be the basis of the advanced study about the relationship between Koryo(高麗) architectures and Yuan(元) architectures.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2014

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" in a modern kineologic approach Methods Based on the interpretation of "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kineologies and their purposes, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" is similar to stretching, active exercise and resistance exercise. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometic exercise of cervical extensor. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to Stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch quadratus Lumborum, lateral side of body, gluteus Maximus, quadriceps femoris, shoulder extensor, hamstrings, hip joint, ankle dorsi flexor, thoracic rotator,inferior shoulder joint. 4) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen exteral oblique. 5) Doctors can make various applications of Yansaeng-Doinbub. For example, it can be used to correct improper low back and neck exercise patterns. 6) Yangsaeng-Doinbub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercises and increase the efficiency of spine exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of numourous exercises for various body parts. In particular, breathing methods increase efficiency of such exercises. Plus, the exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub can be applied to various uses by doctors.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2007

Basic summary of the medical administration: First of all, Liao Jin Yuan dynasties had broad cultural exchange between north and south that the two traditional medical administrations were closely linked which later formed a system that united as one. Establishment of governmental medical office and governmental medical education organization was the very first attempt in the history of the medical administration. The measure on promoting the social level of medical doctors has an important meaning on the growth of the medical field. Medical policy on prisoners was done under the new condition brought on from experience. Medicine not of China was broadly interchanged, medicine from Arab was spread throughout China, and the department on skeletal injuries and the dietary treatments had major development. At this era, under a overall expansion of politics, economy, culture and medicine, scholastic dispute on medicine triggered medical expansion.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1116-1133
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• 2016

This study examines the historical background of Goryeo and its relationship with Song and Yuan. In addition, it observes the shape of dress styles for the king, queen, officers, maids in waiting, and commoners after classifying them with a focus on the dress style of normal people appearing in Buddhist paintings. This study then investigates structures by tracing Goryeo's unique identity and its characteristic by a comparison and analysis of dressing style elements of Goryeo with Song and Yuan. The results shows that the Song's system was used exclusively for the dress style of the king and government officers of Goryeo after Goryeo's submission period by Yuan. There were no clear appearances of a Mongol style dress but only changes in head styles of cutting hair around the head and twisting the rest in a top down and long method. In addition, Song's style Bokgeon was shown by the king to his lower level officers. This was because the king and his officers of Yuan were in accordance with Song's system in officer's dress, hat and head style, armor, and horseback riding equipment. Second, there is doubt if they inherited a traditional form and style of the dress rather than followed the dress style of Yuan because the shape of Yuan's basic dress style Deel is very similar to the dress shape of early Buyeo people's Po in the $3^{rd}$ to $4^{th}$ centuries. Third, the shape of the Chaksu and Gung-go had been kept as it was in the dress style of ordinary men, and because the shape of the double collar had already appeared in the period of Samguk, which appeared in all classes of Yuan. There is no reason to adopt double collar shape that appeared. The general Pyeonbokpo of the country had to be influenced by Yuan. Forth, the dress style of queen and her maids in waiting were mentioned in documents; however, there was no shape of a dress like Boktag and Deel in the relics, which are the characteristic of Yuan's woman dress style. Fifth, the shape worn national style Yu and Sang had been kept in an ordinary woman's dress style; however, the two style system of high and lower class in Yuan's ordinary woman dress style appeared newly and is considered an influence of Goryeo.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5133-5136
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• 2014

Objective: To use health economics methodology to assess the screening program on gastric cancer in Zhuanghe, China, so as to provide the basis for health decision on expanding the program of early detection and treatment. Materials and Methods: The expense of an early detection and treatment program for gastric cancer in patients found by screening, and also costs of traditional treatment in a hospital of Zhuanghe were assessed. Three major techniques of medical economics, namely cost-effective analysis (CEA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA), were used to assess the screening program. Results: Results from CEA showed that investing every 25, 235 Yuan on screening program in Zhuanghe area, one gastric cancer patient could be saved. Data from CUA showed that it was cost 1, 370 Yuan per QALY saved. Results from CBA showed that: the total cost was 1,945,206 Yuan with a benefit as 8,669,709 Yuan and an CBR of 4.46. Conclusions: The early detection and treatment program of gastric cancer appears economic and society-beneficial. We suggest that it should be carry out in more high risk areas for gastric cancer.