• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.895-904
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• 2008

CWR (Continuous Welded Rail) may be broken when a temperature drop below the neutral temperature changes in axial force, causing tensile fracture and rail gap, in winter. Rail-breaks may lead to the damage of the rail and wheel by dynamic load, and the reduction of running safety if not detected before the passage of a train. In this study, the track and train coupled model with open gap for dynamic interaction analysis, is proposed. Linear track and train systems is coupled by the nonlinear Herzian contact spring and the complete system matrices of total track-train system is constructed. And the interaction phenomenon considering open gap, was defined by assigning the irregularity functions between the two sides of a gap. Time history analysis, which have an iteration scheme such as $Newmark-{\beta}$ method based on Modified Newton-Raphson methods, was performed to solve the nonlinear equation. Finally, numerical studies are performed to assess the effect of various parameters of system, apply to various speeds, open gap size and the support stiffness of rail.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Objectives The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of Youngseonjeatonguem (靈仙除痛飮, YSJTU) was evaluated in a cellular model using RAW264.7 macrophages, which are involved in osteoarthritis (OA), and an animal model using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and a possible mechanism of anti-arthritic actions of YSJTU was presented. Methods RAW264.7 macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-𝛼, interleukin [IL]-1𝛽, and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide [NO] and prostaglandin E2 [PGE2]) was determined by ELISA and Griess assay, respectively. Western blot was performed to determine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. OA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee joint of SD rats. Results In RAW264.7 macrophages, YSJTU reduced LPS-induced production of TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and IL-6. In addition, YSJTU inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 by suppressing iNOS and COX-2 expression. In SD rats, YSJTU improved MIA-induced OA by reducing swelling, skin heat, and cartilage degradation. In addition, YSJTU reduced serum levels of TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and IL-6, along with its significant decrease in serum levels of NO and PGE2. Conclusions These results suggest that YSJTU may exert anti-arthritic effect, at least in part, by inhibiting macrophage-mediated joint inflammation.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 2024

In response to the challenges posed by a super-aged society, local authorities are conducting educational programs on smartphone usage tailored for the elderly. However, obstacles such as the limitations of one-to-many education and suboptimal learning outcomes for the elderly have hindered the efficacy of smartphone education. This study suggests an educational service intended for direct application in offline settings, considering the identified problems. Through the utilization of generative AI, the proposed app identifies specific challenges encountered by users during actual smartphone use, offering personalized exercises to facilitate customized and repetitive learning experiences for individual users. When integrated with existing local government education initiatives, this app is anticipated to enhance the efficiency of smartphone education by providing personalized, one-on-one training that is efficient in terms of time and content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.701-706
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• 2020

Botryoid Wilms tumor, a very rare variant of Wilms tumor, arises from the pelvocalyceal system, and its occurrence in the fetal or neonatal period has never been reported in the literature. Herein, we report an exceedingly rare and challenging case of botryoid Wilms tumor in a neonate who initially presented with fetal hydronephrosis. Postnatal ultrasonography revealed multiple lobulating hypoechoic masses with varying degrees of intralesional vascularity within the dilated pelvocalyceal system. To our knowedge, this is a case report of botryoid Wilms tumor of the youngest child in English literature.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.174-186
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• 2009

When we apply a propagation model to the ocean with boundaries, we can calculate reflected wave using reflection coefficient suggested by Rayleigh assuming the boundaries are flat. But boundaries in ocean such as sea surface and sea bottom have an irregular rough surface. To calculate the reflection loss for an irregular boundary, it is needed to compute the coherent reflection coefficient based on an experimental formula or scattering theory. In this article, we derive the coherent reflection coefficients for a fluid-fluid interface using perturbation theory, Kirchhoff approximation and small-slope approximation respectively. Based on each formula, we can calculate coherent reflection coefficients for a rough sea surface or sea bottom, and then compare them to the Rayleigh reflection coefficient to analyze the reflection loss for a random rough surface. In general, the coherent reflection coefficient based on small-slope approximation has a wide valid region. Comparing it with the coherent reflection coefficients derived from the Kirchhoff approximation and perturbation theory, we discuss a valid region of them.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.47.1-47.16
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• 2023

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease, is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Despite many attempts to develop a protective strategy, an effective preventive vaccine has not been developed. The identification of appropriate Ags that cover diverse antigenic strains and provide long-lasting immunity is a fundamental challenge in the development of a scrub typhus vaccine. We investigated whether this limitation could be overcome by harnessing the nanoparticle-forming polysorbitol transporter (PST) for an O. tsutsugamushi vaccine strategy. Two target proteins, 56-kDa type-specific Ag (TSA56) and surface cell Ag A (ScaA) were used as vaccine candidates. PST formed stable nano-size complexes with TSA56 (TSA56-PST) and ScaA (ScaA-PST); neither exhibited cytotoxicity. The formation of Ag-specific IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgA in mice was enhanced by intranasal vaccination with TSA56-PST or ScaA-PST. The vaccines containing PST induced Ag-specific proliferation of CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells. Furthermore, the vaccines containing PST improved the mouse survival against O. tsutsugamushi infection. Collectively, the present study indicated that PST could enhance both Ag-specific humoral immunity and T cell response, which are essential to effectively confer protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi infection. These findings suggest that PST has potential for use in an intranasal vaccination strategy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.881-889
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare four groups of Oriental young adults (169 males and 174 females) with normal occlusion and well balanced faced. Lateral cephalograms of 100 Koreans, 100 Chinese, 72 Vietnamese and 71 Japanese were digitized and six profile measures were computed. Analyses of variance showed that total facial profile(Gl'-Pr'-Pg') of Chinese was significantly less convex than the profile of Koreans or Vietnamese. Facial profile(Gl'-Pr'-Pg') of Chinese was also significantly less convex than that of Vietnamese. Holdaway's soft tissue angle(Pg'-LS:N-B) was significantly greater in Vietnamese than Chinese and Koreans, who were in turn greater than Japanese. The upper lip of Vietnamese is significantly closer to Ricketts' esthetic plane, than Chinese; Koreans and Japanese are significantly further behind the plane than Chinese. The lower lip of Koreans and Japanese was close to the esthetic plane, while Chinese and Vietnamese were approximately 2mm ahead. The nasolabial angle was significantly smaller for Chinese and Japanese than Koreans and Vietnamese. Sex differences were primarily dependent on the nose; total facial convexity and the nasolabial angle wert significantly larger in females than males. The results of this study demonstrate that a single standard of facial Profile is not sufficient or appropriate for Oriental patients.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate changes in quality of life (QoL) in patients with neurogenic bladder treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), who changed from a multiple use catheter (MUC) to single use catheter (SUC). Methods: The Modified Intermittent Self-Catheterization Questionnaire (mISC-Q) was used to determine potential changes in patients' QoL as a result of switching from MUC to SUC. The mISC-Q consists of questions within four categories: ease of use, convenience, discreetness, and symptomatic benefit. Answers were graded as Strongly agree (+2), Agree (+1), Not sure (0), Disagree (-1), and Strongly disagree (-2). Overall patient QoL, as well as by sex, disease (presence of augmentation cystoplasty), and catheterization route (via urethra or urinary diversion), were analyzed. Results: Thirty-eight patients (21M:17F; mean age: $21.7{\pm}5.3y$) submitted questionnaires. For ease of use, SUC was significantly better than MUC (score: 0.364, P=0.002) in all patients. Patients with catheterization via the urethra showed significant favor for SUC in ease of use (score: 0.512, P<0.001) and convenience (score: 0.714, P=0.011), but patients with catheterization via the abdominal stoma of urinary diversion gave negative scores in all categories, though no categories were significant. Conclusion: This study suggested that changing from MUC to SUC may lead to improvements in QoL, especially regarding ease of use. This benefit was clearly found in patients with catheterization via urethra rather than abdominal stoma of urinary diversion.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.563-568
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• 2023

DNA methylation regulates gene expression and contributes to tumorigenesis in the early stages of cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is recognized as a distinct subset that is associated with specific molecular and clinical features. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns among patients with CRC. The methylation data of 1 unmatched normal, 142 adjacent normal, and 294 tumor samples were analyzed. We identified 40,003 differentially methylated positions with 6,933 (79.8%) hypermethylated and 16,145 (51.6%) hypomethylated probes in the genic region. Hypermethylated probes were predominantly found in promoter-like regions, CpG islands, and N shore sites; hypomethylated probes were enriched in open-sea regions. CRC tumors were categorized into three CIMP subgroups, with 90 (30.6%) in the CIMP-high (CIMP-H), 115 (39.1%) in the CIMP-low (CIMP-L), and 89 (30.3%) in the non-CIMP group. The CIMP-H group was associated with microsatellite instability-high tumors, hypermethylation of MLH1, older age, and right-sided tumors. Our results showed that genome-wide methylation analyses classified patients with CRC into three subgroups according to CIMP levels, with clinical and molecular features consistent with previous data.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.569-574
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• 2023

Aberrant DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease with high incidence and mortality rates in Korea. Several CRC-associated diagnostic and prognostic methylation markers have been identified; however, due to a lack of comprehensive clinical and methylome data, these markers have not been validated in the Korean population. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to obtain the CRC methylation profile using 172 tumors and 128 adjacent normal colon tissues of Korean patients with CRC. Based on the comparative methylome analysis, we found that hypermethylated positions in the tumor were predominantly concentrated in CpG islands and promoter regions, whereas hypomethylated positions were largely found in the open-sea region, notably distant from the CpG islands. In addition, we stratified patients by applying the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) to the tumor methylome data. This stratification validated previous clinicopathological implications, as tumors with high CIMP signatures were significantly correlated with the proximal colon, higher prevalence of microsatellite instability status, and MLH1 promoter methylation. In conclusion, our extensive methylome analysis and the accompanying dataset offers valuable insights into the utilization of CRC-associated methylation markers in Korean patients, potentially improving CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, this study serves as a solid foundation for further investigations into personalized and ethnicity-specific CRC treatments.