• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1207-1212
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of replacing 40% corn meal with three different types of barley (Youngyang, Wooho, and Yuyeon) on the chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in feces of growing pigs. Sixteen pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) with an initial average body weight of $71{\pm}2kg$ were maintained in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four treatments containing different sources of barley, for 23 days. The treatment with three different barley types replacing 40% ground corn showed no effect (P>0.05) on fecal chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and VFA. However, some differences (P<0.05) were noted in the chemical compositions of crude fiber and ash, and in the levels of Lactobacillus and Salmonella in the feces of the growing pigs. In conclusion, methane and hydrogen sulfide decreased by replacing 40% corn meal with Youngyang and Wooho barley, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2016

A total of 16 growing pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc, average weight $71{\pm}2kg$) were used in this experiment for 24 days to determine the effect of replacing ground corn with barley varieties on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Each pig was housed individually in a metabolic cage with a nipple waterer and feeder. Four dietary treatments included control (a corn and soybean meal-based diet) and 3 barley varieties (Youngyang, Wooho, or Yuyeon barley replacing 40% of ground corn). Growth performance and nutrient digestibility were not affected by replacement of 40% of ground corn with one of the three barley varieties (p > 0.05), but final body weight was. As for blood characteristics, pig treated with all of the barley treatments had no effect (p > 0.05) on total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and glucose in comparison with control; however, there was a difference in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels between the control and all of the barley replaced treatment groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in spite of statistically significant differences, each of the three barley varieties is a suitable substitute for ground corn in the diet of growing and fattening pigs without adverse effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1343-1349
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• 2004

A native strain of Pasteurella multocida was isolated from pigs suffering from severe atrophic rhinitis at domestic farms in Gyeonggi Province, Korea, and was identified as capsular serogroup 'D' and somatic serotype '4' by disc diffusion decapsulation and gel diffusion precipitation tests, respectively. The P. multocida (D:4) induced atrophic rhinitis in healthy pigs by the secondary infection. The gene for outer membrane protein H (ompH) of P. multocida (D:4) was cloned in Escherichia coli DH5$\alpha$ by PCR. The open reading frame of the ompH was composed of 1,023 bp, possibly encoding a protein with 341 amino acid residues containing a signal peptide of 20 amino acids at N-terminus, and the gene product with molecular mass of ca. 38 kDa was identified by SDS-PAGE. Hydropathy profiles indicated that there are two variable domains in the OmpH. To express the ompH in E. coli, the gene was manipulated in various ways. Expression of the truncated as well as full-length forms of the recombinant OmpH was fatal to the host E. coli BL21 (DE3). However, the truncated OmpH fused with GST was consecutively expressed in E. coli DH5$\alpha$. A large quantity of the fused polypeptide was purified through GST-affinity chromatography.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.32-40
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• 2008

After Freer trade, it is increasing to import crops, aquatic products, and livestock which are produce in a foreign land. But it is affect negatively to trust relationships and markets of Jeju's goods because of breaking it out that foreign productions exchange domestic. We need to traceability system. Therefore, this paper designed and implemented the traceability system of black pigs using RFID. To enhance more the Jeju's fresh image, this proposed system is designed to manage all process which are breeding, butchery, industrial processes, and traceability of black pigs, a local speciality, using RFID tags. also the user can provide the traceability system which is using webs anywhen and anywhere. The results is to provide farm's income rise and to make for steady supply and guarantee the quality of Jeju's goods with FCS, FCG, HACCP quotation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

Salivary lipocalin (SAL1) is a member of the lipocalin protein family that has a property to associate with many lipophilic molecules. The importance of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs has been suggested by our previous study which has shown that SAL1 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and implantation stage-specific manner and secreted into the uterine lumen. However, function of SAL1 in the uterus during pregnancy in pigs is not known. To understand SAL1 function in the uterus during pregnancy, we generated recombinant porcine SAL1 protein in an insect cell line. Porcine SAL1 cDNA was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector using RT-PCR and total RNA from uterine endometrium on day 12 of pregnancy, and the expression vector was used to generate recombinant Bacmid containing the SAL1 gene. The recombinant Bacmid was then transfected Sf9 cell to produce recombinant baculovirus. By infecting Sf9 cell with recombinant baculovirus, we established a SAL1-expressing insect cell expression system. Immunoblot analysis confirmed SAL1 expression in the infected cells. Recombinant SAL1 produced by the Sf9 cell line will be useful for understanding physiological function of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 1986

The oil emulsion and alhydrogel pilli vaccines were prepared from a strain(O9: K35, K99, F41) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea and their immunogenicity was tested in guinea-pigs, pregnant goats and cows. Serum antibody responses to K99 and F41 antigens in guinea-pigs given experimental oil and gel vaccines peaked at 4 and 6 weeks after vaccinations. At that time, the mean hemagglutination inhibition titers to K99 and F41 antigens in guinea-pigs given oil vaccine were 1:25 and 1:1, 218 and those given gel vaccine were 1:54 and 1:724 respectively. Agglutinin titers in pregnant goats given the oil vaccine were significantly higher(mean 1:2,347) compared to those of control group(mean 1:160). Less than 12.5% of goatlings from vaccinated goats developed scours compared to nearly 100% in control group after oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil within 24 hours after birth. The highest agglutinin titers of cow serum and colostrum and of the serum of calves 48 hours after birth from cows given oil vaccine were 1:256, 1:512 and 1:64 respectively. On the other hand, those titers of serum and colostrum and of the serum of nursing calves from nonvaccinated cows were 1:8, 1:16 and 1:20 respectively. The protective efficacy of the oil emulsion vaccine was 72.1% under field conditions. These results strongly indicated that the vaccine could be applied for protection of diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.225-229
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• 2002

We report that mycoplasma organisms from lung tissues of slaughter pigs were identified to genes fragments with references use of nested-PCR technique(nPCR). Seven strains of mycoplasma species were isolated from 70 lung tissues. The organisms were detected by in vitro amplification of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes. Nucleotide sequences of the spacer between 16S and 23S in the ribosomal RNA operons of mycoplasma were identified by the analysis of products from the nested PCR. Four common PCR primers, MhF1, MhF2 MhR1 and MhR2, were designed by analysis between these sequences by first amplified with F1, R1 and second with F2, R2, respectively. Specific amplification of the spacer region for reference strains of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. flocculare were confirmed by first round of PCR in which the traduced fragments of 690bp, 460bp, 630bp. But amplications of second round was changed to 240bp, 210bp, 230bp, respectively. Three different strains (M. hyopneumoniae:4, M. hyorhinis:2, M. flocculare:1) were detected by the nested-PCR technique. The results suggest that the detection of swine mycoplasma by n-PCR can be analyzed the nucleotide sequences between rRNA operons and homology study.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.414-420
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• 2012

Forty guinea pigs were divided into four groups and fed 0.04% cholesterol based control diet, plus 0.05% simvastatin, and statin plus 0.1% CoQ10 or 10% Ardisia Japonica Blume (AJB) leave powder for 4 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol levels decreased significantly in all groups fed the statin-containing diet compared with that in guinea pigs fed the control diet (P < 0.01). Plasma and liver triglycerides decreased significantly in the statin plus CoQ10 group compared with those in the control (both P < 0.05). Maximum platelet aggregation was significantly higher in the statin plus CoQ10 group than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Na-K ATPase activity increased in the statin group and decreased in the statin plus CoQ10 group (P < 0.01). Na-K co-transport and Na passive transport decreased significantly in the control group compared with those in the other groups (both P < 0.05). Intracellular Na was highest in the statin group and lowest in the statin plus CoQ10 group and was correlated with Na-K ATPase activity. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance production in platelet-rich plasma and liver tended to decrease in the statin plus CoQ10 group compared with those in the other groups. Plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase increased significantly in the statin group compared with those in the control (P < 0.05). These result suggest that antioxidant rich AJB did not have positive effects on cardiovascular disease parameters. The statin plus CoQ10 seemed to decrease cholesterol more efficiently than that of statin alone.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of crude ginseng saponin (CGS) on blood chemical parameters in adult female guinea pigs exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). A total of 80 guinea pigs (800$\pm$20g) were divided into 8 groups: group 1 (normal control group) was given vehicle (corn oil containing small amount of acetone and DMSO) and saline; group 2 (single TCDD-treated) received TCDD (1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.p.) and saline (i.p.); groups 3 and 4 were administered CGS at a daily i.p. doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks, respectively; groups 5 and 6 were administered CGS (10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) for 5 weeks starting 1 week before TCDD-exposure; groups 7 and 8 were administered CGS (10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) for 3 weeks from 1 week after TCDD-exposure. CGS was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography. Body weights of G2 were significantly decreased from the and week after TCDD-exposure (P<0.01). Body weights of the CGS-treated groups were also decreased by TCDD-exposure but the weight loss was greatly retarded compared with that of G2. Increase in blood glucose, amylase, lipase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST and LDL-cholesterol levels by TCDD exposure was significantly attenuated by the CCS-treatment (P<0.05). From these results, we found that saponin, the main active ingredient of gineseng, played a protective role in TCDD-induced toxicity and ginseng protected female animals from dioxin-induced toxic manifestation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 1999

Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy(PPE) is an infectious enteric disease and a major cause of economic loss in swine industry due to weight loss, poor growth and sudden death in growing and finishing pigs at 6 to 20 weeks of age. PPE has been diagnosed by clinical signs, syndrom and lesions in the intestine in Korea. However, the diagnostic method had several problems in the detection of infected or carrier pigs. Therefore, in this study, we established the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) which was a fast, specific and sensitive method for identification of Lawsonia intracellularis (L intracellularis). We designed and synthesized primer on the 16S rDNA and p78 gene encoding L intracellularis. Specificity of the method was confirmed by comparison of the PCR results using other enteric bacteria and the study has shown that PCR method was sensitive to detect 1ng of genomic DNA as a template. Identity of the PCR products was confirmed by comparison of pattern of restriction endonuclease analysis with restriction enzyme Hae III and Pst I. Also, the PCR method was applicable to the naturally affected pigs with PPE. Based on the results from this study, the PCR method could be used as a fast and specific diagnostic tool for PPE.