• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.340-345
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• 2016

The present study determined the normal reference ranges for the femoral and tibial joint orientation angles of small-breed dogs. For this purpose, 60 each of cadaveric canine femurs and tibias from normal small-breed dogs (Maltese, Poodle, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire Terrier) were examined with radiographs and photographs. Axial and frontal radiographs and photographs of each bone were obtained, from which anteversion and inclination angles, anatomic lateral proximal and distal femoral angles (aLPFA and aLDFA), mechanical lateral proximal and distal femoral angles (mLPFA and mLDFA), and mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles (mMPTA and mMDTA) were measured. The 95% CI for radiographic values of all femurs and tibiae were anteversion angle, $23.4-27.4^{\circ}$; inclination angle, $128.4-130.4^{\circ}$; aLPFA, $117.8-122.1^{\circ}$; aLDFA, $93.7-95.2^{\circ}$; mLPFA $113.8-117.3^{\circ}$; mLDFA $99.2-100.5^{\circ}$; mMPTA $96.8-98.5^{\circ}$; mMDTA $89.4-90.7^{\circ}$. The Maltese had a larger anteversion angle than the Poodle and the Yorkshire Terrier and a larger mLPFA than the Poodle. In the comparison between the radiographs and the photographs, significant differences were found in the anteversion angle, mLPFA, mMPTA, and mMDTA. The established normal reference values might be useful for determining whether a valgus or varus deformity of the femur or the tibia is present and if so, the degree of angular correction needed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2020

A 13-year-old, intact male, Yorkshire terrier dog with oliguria and hematuria was presented to the Small Animal Clinic at the Gyeongsang National University animal medical center. There were no remarkable findings on serum chemistry values and complete blood counts. Abdominal radiographs revealed mild elevation of the descending colon at the pelvic level. On the excretory urographic images, a large filling defect was identified in urinary bladder with narrow urinary bladder wall contact and there were no remarkable findings in kidneys and ureters. The abdominal ultrasonography revealed that an irregularly marginated, heterogeneous mass in urinary bladder, central cavitary lesion and mild vascular flow were also observed. Computed tomography showed a heterogeneously attenuated mass within urinary bladder. The mass was surgically excised, and leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient was followed up for two months and there were no complications. This case is of interest because of the unusual findings of leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder in a small breed dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2007

A 12-year-old, intact female Yorkshire terrier was presented with progressive abdominal distention. On radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation, a large mass was detected in right upper abdomen and it had several discrete anechoic follicles and large cysts. The mass was removed by complete ovariohysterectomy and the resected specimen was histopathologically examined. Based on the gross and histopathologic findings, the mass was definitely diagnosed as malignant granulosa cell tumor (GCT). Until now, the dog has been successfully managed more than a year without complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.251-254
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• 2007

A 10-year-old intact female Yorkshire terrier dog was referred for evaluation of marked abdominal distension and hemorrhagic effusion. Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography demonstrated abdominal effusion and intraabdominal mass with anechoic cystic components. On ascites cytology, neoplastic epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli were identified. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the well-defined, heterogeneous, and large mass filled the intraabdominal cavity. At necropsy, a large mass arising from the right ovary was observed. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of papillary structures lined by neoplastic epithelial cells. The dog was definitively diagnosed as malignant ovarian adenocarcinoma with papillary pattern based on clinical and histopathological findings.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.538-541
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• 2011

An 8-year-old spayed Yorkshire Terrier Dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Kyungpook National University because of the recurrent superficial pyoderma. At the presentation, pustules and papules were present throughout the body. Numerous rods with a few cocci were observed on impression smears and they were confirmed to be Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius consecutively. The patient was treated with systemic enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid based on the results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests with once a week basis 4% chlorhexidine shampoo. An excellent clinical response was achieved in 2 weeks of therapy and the lesions were fully resolved in 6 weeks. The possibility of P. mirabilis infection should not be overlooked by clinicians in dogs with recurrent superficial pyoderma although it's been considered to be rare.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2007

Isolated splenic torsion is a rare disease, which is usually produced in deep-chest large breed dogs. A five-year old Pitbull terrier and a four-year old Yorkshire terrier were diagnosed as isolated splenic torsion with chronic form. Leukocytosis, anemia and elevated hepatic enzyme level were found in blood test and a large amount of ascites was observed. Abdominal radiography revealed splenomegaly and ascites and ultrasonography showed diffuse hypoechoic change of spleen in case 1 and hyperechoic change of spleen with focal hypoechoic regions in case 2, thromboembolism of splenic vein and abnormal direction of spleen. To identify the underlying disease of isolated splenic torsion, the histopathologic examination of excised spleen is essential and splenic neoplasia was found in case 2. Chronic isolated splenic torsion shows nonspecific clinical signs and laboratory results. Through diagnostic procedure, particularly ultrasonography, prompt diagnosis may be achieved and improve the prognosis of the patient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 2004

A retrospective analysis was performed with 270 cases of canine urolithiasis examined at Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul Nat'l University in the period between January 2001 and December 2003. The Shih-Tzu (64 cases), Yorkshire terrier (60 cases), miniature schnauzer (41 cases) and maltese terrier (36 cases) had higher incidences than other breeds. Canine urolithiasis occurred from 4 months to 15 years of age, but the most prevalent age was 3 years. Mean age was $5.68\pm3.14$ years. The major mineral component. of calculi was struvite (54.1%) and calcium oxalate (30.4%). There was no sex prevalences: male 131 cases, female 132 cases. The most prevalent anatomic locations of calculi were urinary bladder (53 of 131 cases), urethra (24 of 131 cases) and bladder/urethra (45 of 131 cases) in males and urinary bladder (103 of 132 Cases) in females. The major mineral component of calculi in urinary bladder was struvite (102 of 160 cases), and that in urethra (13 of 25 cases) and multiple locations (29 of 62 cases) was calcium oxalate: The major components of calculi were not always consistent with the components which could be expected from urine pH and crystals. So it is suggested that the components of the calculi must be analyzed after surgical removal to prevent the recurrence when the calculi could not be dissolved by diets or urine pH modifiers.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2016

Medical records of 139 tumors from 114 dogs that underwent surgery from May 2010 through March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Among 114 dogs, females (64.9%) were significantly more common than males (35.1%) (p<0.05). Dogs aged 6 to 10 years were more presented than non-tumor patients, however, there was no significant difference. The mean age (±SD) was 10.3±3.0 years. Although we found no significant difference of breed predisposition, the most common breed was Maltese (19.3%), followed by Shih-Tzu (14.0%), and Yorkshire terrier (13.2%). Proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) of mammary gland, oral cavity, and skin tumors were high in Poodles, Yorkshire terriers, and Golden retrievers, respectively. Mammary gland (36.0%) was the most common site, followed by skin and soft tissues (12.2%), oral cavity (10.8%), and digestive organs (8.6%), but there was no significant difference. The objectives of surgery were curative surgery (86.2%), biopsy (4.9%), and palliative surgery (6.5%). In this study, 123 of 139 tumors had histopathological diagnoses. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type (n=24), followed by adenoma (n=17), soft tissue sarcoma (n=13), benign mixed tumor (n=5), and others (n=64). Recurrence or suspected metastasis was identified in 26 dogs. Median survival times of malignant mammary gland tumors, skin and subcutaneous tumors, and splenic tumors were 1,563.0±1,201.7, 469, and 128 days, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.319-323
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• 2011

A 12-year-old spayed female Yorkshire terrier dog was presented with two-weeks history of lethargy, mental dullness and polydipsia. Neurologic examination revealed proprioceptive defect of all limbs and loss of swallowing gag reflex. The dog revealed persistent dehydration, hypernatremia, hyperosmolarity and hyposthenuria. On magnetic resornance imaging (MRI), the mass were heterogeneous signality on T1 weighted images, hyperintense signality on T2 weighted image with contrast enhancement on hypothalamohypophyseal lesion. Based on these findings, the dog was suspected as having pituitary gland tumor. Through water deprivation test and response to desmopressin acetate (1-deamino-8-D-arginine, DDAVP), this case was diagnosed by central diabetes insipidus (CDI). This paper reports the clinical sign, MRI, response to the exogenous antidiuretic hormone of CDI due to suspected pituitary tumor in a dog and DDAVP administration was evaluated effective therapy to correct hypernatremia induced by CDI.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-167
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• 2000

Cholelithiasis and choledolithiasis were diagnosed with serum chemistry, abdominal radiography and ultrasonography in a 2.0 kg, 10 year-old Yorkshire Terrier dog showing signs of anorexia, vomiting, iceterus and depression. In serum chemistry, the level of alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transferase, total bilitrubin and direct bilirubin were elevated. On abdominal radiographs, focal lesions with increased radiopacity were seen in the hepatic region and the size of liver was increased. In ultrasonographic examination, it were seen that distension of gall bladder, hypercehoic change of liver, obstruction of cystic duct by calcult and calculi in the gall bladder. Cholecystectomy was undertaken and there were no complications after the operation.