• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1617-1621
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• 2002

Two hundred and sixteen single comb white egg layers of the White Leghorn hens of 24 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 12 groups with three replications of six hens in each. Hens were fed in a factorial arrangement 2${\times}3{\times}$2, on diets containing either 16 or 18% crude protein with 0, 3 or 6% fish meal, replacing groundnut meal with soybean meal. Soybean meal incorporation improved (p<0.05) egg production, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and egg weights. Egg quality traits of specific gravity, shape index, albumen index, yolk index and shell thickness remained unchanged. Laying performance was significantly (p<0.05) better at 18% than on 16% dietary protein level. Use of fish meal linearly improved egg production and feed conversion efficiency on diets supplemented with groundnut meal and fish meal incorporation showed quadratic improvement on feed conversion efficiency with SBM diets at 16% dietary protein level. Therefore, use of soybean meal as substitute of groundnut meal is recommended in layer diets, at 16% dietary protein level and fish meal incorporation could be beneficial for layers.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2005

본 연구는 식물 조직 배양 기술을 이용하여 산삼 부정근을 배양하고 폐기되는 배양액을 이용하여 산란계의 생산성, 계란의 품질 및 난황의 지방산과 콜레스테롤 함량을 조사하였다. 19주령 로만 브라운 산란계 420수를 공시하여 산란율 $5\%$ 시기부터 8주 동안 사양시험을 시행하였다. 산삼 배양액은 음수로 급여하였으며, 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, $3.2\%$ 수준으로 5개 처리구를 두었고, 처리구당 7반복, 반복당 12수씩 체중을 비슷하게 배치하였다 시험에 이용된 사료는 옥수수-대두박 위주로 모든 처리구의 영양소 함량은 CP $16\%$, ME 2,800kcal/kg 수준으로 동일하게 하였다. 산란율과 산란량은 산삼배양액을 $1.6\%$ 수준까지 급여한 처리구에서는 대조구와 차이가 없었으나 $3.2\%$ 급여구에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 그리고 사료요구율에 있어서도 $3.2\%$ 급여구가 증가하였고(p<0.05), 난중과 사료섭취량은 차이가 없었다. 계란의 난각 강도, 난백고, 하우유닛 및 난황 색도는 처리구 상호간 통계적인 차이는 발견되지 않았으나, 난각 두께는 산삼 배양액 급여구가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 한편, 산삼 배양액의 급여는 난황의 지방산과 콜레스테롤 함량의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 시험의 결과, 산삼배양액의 급여는 산란계의 생산성과 난황내 지방산과 콜레스테롤 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 난각 두께는 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1990

본(本) 연구는 한국재래오골계(韓國在來烏骨鷄)의 효율적(效率的)인 선발(選技) 및 육종계획(育種計劃)을 수립(樹立)하는데 필요(必要)한 경제형질(經濟形質)과 난구성분(卵構成分) 및 난질간(卵質間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關) 및 표현형상관(表現型相關)을 추정(推定)하고자 1987년(年) 6월(月) 18일(日)부터 1989년(年) 4월(月) 6일(日)까지 사육(飼育)되어온 재래오골계(在來烏骨鷄)에 대(對)한 자료(資料)를 분석(分析)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 경제형질(經濟形質)과 난구성분간(卵構成分間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 체중(體重)과 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에 각각(各各) 0.083~0.591, 0.110~0.541 및 0.336~0.782로 정(正)의 계수(係數)이었고 초산일령(初産日令)과 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에는 각각(各各) 0.467~0.692, 0.256~0.631 및 0.420~0.519 이었으며 산란수(産卵數)와 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에는 각각(各各) -0.578~0.240, -0.255~0.060 및 -0.477~-0.313으로 낮은 부(負)의 계수(係數)이었으며, 난중(卵重)과 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에는 각각(各各) 0.825~0.939, 0.382~0.564 및 0.374~0.937로 높은 정(正)의 추정치(推定値)이었다. 2. 경제형질(經濟形質)과 난질간(卵質間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 체중(體重)과 난형지수(卵型指數), 난성(卵聲)두께, 난백고(卵白高) 및 Haugh units 간(間)에 각각(各各) 0.215~0.367, 0.248~0.650, 0.161~0.624 및 0.157~0.499이었고, 산란수(産卵數)와 난형지수(卵型指數), 난성(卵聲)두께, 난백고(卵白高) 및 Haugh units간(間)에 각각(各各) -0.384~-0.207, -0.557~-0.306, -0.555~-0.198 및 -0.582~-0.074로 부(負)의 계수(係數)이었으며, 난성(卵重)과 난형지수(卵型指數), 난성(卵聲)두께, 난백고(卵白高) 및 Haugh units 간(間)에 각각(各各) 0.27~0.697, 0.290~0.627, 0.238~0.538 및 -0.207~0.020이었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2002

공시란을 15, 20, 25 및 $30^{\circ}C$ 에서 산란 당일(0일), 2, 4, 6, 8 및 10일간의 6단계로 각각 저장하면서 5단계의 농후난백 의 높이 측정 부위별 난황과 난백의 부착부분(0 mm), 난황으로부터 3, 6, 9 및 12 mm 떨어진 부분에서 측정에 따른 난질변화를 조사하였다. 난질은 각각의 측정부위에서 구한 농후난백의 높이로서 구한 Albumen index와 Haugh unit는 다음과 같다. 공시란의 저장온도별 난백계수는 농후난백층의 측정부위에 따라 상이하였으며(P<0.01), 이것은 난백계수 측정시 동일한 난질이라도 측정 부위에 따라 계수 자체가 아주 상이하게 나타날 수 있다는 사실을 암시한 사실이다. 우리나라에서도 난질 측정시 필수적인 농후난백의 높이 측정부위를 확정하여 통일되게 고시하는 것이 시급하다고 사료된다. 산란 3시간 후에 측정한 공시란에도 Albumen index의 신선란 기준인 0.16인 난질은 없었다. 이 사실은 우리나라 계란 유통과정 시 현실적인 점을 고려하여 0.16보다 낮은 0.06의 기준을 설정할 필요가 있다는 점을 암시한 결과로 사료되었다. 본 시험에서 측정한 난백계수의 기준을 0.06로 정하고 이것을 100%으로 기준했을 때, $15^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 6일까지 100%이상, $20^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 4일까지 100% 이상, 25~$30^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 2일전까지 100% 이상 난질을 각각 유지하였다. 본 시험에서 측정한 Haugh unit 의 신선란 기준인 79를 100%으로 기준했을 때, 15$^{\circ}C$에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 4일까지 100%이상, $20^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 2일까지 100%이상, 25~$30^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 2일전까지 100% 이상의 난질을 각각 유지하였다. 본 시험에서 측정한 Hauah unit의 신선란 기준을 55를 100%로 정했을 때, $15^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 10일까지 100%, $20^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 8일까지 100%, 25~$30^{\circ}C$ 에서 공시란을 저장하면 저장 2일까지 100% 이상의 난질을 각각 유지하였다. 본 시험의 결과 난황과 농후난백의 부착부분에서 측정한 농후난백의 높이로 난질을 계산하는 것이 우리나라의 계란 유통과정을 고려했을 때 가장 합리적이고도 적합하다고 사료되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1015-1019
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• 2003

A 50 day feeding trial was conducted with White Leghorn (WL) laying hens, 42 weeks old, to determine if feeding of varying levels of aflatoxin (AF), ochratoxin A (OA) or their combinations has any effect on their performance and egg quality parameters. Feeding of $T_4$, $T_7$, $T_8$, $T_9$ and $T_10$ caused significant reduction in feed intake of hens. Hen day egg productions were significantly reduced at all the levels of toxins except 0.5 ppm of AF. Maximum reduction in egg production was noticed at 2 and 4 ppm of AF and OA, respectively. Average body weight and egg weight were not affected by toxin feeding. The feed efficiency in terms of net feed efficiency and feed consumed per dozen egg produced was significantly reduced at higher levels of both the toxins and their combinations. Feed consumption for production of 1 kg egg mass remained uninfluenced due to aflatoxin feeding whereas significant increase in the value of the same was noticed at 4 ppm level of OA and combination of 1 and 2 ppm of AF and 2 and 4 ppm of OA ($T_9$ and $T_10$), respectively. Various levels of OA (1-4 ppm) and all the combination of two toxins ($T_8$, $T_9$ and $T_10$) significantly altered the shape index of eggs in laying hens. The shell thickness was significantly reduced by higher level of AF (2 ppm), OA (2 and 4 ppm) and their combination. Albumen index, Haugh Unit and yolk index remained unchanged due to incorporation of toxins in the diet. It is concluded that AF, OA either singly or in combination at higher levels could depress the performance in terms of egg production and feed efficiency significantly. The egg quality parameters i.e. shape index and shell thickness were also significantly affected.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2014

본 연구는 계란 난황을 경구투여 한 랫드에서 혈액 지질감소에 관한 생화학적 대사기전을 규명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 36마리의 Sprague Dawley 숫컷 랫드를 4처리구 3반복으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 6주 동안 동일한 정제고형식이를 급여하면서 매일 한번 씩 난황을 경구투여 하였다. 대조군(C; 생리식염수 1.0 g), T1(삼겹살 기름 1.0 g), T2(난황 1.0 g), T3(삼겹살 기름 1.0g 과 난황 1.0 g을 각각 1주일씩 교체 투여군)으로 구분하였다. 일일평균 증체량은 T1이 가장 높았고 T3, T2, C 순서로 낮게 나타났다. 혈액 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤은 T1이 가장 높았고 C, T3, T2 순서로 낮게 나타났다. HDL-C는 T2가 가장 높았고 C, T3, T1 순서로 낮게 나타났으나 LDL-C는 T1이 가장 높았고 T3, C, T2 순서로 높게 나타났다. 간 기능을 나타내는 지표 AST, ALT는 T1에서 가장 높았고 T2가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 복강지방을 제외한 간, 비장, 신장의 무게는 각 처리구 사이에 차이는 없었다. 복강지방은 T1이 가장 높았으나 C, T2, T3사이의 차이는 없었다. HMG-CoA reductase activity는 T1이 가장 높았고 T3, C 순서로 낮게 나타났으며 T2는 가장 낮았다. 분을 통하여 배설되는 일일 총스테롤, 중성스테롤, 산성스테롤의 배설량은 T2가 가장 높았으나 T1은 가장 낮았다. 본 연구결과는 계란의 섭취가 동물의 간에서 콜레스테롤 합성효소의 활성을 억제함과 동시에 분을 통한 스테롤의 배설을 촉진시켜줌으로써 혈액 지질을 낮춘다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.684-687
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• 2004

A study was conducted to determine the effect of live weight of pheasants on egg production and egg quality characteristics. A total of 48 ring-necked pheasants were divided into control, heavy, middle and light BW groups. Live weights of the control were 1,187 g, 1,352.92 g for heavy group, 1,247.92 g for middle group and 1,003.33 g for light group. Egg production of groups were found as 47.32, 42.82, 45.79 and 46.51% respectively, in 10 weeks of period. There were no statistical differences on egg production among the groups. The effect of live weight on egg weight, shape index, specific gravity, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh Unit, yolk weight and albumen weight were found statistically significant (p<0.05). The effect of live weight on albumen index, membrane weight and membrane thickness were found not important (p>0.05). On the other hand, other important factors to be effective on the egg quality of pheasants should be investigated. As a result of this study, live weight of pheasant hens is not an important factor to obtain high egg production in pheasants. But, body conformation of breeding materials should be in good conditions.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2000

Over-grown seaweeds in Donghae(east sea of Korea peninsula) may impedes ocean environment, however, they can be a good nutrient resources for poultry feeds if they are utilized properly. In this study, seaweeds powder were tested for laying hens\` ration to investigate the effects on egg production rate, egg quality and calcium phosphorus excretion. One hundred 65wks-old brown layers were fed for 5 weeks alotted with seaweeds powder addition to experimental diet by 0(control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively, and obtained following results; 1. Seaweeds proved a mid-protein low-energy feed resources with planty of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe. 2. Seaweeds addition by 0.5% and 1.0% improved egg production rate and egg-mass output markedly(p<0.05) than control. Seaweeds addition did not alter cholesterol level of yolk and yolk index, however egg shell thickness showed increasing trend by increasing seaweeds addition level. 3. Protein absorption and digestibility in seaweed addition treatments were significantly higher(p<0.05) than control group and protein contents of excreta in 0.5% and 1.0% treatments were reduced(p<0.05), which suggests effective protein metabolism for egg production. Increasing seaweeds addition reduces Ca and P contents in rectum and excreta, suggesting Ca and P utilization improvement in laying hens and lessening soil pollution. 4. In conclusion, seaweeds addition in layers' diet by 1.0% level improves egg-mass production and might be egg quality by increasing metabolism of protein, calcium and phosphorus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1355-1360
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• 2008

Effects of dietary ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) supplementation on serum iron status, blood characteristics, egg production and quality were examined in laying hens in an 8-week feeding trail. Two hundred and forty (Hy-line brown, 40-week-old) layers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with ten replications (six layers in adjacent three cages). Dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ALA1 (CON+ALA 5 ppm), 3) ALA2 (CON+ALA 10 ppm) and 4) ALA3 (CON+ALA 15 ppm). All nutrient levels of diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1994) recommendations for laying hens. During the entire experimental period, differences of serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were significantly increased in ALA1 supplemented treatment (quadratic effect, p<0.05). The difference of total protein between 8 and 0 weeks was significantly higher in ALA2 treatment than CON treatment (quadratic effect, p<0.05). No significant effects were observed on hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, lymphocyte and albumin concentrations. Egg production and egg weight were not influenced by the ALA supplementation. Egg yolk index was also significantly higher in ALA3 treatment than CON treatment at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (linear effect, p<0.05). Haugh unit was increased in ALA3 treatment compared to CON and ALA1 treatments at the end of 8 weeks (linear effect, p<0.05). However, egg shell thickness, breaking strength and yolk color unit were not affected by the ALA supplementation. In conclusion, dietary ALA supplementation at a level of 5 ppm can affect iron concentration in serum while higher levels (10 or 15 ppm) have some beneficial influences on blood profiles and egg quality.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the local use of egg yolk immunoglobulin against Porphyromonas gingivalis (anti-P.g. IgY) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Methods: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial involving 60 systematically healthy patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Subjects (n=20/group) were randomly assigned to receive SRP combined with subgingival irrigation of anti-P.g. IgY and anti-P.g. IgY mouthwash, subgingival irrigation of 0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, or subgingival irrigation of placebo and placebo mouthwash for 4 weeks. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and the plaque index were evaluated at baseline and at 4 weeks. Subgingival plaque, gingival crevicular fluid, and saliva were simultaneously collected for microbiological analysis. Results: Our results showed that anti-P.g. IgY mouthwash was as effective as chlorhexidine at improving clinical parameters over a 4-week period. All the groups showed a significant reduction in levels of P.g. at 4 weeks. No significant difference was observed in the test group when compared to placebo regarding the reduction in the levels of P.g. Anti-P.g. IgY significantly suppressed the numbers of red complex bacteria (RCB) in subgingival plaque and saliva in comparison with placebo. No adverse effects were reported in any of the subjects. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the present investigation showed that passive immunization with anti-P.g. IgY may prove to be effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis due to its ability to improve clinical parameters and to reduce RCB. No significant differences were found between the anti-P.g. IgY and placebo groups in the reduction of P.g.