• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to confirm clinical usefulness of MCG data by analyzing korea medical results of heart disease patients. We used the Heart Disease Questionnaire which asks for Qi deficiency-pattern, Blood deficiency-pattern, Yin deficiency-pattern, Yang deficiency-pattern, Qi stasis-pattern, Blood stasis-pattern, Heart heat-pattern, Phlegm-pattern. Magnetocardiography(MCG) is the measurement of magnetic fields emitted by the human heart from small currents by electrically active cells of the heart muscle. Comparing the MCG results and korea medical diagnosis, we showed clinical usefulness of MCG results and korea medical diagnosis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to assess a Qi Blood Yin Yang evaluation method systematically and objectively and to identify the correlation between the Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern (QBYYDP) and facial color. Methods: Thirty-seven participants (17 males, 20 females) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four (10 males, 14 females) had ages from 40 to over 60, and 13 (7 males and 6 females) were in their twenties. After sufficient rest, facial images were taken with a camera. Based on the results from a questionnaire survey, we divided the participants into five groups: the normal and the Qi-, Blood-, Yin-, and Yang-deficient groups, after which the relationships between the L, 'a', and 'b' values in the Lab color system and the characteristics of the participants in each of the deficient groups were elucidated using a facial color analysis program. Results: The color analysis for Qi-deficient (QD) participants revealed that the L value was fairly decreased in comparison with the normal participants, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same. A comparison between the normal and the Yang-deficient (YaD) groups revealed that the L values were somewhat lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were not statistically different. For the Yin-deficient (YiD) group, the L value was slightly lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same and the R values were slightly increased. For the Blood-deficient (BD) group, the L values were slightly increased compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were decreased slightly. Conclusion: This study obtained objective, reliable data for judging the QBYYDP by using facial images and a color analysis program. However, further study with at least 10 or more subjects in each of the deficient groups is necessary to confirm our findings.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is development of questionnaire for pattern identification of infertility and analysis of infertility treatment trend in korean traditional medicine. Methods : Data was collected by survey papers from 19 professors of the society of korean obstetrics and gynecology. We surveyed on pattern identifications, symptoms and prescriptions of infertility treatment, diagnosis of ovulation and pregnancy, and duration of infertility treatment. Results : By analysis of survey papers, We choose Kidney yang deficiency, Kidney yin deficiency, Blood deficiency, Liver depression, Dampness-phlegm, Dampness-heat, Static blood pattern for infertility treatment. And 41 items of questionnaire were chosen. Conclusions : We developed the questionnaire for pattern identification of infertility. And further research is necessary for improvement reliabilities and validities of the questionnaire of infertility.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pathological patterns and hyperventilation syndrome, using pathological pattern and Nijmegen questionnaires. Methods: 33 healthy adults were asked to complete the Cold-Heat-, Phlegm-, Yin deficiency, and Lao Juan (勞倦)-pattern questionnaires, the Chalder fatigue scale, and the Nijmegen questionnaire at Kyung Hee University Hospital. We performed Pearson correlation analyses between the pathological pattern questionnaires and the Nijmegen questionnaire. The questionnaires were composed of several factors. Therefore, each factor and Nijmegen questionnaire score were also analyzed. Results: All of the pattern questionnaire scores had a positive correlation with the Nijmegen questionnaire score. The phlegm pattern, in particular, and the LaoJuan (勞倦) questionnaire scores had high correlation coefficients. The coefficient for the phlegm pattern was 0.856 and the coefficient for the LaoJuan (勞倦) pattern questionnaire was 0.855. Conclusions: The results mean that the pathological pattern questionnaires could be one of the reference materials to evaluate hyperventilation syndrome. Furthermore, improvement of pathological patterns may be helpful for treating hyperventilation syndrome, together with conventional therapies including breathing training.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.978-989
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• 2016

Objectives: This study evaluated the diagnostic values of measuring the number of fungiform papillae in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods: Seventy participants (35 BMS patients and 35 Healthy control) participated in this study. The number of fungiform papillae (FP) was measured on the anterior part of the tongue within an area of $9mm^2$ using a digital camera. The subjects were evaluated on their yin deficiency and blood stasis conditions using the Yin-Deficiency Questionnaire (YDQ) and Blood Stasis Questionnaire (BSQ). Moreover, the severities of subjective tongue pain in the BMS patients were assessed using Visual Analog Scale. Results: There were significant differences in the number of FP and the YDQ and BSQ scores between the two groups. The number of FP and the YDQ scores in the BMS group showed statistically significant correlations with the VAS score of tongue pain. In the bivariate logistic regression analysis, the factor that most strongly contributed to BMS was the number of FP. The optimal cut-off value of the number of fungiform papillae was calculated as 5.5 with 71.4% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of FP and the YDQ or BSQ score. Conclusions: According to these findings, measuring the number of FP could be a valuable evaluation indicator of BMS.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2022

The discovery of biomarkers related to pattern identification (PI), the core diagnostic theory of Korean medicine (KM), is one of the methods that can provide objective and reliable evidence by applying PI to clinical practice. In this study, 40 diabetic patients and 41 healthy control subjects recruited from the Korean medicine clinic were examined to determine the human electrical response related to the deficiency pattern, a representative pattern of diabetes. Qi-Blood-Yin-Yang deficiency pattern scores, which are representative deficiency patterns for diabetes mellitus, were obtained through a questionnaire with verified reliability and validity, and the human electrical response was measured non-invasively using a bioimpedance meter. In ANCOVA analysis using gender as a covariate, the 5 kHz frequency resistance and 5-250 kHz frequency reactance were significantly lower in the diabetic group than in non-diabetic control group. In addition, the multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation (R2=0.11~0.19) between the Yang deficiency pattern score and resistance value for the diabetic group; the correlation was higher at higher frequencies of 50kHz (R2=0.18) and 250kHz (R2=0.19) compared to 5kHz(R2=0.11). In contrast, there was no such significant association in the control group. It implies that bioimpedance resistance measured at finite frequencies may be useful in predicting Yang deficiency, which is closely related to diabetic complications by reflecting the decrease in body water content and metabolism. In the future, large-scale planned clinical studies will be needed to identify biomarkers associated with different types of PI in diabetes.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the Efficacy of Gamiyukmijihwang-tang on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Methods : We surveyed 10 recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients visited the oral diseases clinic in the Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital from September, 2011 to March, 2012. Before and 2 weeks after taking Gamiyukmijihwang-tang, the subjects were evaluated on clinical characteristics of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, severity of pain using visual analogue scale (VAS), quality of life about oral health (based on the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile-14) and yin-deficiency condition (based on the 10-item Yin-deficiency Questionnaire). Then, 5 patients who had already finished treatment were assessed about recurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis by telephone survey 6 weeks later. Results : After 2 weeks taking Gamiyukmijihwang-tang, clinical characteristics of 10 patients of recurrent aphthous stomatitis improved; their severity of pain, quality of life about oral health and yin-deficiency condition improved significantly. After 6 weeks, 3 of 5 patients who had already finished treatment didn't experience recurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The other 2 patients experienced a recurrence, but their clinical characteristics of recurrent aphthous stomatitis improved significantly. Conclusions : Gamiyukmijihwang-tang is effective on recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Studies with a larger number of cases and longer follow-up will be needed in the future.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2021

In order to ensure the fact that eight principle pattern differentiation is used clinically as a basic guideline for Korean medicine practice, the definition, role and method of yin-yang pattern differentiation with its case report were explored at first. Yinyang Pattern Differentiation is a method of discriminating human tendencies or morbidity based on the yin and yang characteristics expressed in living bodies. And yin and yang are the two contrasting characteristics and aspects of the interaction when certain physical conditions that have a lasting effect on the human physiological metabolic function are correlated with the morbidity. Specific methods of yinyang pattern differentiation can be divided into several types of yin and yang indicators. First, time and space factors like day and night, hot and cold seasons, above and below, topographical districts. Second, colors and pulse and their/or relative clearness and muddiness, hardness and softness, moving and resting. Third, diagnose yin and yang patterns through distinguishing the true and false of a fever and cold in an emergency phase such as increase of brain pressure and shock state. Fourth, general characteristics of the propensity and constitution of a subject such as body type, speech, behavior, and physiological metabolism. And for clinical use, these were summarized again as a symptom indicators of physical signs and color, pulse, tongue and questionnaire indicators of propensity, body type, and space-time characteristics. Conclusively, it was confirmed that yinyang pattern differentiation has its own diagnostic significance which is distinct from exterior-interior, cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern differentiation.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

Objective : We performed a clinical study to investigate pattern characteristics in persistent allergic rhinitis depending on Korean Medicine pattern questionnaire items as a pattern identification diagnostic tool. Method : 32 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis were asked to interview with doctor of Korean Medicine and perform the 4 pattern questionnaires(Cold-Heat Pattern, Phlegm Pattern, Yin Deficiency pattern, bloodstasis pattern). Then, we analyzed the response rate of each pattern questionnaires. Results : After diagnosis of Korean Medicine Doctor's pattern identification, 17 individual items have higher response rate, 7 of 17 items have a common tendency in allergic rhinitis. The other 8 of 10 items belong to Lung qi deficiency cold and Lung-spleen qi deficiency group, these have higher tendency of deficiency. In bloodstasis pattern questionnaires, we don't decide the tendency of patients with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion : The result may provide that we don't use Korean Medicine pattern questionnaires as a major tool in the pattern identification of allergic rhinitis. Continuous studies are needed to develop the standardized pattern identification diagnostic tool.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

Objectives : This study examined the reliability of disease mechanism diagnosis, to evaluate items of questionnaires and inquire about the relationships between disease mechanisms and 'diagnosis program' questionnaires used for the objective diagnosis of Oriental medicine in the department of Oriental OB&GYN, Oriental Medical Hospital of Dongeui University. Method : We analyzed the results of questionnaires from 3504 outpatients of OB&GYN disease at the Oriental Medical Hospital of Dongeui University from April 2000 to April 2005. Results & Conclusions : 1. The research questionnaire had 188 questions, the summary questionnaire 137, and the diagnosis questionnaire 80. 2. The reliability of all questionnaires shows above 90% in deficiency of qi, deficiency of Yin, insufficiency of Yang coldness heat syndrome liver and spleen kidney in all, 8 case disease mechanisms. These are higher in the diagnosis questionnaires than in the research questionnaires and the summary questionnaires, except for kidney disease mechanism. 3. Cronbach a of the questionnaires decreased, especially blood deficiency, phlegm, heat syndrome, and insufficiency of Yang; these 4 case disease mechanisms were lower than 0.6. 4. For degree of correspondence of meeting points, both. the diagnosis and the summary questionnaires were above 80% with the exception of the 2 case disease mechanisms heart and blood deficiency. The meeting points of both the diagnosis and research questionnaires were above 80% in the to case disease mechanisms deficiency of qi blood stasis deficiency of Yim insufficiency of Yang damp dryness liver spleen kidney phlegm. 5. The change in the result values of questionnaires was a decreased level of deficiency of qi heat syndrome phlegm damp kidney and raised level of coldness heart disorder of qi dryness 6. The computation degree of disease mechanism in DSOM(r) D.1.1 was much lower on phlegm deficiency of qi heat syndrome disorder of blood, somewhat lower on insufficiency of Yang and higher on coldness than in the two different questionnaires.