• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.10
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• pp.61-71
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• 1971

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of slaked lime and borax on the Akiochi paddy field. The pot trial(slaked lime was treated 0, 6, 10, 15g and borax 0, 0.75, 1.5g per pot) and the field trial(slaked lime was treated 0, 100, 200kg and borax 0, 10, 30, 50kg per 10are) respectively. The results are summarized as fo11ows. I. Pot Trial: 1. In a heavy treated of borax, appeared chlorosis on whole leaves(bottom) in early growing stage, However, in about 25 days after transplanting, these chlorosis were disappeared gradually. And in proportion to close by maturity after the ear-heading, changed to dark brown color and rolled at the end of upper leaves, finally withered. At the same time the part of the end of grains was also colored to dark brown. 2. Slaked lime effected to increase the ti1lering, hence increased the number of ear, on the other hand, borax showed the tendency of repression the tillering, conversely. 3. Borax effected to hurried up to heading date of rice plant, to which borax had been the plot of B$_1$ to 3 days and B$_2$ to 5 days, hurried up than control respectively, regardless of the quantities of slaked lime application. 4. According to the application of borax, the length of culm were shortened, otherwise the length of panicle were longished, then no recognized the. independent effect of slaked lime. 5. The number of grains per panicle were seemed like increased by treatment of slaked lime, but the grain were decreased in the heavy treatment of slaked lime and borax. These phenomena were showed in ratio of maturity likely tendency as above. 6. In the 1, 000 grains weight of brown rice, in the case of slaked lime was almost no significant, otherwise by increase the application of borax, increased the weight of 1, 000 grains and the size of the grains was greater. 7. The weight of rough rice and straw were showed the same tendency as the number of grains and maturity ratio. particularly, showed the phenomenon of the reduction by the heavy application of borax. II. Field trial: 1. In a heavy treated of borax, appeared chlorosis in a early growing stage, according to close by maturiting date after the ear-heading changed to dark brown the end of upper leaves, finally dried. 2. Slaked lime application accelerated the growth and increased the number of ear, but borax showed the tendency of repression the tillering. 3. Borax effected to hurried up to heading date of rice plant, according to heavy treatment of borax quickened heading date for 4 to 5 days. 4. As a whole, culm length was repressed by borax treatment. 5. Borax application 10kg per 10are advanced progress the maturity, but in the case of above 30kg per 10are of borax showed the tendency obstruction the maturity. 6. The yield of rough rice and brown rice recognized the independent effect of slaked lime and borax, respectively. the yield was decreased by the abundant of borax.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.57-74
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• 2005

Rice yield and protein content have been shown to be highly variable across paddy fields. In order to characterize this spatial variability of rice within a field, the two-year experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in a large-scale rice field of $6,600m^2$ In year 2004, an experiment was conducted to know if prescribed N for site-specific fertilizer management at panicle initiation stage (VRT) could reduce spatial variation in yield and protein content of rice while increasing yield compared to conventional uniform N topdressing (UN, ,33 kg N/ha at PIS) method. The trial field was subdivided into two parts and each part was subjected to UN and VRT treatment. Each part was schematically divided in $10\times10m$ grids for growth and yield measurement or VRT treatment. VRT nitrogen prescription for each grid was calculated based on the nitrogen (N) uptake (from panicle initiation to harvest) required for target rice protein content of $6.8\%$, natural soil N supply, and recovery of top-dressed N fertilizer. The required N uptake for target rice protein content was calculated from the equations to predict rice yield and protein content from plant growth parameters at panicle initiation stage (PIS) and N uptake from PIS to harvest. This model equations were developed from the data obtained from the previous two-year experiments. The plant growth parameters for this calculation were predicted non-destructively by canopy reflectance measurement. Soil N supply for each grid was obtained from the experiment of year 2003, and N recovery was assumed to be $60\%$ according to the previous reports. The prescribed VRT N ranged from 0 to 110kg N/ha with average of 57kg/ha that was higher than 33kg/ha of UN. The results showed that VRT application successfully worked not only to reduce spatial variability of rice yield and protein content but also to increase rough rice yield by 960kg/ha. The coefficient of variation (CV) for rice yield and protein content was reduced significantly to $8.1\%\;and\;7.1\%$ in VRT from $14.6\%\;and\;13.0\%$ in UN, respectively. And also the average protein content of milled rice in VRT showed very similar value of target protein content of $6.8\%$. Although N use efficiency of VRT compared to UN was not quantified due to lack of no N control treatment, the procedure used in this paper for VRT estimation was believed to be reliable and promising method for managing within-field spatial variability of yield and protein content. The method should be received further study before it could be practically used for site-specific crop management in large-scale rice field.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.523-531
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• 2008

Buffalo are a major source of milk production, contributing 12.1% in the World and 38.0% in Asia. The buffaloes are kept under peri-urban farming systems to produce milk for urban populations. Breeding is delayed in these herds to get more economic benefit because farmers believe that the pregnancy decreases milk production. The lactation milk value has been studied in this paper as an economic indicator. Complete milk yield records of 3,304 buffaloes was collected from a group of state farms. Economic traits including lactation yield, lactation length, calving interval (CI), dry period and milk yield per day of calving interval (MYPDCI) were derived from the data. The animals were grouped according to parity number (1-3), service period (G1 to G4, conceiving during <150, 150-200, 200-300 and >300 days post calving) and yield levels (HMY>2,500; MMY 2,001-2,500; and LMY 1,500-2,000 liters/ lactation). To study the effect of pregnancy on milk composition a research trial was conducted at a medium size private dairy farm, using forty lactating buffaloes of three yield levels and four service period groups, as described already. Milk was sampled on alternate weeks and analyzed for fat and protein contents (%). For quantifying the value of milk produced during a lactation period, the value corrected milk (VCM) was determined and converted to lactation milk value (LMV). Group means were compared for varicous parameters. Highest milk yield ($2,836.50{\pm}15.68$ liters/lactation) was recorded in the HMY animals of G4 group while lowest milk yield of $1,657.04{\pm}8.34$ liters/lactation was found in LMY of G1. Lactation was significantly increased with the extending of service period. The shortest dry period was recorded in HMY, parity 1, G1 animals and the longest in parity 2, MMY, G4.The CI was shortest in HMY, parity 1, and G1 animals and longest in LMY, parity 3, G4 buffaloes. The HMY, parity 2, G1 buffaloes showed the highest MYPDCI and the lowest value was recorded ($6.53{\pm}0.17$ vs. $2.76{\pm}0.04$ liter/day) for LMY, parity 1, G4 buffaloes. The VCM decreased with the delayed conception. This decreasing trend was higher in respect of the total yield but decrease in the VCM was smaller due to the increasing levels of fat and protein in the milk. The gap between the various production classes was reduced based on the VCM as compared with the yield per day of CI. LMV showed a consistent decline with extending service period in all three production groups. The study suggests that CI increased with delayed conception, showing a consistent trend in the low, moderate and high yielding buffaloes. There was a coherent declining pattern of milk yield with delaying conception, associated with prolonged CI. An animal conceiving at a later stage of lactation showed a decline in financial returns of 24 to 27% compared with those conceiving earlier.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2019

'Aram' is a soybean cultivar developed for soy-sprout. It was developed from the crossing of 'Bosug' (Glycine max IT213209) and 'Camp' (G. max IT267356) cultivars in 2007. F₁ plants and F₂ population were developed in 2009 and 2010. A promising line was selected in the F₅ generation in 2011 using the pedigree method and it was evaluated for agronomic traits, yield, and soy-sprouts characteristics in a preliminary yield trial (PYT) in 2012 and an advanced yield trial (AYT) in 2013. Agronomic traits and yield were stable between 2014 and 2016 in the regional yield trial (RYT) in four regions (Suwon, Naju, Dalseong, and Jeju). Morphological characteristics of 'Aram' are as follows: determinate plant type, purple flowers, grey pubescence, yellow pods, and small, yellow, and spherical seeds (9.9 g 100-seeds^-1) with a light brown hilum. The flowering date was the 5^th of August and the maturity date was the 15^th of October. Plant height, first pod height, number of nods, number of branches, and number of pods were 65 cm, 13 cm, 16, 4.5, and 99, respectively. In the sprout test, germination rate and sprout characteristics of 'Aram' were comparable to that of the 'Pungsannamulkong' cultivar. The yield of 'Aram' was 3.59 ton ha^-1 and it was 12% higher than that of 'Pungsannamulkong' in southern area of Korea. The yield of 'Aram' in the Jeju region, which is the main region for soybean sprout production, was 20% higher than that of 'Pungsannamulkong'. The height of the first pod and the tolerance to lodging and pod shattering, which are connected to the adaptation to mechanized harvesting, were higher in 'Aram' compared to those in 'Pungsannamulkong'. Therefore, the 'Aram' cultivar is expected to be broadly cultivated because of its higher soybean sprout quality, and seed yield and better adaptation to mechanized harvesting. (Registration number: 7718)

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1982

During the two-years(1979 to 1980) fertilization trial on 4-year-old chestnut tree plantations, total insolation was diminished in 1980 because of unseasonable weather. In every fertilization treatment plot, especially in the NPK-fertilized plot with magnesium, growth of trees and yield of chestnuts have been increased significantly. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The growth in the NPK-fertilized plot with boron and magnesium was 20 percent higher than in plots fertilized with NPK alone. 2) Although there was some frost damage to trees on November 14, 1979, the 1979 weather was otherwise normal and daily insolation averaged 7 hours from June through september, The 1979 fertilization indices for chesnut yield were 167 for NPK with boron and 207 for NPK with magnesium, as compared with the base index of 100 for NPK alone. 3) In 1980, the second year of the fertilization trial, unseasonable weather decreased the average daily insolation from June through September to 3.8 hours. Under such conditions, the fertilization indices for chestnut yield were 620 for NPK with boron and 741 for NPK with magnesium, and Boron, as compared to the base index of 100 for NPK alone; i.e. the yields of plots treated with NPK and magnesium were 21 percent higher than for plots with NPK and boron and 7 times the yields for plots with NPK alone, But in the trial plot of NPK, yield of chestnut in 1980 decreased compared with 1979, 4) All test plots had natural magnesium levels lower than 0.8me/100gr., and the treatments with NPK and magnesium would have been less apparent on soils with higher magnesium level. The spectacular effects of treatment with NPK and magnesium during periods of low insolation may result from increased chlorophyll production and corresponding increases in active carbon assimilation, which should play an important role in carbohydrate formation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and forage productivity between Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Oats (Avena sativa L.) sown in early spring on trial field of Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan and Jeollanam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Naju in 2007 and 2008. Varieties used were Swan and Foothill in early- and late-maturing Oats, and Kospeed and Hwasan 101 in early- and late-maturing Italian ryegrass, respectively. In early-maturing variety, heading date of Swan was 14 May that was earlier one day than that of Kospeed. Plant length of Swan was 92cm that was longer 4cm than that of Kospeed. Average dry matter (DM) yield of 3 trial regions was not significantly different between Kospeed (6,809 kg/ha) and Swan (6,756 kg/ha) but DM yield of Italian ryegrass Hwasan 101 was less 35% than that of Swan. Average total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield of 3 trial regions was not significantly different between Kospeed (4,240 kg/ha) and Swan (4,162 kg/ha). In paddy cultivation of Naju, TDN yield of Kospeed was 4,154 kg/ha that was more 45% than that of Swan. Forage feed value was similar Kospeed to Swan in early maturing variety. Considering TDN yield and feed value of forage, early-maturing variety of Italian ryegrass was effective for spring-sown cultivation and suitable for forage production on paddy in southland of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2009

"Sukang", a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross "Suwon266" / "Asakaze" during 1994. "Sukang" was evaluated as "Iksan312" in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2005. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2006 and 2008. "Sukang" is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of "Sukang" were similar to "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Sukang" were 90 cm and 8.1 cm, longer culm length and similar spike length compared to "Keumkang" (80 cm and 7.9 cm, respectively). "Sukang" had similar test weight (819 g/L) and lower 1,000-grain weight (40.2 g) than "Keumkang" (813 g/L and 44.9 g, respectively). "Sukang" showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the high ridge (4.5%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (0.2%) than "Keumkang" (21.9% and 30.4%, respectively). "Sukang" had lower flour yield (71.1%) and higher ash content (0.45%) than "Keumkang" (74.1% and 0.42%, respectively). "Sukang" showed lower lightness (89.13) and higher yellowness (10.93) in flour color than "Keumkang" (90.02 and 9.28, respectively). It showed higher protein content (12.8%) and gluten content (11.1%) and lower SDS-sedimentation volume (56.8 ml) and mixing time of mixograph (2.6 min) than "Keumkang" (11.9%, 10.2%, 62.3 ml and 4.7 min, respectively). Fermentation properties, amylose content and pasting properties of "Sukang" were similar to "Keumkang". "Sukang" showed different compositions in high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, $2^{\ast}$, 13+16, 2+12) and puroindolines (pina-1b/pinb-1a) compared to "Keumkang" ($2^{\ast}$, 7+8, 5+10 in HMW-GS and Pina-1a/Pinb-1b in puroindolines, respectively). "Sukang" showed lower hardness (4.53 N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.94 and 0.63) compared to "Keumkang" (4.65 N, 0.93 and 0.64, respectively). Average yield of "Sukang" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.34 MT/ha in upland and 4.72 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 4% and 1% lower than those of "Keumkang" (5.55 MT/ha and 4.77 MT/ha, respectively). "Sukang" would be suitable for the area above $-10^{\circ}C$ of daily minimum temperature in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1997

A new Sikbangpoong(Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg) variety, 'Sikbangpoog 1', was developed through a pure line selection at the Kyougpuk Provincial RDA during the period of 1990 to 1995. The variety was characterized to have higher stem height, leaf number and seed production, and larger root diameter compared with the check variety of Bonghwa Sikbangpoong but plant height of 'Siknagpoong 1' was similar to that of the check variety and it was also more tolerant to water and heat stress. Root color of 'Sikbangpoong 1' was yellowish brown and root shape of the variety was straight and conical. The root yields of Sikbangpoong 1 in yield trial, regional adaptation trial and farmer's field trial were always 10-28% higher than those of the check variety.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1598-1603
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• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate kenaf as a roughage source in vitro and its effects on meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native) cattle. Methods: Three roughage materials, rice straw silage, ryegrass silage, and kenaf silage, were tested in a batch culture and feeding trial. Rumen fermentation parameters, including gas, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and ammonia were analyzed. In the feeding trial, Hanwoo steers ($373.5{\pm}5.1kg$, n = 36, 11 month of age) were divided into three feeding groups (n = 12 each). Animals were fed with each silage and concentrate until the fattening stage. Results: Crude protein, ether extract, and non-structural carbohydrates were greater in kenaf silage. Total gas production was higher in ryegrass silage, followed by kenaf silage and rice straw silage (p<0.05). Total VFA and individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and n-butyrate) were greater in kenaf silage than rice straw silage (p<0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility showed a similar trend to that of total gas and VFA production; it was higher in ryegrass silage and lower in rice straw (p<0.05). Throughout the feeding trial, the rice straw silage group showed significantly greater average daily gain than did the others (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in the group fed kenaf silage was significantly greater than that of others (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in yield or quality traits, including carcass weight, ribeye area, backfat thickness, and scores for marbling, meat color, and fat color (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that no negative effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics occurred across treatments. Therefore, kenaf could be substituted for rice straw, which is most widely used as a roughage source in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 1987

Two trial products of monogranular compound fertilizer for red pepper under vinyl mulching cultivatin were made using the principal sources of urea, diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash in combination with fillers of treated human wastes (product I) and zeolite (Product II). A field experiment was carried out to evaluate their effects on red pepper and the results obtained were as follows. Red pepper plant growth and total red fruit yields in the trial products of one time basal application were better and higher than those of NPK split application of contrl plot. The increases of yield in the trial products might be due to steady supply of nutrients for the entire growing period. Therefore, one time basal dressing of a developed monogranular compound fertilizer for red pepper was applicable under vinyl mulching cultivation.