• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.421-438
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• 2003

Aging and deterioration of existing steel structures necessitate the development of simple and efficient rehabilitation techniques. The current study investigates a methodology to enhance the flexural capacity of steel beams by bonding Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) sheets to their flanges. A heavy duty adhesive, tested in a previous study is used to bond the steel and the GFRP sheet. In addition to its ease of application, the GFRP sheet provides a protective layer that prevents future corrosion of the steel section. The study reports the results of bending tests conducted on a W-shaped steel beam before and after rehabilitation using GFRP sheets. Enhancement in the moment capacity of the beam due to bonding GFRP sheet is determined from the test results. A closed form analytical model that can predict the yield moment as well as the stresses induced in the adhesive and the GFRP sheets of rehabilitated steel beam is developed. A detailed finite element analysis for the tested specimens is also conducted in this paper. The steel web and flanges as well as the GFRP sheets are simulated using three-dimensional brick elements. The shear and peel stiffness of the adhesive are modeled as equivalent linear spring systems. The analytical and experimental results indicate that a significant enhancement in the ultimate capacity of the steel beam is achieved using the proposed technique. The finite element analysis is employed to describe in detail the profile of stresses and strains that develop in the rehabilitated steel beam.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2014

The present study investigated the effects of thermal pre-treatment on the enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of waste activated sludge at varied TS concentration levels. The activated sludges were thermally oxidized for 30 minutes at $80{\sim}200^{\circ}C$ with varied TS concentrations (2%, 4% and 6%). and then, sludge characteristics, solubilization efficiency and methane production yield of thermally pre-treated sludges were analyzed. The higher the temperature in the thermal pre-treatment, the higher the concentration levels of dissolved matters such as $SCOD_{Cr}$, $NH_4{^+}$ and VFAs, which indicates that the thermal pre-treatment facilitates the hydrolysis and acid fermentation. Furthermore, the solubilization efficiency was increased in proportion to the temperature rise at all TS concentrations and was reached at 68.9%, 55.6% and 53.1%, respectively, at $200^{\circ}C$. In the BMP test of the pre-treated sludges, higher methane production yields were observed as 0.313. 0.314 and $0.299m^3\;CH_4/kg\;VS_{add}$ at the condition of TS 2% ($160^{\circ}C$), 4% ($160^{\circ}C$) and 6% ($180^{\circ}C$), respectively, and degradation rate was increased by 84%, 79% and 65% compared with non-pretreated waste activated sludge. These findings suggest the effectiveness of thermal pre-treatment of waste activated sludge for anaerobic biodegradable process.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2019

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas. Cardiac involvement is known to have poor prognosis because it can manifest as a serious condition such as the conduction abnormality, heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, or sudden cardiac death. Although early diagnosis and early treatment is critical to improve patient prognosis, the diagnosis of CS is challenging in most cases. Diagnosis usually relies on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), but its diagnostic yield is low due to the incidence of patchy myocardial involvement. Guidelines for the diagnosis of CS recommend a combination of clinical, electrocardiographic, and imaging findings from various modalities, if EMB cannot confirm the diagnosis. Especially, the role of advanced imaging such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), has shown to be important not only for the diagnosis, but also for monitoring treatment response and prognostication. CMR can evaluate cardiac function and fibrotic scar with good specificity. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in CMR shows a distinctive enhancement pattern for each disease, which may be useful for differential diagnosis of CS from other similar diseases. Effectively, T1 or T2 mapping techniques can be also used for early recognition of CS. In the meantime, PET can detect and quantify metabolic activity and can be used to monitor treatment response. Recently, the use of a hybrid CMR-PET has introduced to allow identify patients with active CS with excellent co-localization and better diagnostic accuracy than CMR or PET alone. However, CS may show various findings with a wide spectrum, therefore, radiologists should consider the possible differential diagnosis of CS including myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Radiologists should recognize the differences in various diseases that show the characteristics of mimicking CS, and try to get an accurate diagnosis of CS.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.409-431
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• 2022

Various insects have emerged as novel feed resources due to their economical, eco-friendly, and nutritive characteristics. Fish, poultry, and pigs are livestock that can feed on insects. The digestibility of insect-containing meals were presented by the species, life stage, nutritional component, and processing methods. Several studies have shown a reduced apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) when insects were supplied as a replacement for commercial meals related to chitin. Although the expression of chitinase mRNA was present in several livestock, indigestible components in insects, such as chitin or fiber, could be a reason for the reduced ADC. However, various components can positively affect livestock health. Although the bio-functional properties of these components have been verified in vitro, they show positive health-promoting effects owing to their functional expression when directly applied to animal diets. Changes in the intestinal microbiota of animals, enhancement of immunity, and enhancement of antibacterial activity were confirmed as positive effects that can be obtained through insect diets. However, there are some issues with the safety of insects as feed. To increase the utility of insects as feed, microbial hazards, chemical hazards, and allergens should be regulated. The European Union, North America, East Asia, Australia, and Nigeria have established regulations regarding insect feed, which could enhance the utility of insects as novel feed resources for the future.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.245-268
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• 2023

The effects of phosphate alternatives on meat quality in marinated chicken were investigated with the application of chilling and freezing. Breast muscles were injected with solution of the green weight containing 1.5% NaCl and 2% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or phosphate alternatives. Treatment variables consisted of no phosphate [control (-)], 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate [control (+)], 0.3% prune juice (PJ), 0.3% oyster shell, 0.3% nano-oyster shell, and 0.3% yeast and lemon extract (YLE) powder. One-third of the meat samples were stored at 4℃ for 1 d, and the rest of the meats were kept at -18℃ for 7 d. In chilled meat, a lower drip loss was noted for control (+) and YLE, whereas higher cooking yield in YLE compared to all tested groups. Compared with control (+), the other treatments except PJ showed higher pH, water holding capacity, moisture content, lower thawing and cooking loss, and shear force. Natural phosphate alternatives except for PJ, improved the CIE L^* compared to control (-), and upregulated total protein solubility. However, phosphate alternatives showed similar or higher oxidative stability and impedance measurement compared to control (+), and an extensive effect on myofibrillar fragmentation index. A limited effect was observed for C^*, h°, and free amino acids in treated meat. Eventually, the texture profile attributes in cooked of phosphate alternatives improved except for PJ. The results indicate the high potential use of natural additives could be promising and effective methods for replacing synthetic phosphate in chilled and frozen chicken with quality enhancement.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3799-3804
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• 2014

Mycosporine-like 아미노산(MAAs)은 UV 흡수물질이며, 다양한 해양생물들은 MAAs의 합성과 축적을 통하여 환경자외선의 직 간접적인 영향을 감소시키는 기능을 진화시켜 왔다. 이 연구에서는 미세조류, Chlamydomonas hedleyi에 포도당 전달 단백질인 Glucose transporter 1(Glut-1) 유전자를 pCAM1303 벡터에 도입한 형질전환체를 제작하여, 형질전환체의 바이오매스를 최대로 증가시킬 수 있는 최적의 Glucose 농도와 NH4Cl농도를 결정하고, 고주파(Radiofrequency) 발생장치를 활용한 바이오매스 증가와 함께 MAA를 대량 생산할 수 있는 배양 조건을 확립하였다. 연구결과 고주파 처리를 통한 형질전환 미세조류는 4.13 mg/L(MAAs/DCW)으로 3.23 mg/L(MAAs/DCW)의 고주파 처리 없이 배양한 형질전환체보다 효율이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 자외선 A 흡수물질을 인위적으로 증폭시킬 수 있어서, 대량배양한 후 MAAs물질을 분리 및 정제하여 피부자극성이 없는 친환경적인 자외선 차단 화장품 산업화에 크게 기여할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 높은 수율로 xylitol을 생산하기 위하여 P. stipitis CBS 5776으로부터 xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH)의 활성이 결여된 변이균주의 개발과 xylitol 발효 특성에 관한 실험을 수행하였다. EMS를 처리하여 XDH defective 변이균주인 PXM-4를 최종적으로 선별하였고, 변이균주 PXM-4의 XDH 활성을 측정하여 XDH 활성이 완전히 제거된 변이균주임을 확인하였다. 변이균주 PXM-4의 xylitol 발효에서 가장 적합한 cosubstrate로서 galactose를 선정하였다. Galactose와 xylose의 혼합당 배지에서 xylitol 생산이 오히려 낮아졌고, 20 g/L 이상에서는 xylitol 생산이 호히려 낮아졌고, 20 g/L의 xylose를 이용한 xylitol 발효에서 가장 적합한 galactose의 농도는 20 g/L 이었으며, 생산된 xylitol의 농도는 14.4 g/L 이었고, 수율은 97% 이었다. 또한 잔존하는 xylose를 완전히 xylitol로 전환시키기 위하여 xylitol 농도가 증가되지 않는 시기에 glalactose를 첨가함으로써 최종 xylotil 농도를 25 g/L 까지 향상시켰다. 옥수수 속의 산 가수분해 용액을 이용한 xylitol 발효에서 배지 내 존재하는 xylose는 모두 xylitol로 전환됨으로 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과에 따라 XDH defective 변이균주를 개발함으로써 높은 수율의 xylitol 생산이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2008

Roots of Ophiorrhiza prostrata D. Don serve as a rich source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer drug. Because of the large-scale collection of its roots, the plant has become a threatened species. The present study accomplishes the induction of adventitious roots as a means for the production of CPT as well as for the large-scale propagation of this anticancer drug plant using leaf and internode explants. The biomass yield and CPT content of adventitious roots induced from different explants were compared to roots developed on ex vitro rooted stem cuttings. Adventitious roots were produced on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $10.74{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid and $2.32{\mu}M$ kinetin at mean fresh weights of 0.753, 0.739 and 0.748 g roots from leaf, internode and shoot, respectively. CPT yield from in vitro derived roots after 50, 80 and 120 days of incubation (0.028, 0.06 and 0.1% dry weight, respectively) was not significantly different from those harvested at the same age from ex vitro rooted (0.03, 0.06 and 0.13%, respectively) stem cuttings. CPT from subcultured roots derived from solid (0.08%) medium was lower than from suspension culture medium (0.12%). Subsequent cultures of the adventitious roots showed a stable production of CPT (0.16%). The yield of CPT from 360-day-old plant-derived roots was 0.19%. Elicitation using methyl jasmonate and acetyl salicylic acid exhibited no enhancement in CPT yield. In vitro propagation through direct shoot regeneration was achieved from the adventitious roots upon transfer to MS medium with $8.87{\mu}M$ $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) and $2.46{\mu}M$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with a mean of 21.2 shoots per culture in 50 days. The shoots upon subculture on medium having the same level of BA and IBA underwent rapid proliferation. The shoots transferred to field conditions after in vitro rooting exhibited 95% survival. Adventitious root induction, from leaf and internode explants, enables the feasible production of CPT as well as the large-scale rapid propagation of this species which can safeguard it from extinction.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2005

지난 10년 동안 유전체 내부에 형성된 나노미터 크기의 규소알갱이는 발광센터로서 주목 받아왔다 나노미터 크기인 결정질 규소의 엑시토닉 전자-홀의 쌍들이 발광결합에 기여한다고 여겨진다. 그러나 규소결정에 존재하는 여러가지 결함들은 비발광 천이의 경로가 되어 나노규소결접립의 발광천이와 경쟁하여 발광효율을 저하시키는 요인이 된다. 이러한 결정 결함들은 고온 열처리과정에서 대부분 소멸되나 $1000^{\circ}C$ 이상의 공정 에서도 나노규소와 유전체의 계면에 존재하는 결함들은 나노규소결정립의 발광을 억제하게 된다. 일반적으로 수소로서 규소결정립의 계면을 마감처리하게 되면 규소결정립의 발광효율이 획기적으로 향상되나 불행하게도 매질 내 수소의 높은 이동성으로 말미암아 후속 열처 리 과정에서 수소마감효과는 쉽게 손실된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 온도가역적인 수소 대신 인을 이온주입 방법으로 첨가하여 수소와 같은 계면 마감효과를 얻으며 또한 후속 고온공정 에 대한 내구력을 증대시켰다. 모재인 산화규소 기판에 400keV, $1\times10^{17}\; Si/cm^2$와 그 주위에 균일한 함량을 도핑하기 위하여 다중에너지의 인을 주입하였다. 규소와 인을 이온주입 후 Ar 분위기에서 $1100^{\circ}C$ , 두 시간의 후열처리를 통하여 규소결정립을 형성하였으며 향상된 내열효과를 시험하기 위하여 Ar 분위기에서 $1000^{\circ}C$까지 열처리하였다. 인으로 마감된 나노미터 크기인 규소 결정립의 향상된 광-발광(PL)효과와 감쇄시간, 그리고 발광파장의 변화에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.479-482
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• 2008

Since late of 2000, KIER has developed a novel pyrolysis process for production of fuel oils from polymer wastes. It could have been possible due to large-scale funding of the Resource Recycling R&D Center. The target was to develop an uncatalyzed, continuous and automatic process producing oils that can be used as a fuel for small-scale industrial boilers. The process development has proceeded in three stages bench-scale unit, pilot plant and demonstration plant. As a result, the demonstration plant having capacity of 3,000 tons/year has been constructed and is currently under test operation for optimization of operation conditions. The process consisted of four parts ; feeding system, cracking reactor, refining system and others. Raw materials were pretreated via shredding and classifying to remove minerals, water, etc. There were 3 kind of products, oils(80%), gas(15%), carbonic residue(5%). The main products i.e. oils were gasoline and diesel. The calorific value of gas has been found to be about 18,000kcal/$m^3$ which is similar to petroleum gas and shows that it could be used as a process fuel. Key technologies adopted in the process are 1) Recirculation of feed for rapid melting and enhancement of fluidity for automatic control of system, 2) Tubular reactor specially-designed for heavy heat flux and prevention of coking, 3)Recirculation of heavy fraction for prevention of wax formation, and 4) continuous removal & re-reaction of sludge for high yield of main product (oil) and minimization of residue. The advantages of the process are full automation, continuous operation, no requirement of catalyst, minimization of coking and sludge problems, maximizing the product(fuel oil) yield and purity, low initial investment and operation costs and environment- friendly process. In this presentation, background of pyrolysis technology development, the details of KIER pyrolysis process flow, key technologies and the performances of the process will be discussed in detail.