• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.106-119
• /
• 2023

With the increased number of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets in public repositories, integrative analysis of multiple scRNA-seq datasets has become commonplace. Batch effects among different datasets are inevitable because of differences in cell isolation and handling protocols, library preparation technology, and sequencing platforms. To remove these batch effects for effective integration of multiple scRNA-seq datasets, a number of methodologies have been developed based on diverse concepts and approaches. These methods have proven useful for examining whether cellular features, such as cell subpopulations and marker genes, identified from a certain dataset, are consistently present, or whether their condition-dependent variations, such as increases in cell subpopulations in particular disease-related conditions, are consistently observed in different datasets generated under similar or distinct conditions. In this review, we summarize the concepts and approaches of the integration methods and their pros and cons as has been reported in previous literature.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.583-598
• /
• 2023

Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors. Growing evidence suggests that sex-based factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the differences in the effects of drugs based on sex may help improve their effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed sex differences in the impact of therapeutics targeting risk factors for dementia, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, to prevent the incidence and/or progression of dementia.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2015

Many researches have been studied to overcome the weak points in authentication schemes of mobile devices such as pattern-authentication that is vulnerable for smudge-attack. Since random-pattern-lock authenticates users by drawing figure of predefined-shape, it can be a method for robust security. However, the authentication performance of random-pattern-lock is influenced by input noise and individual characteristics sign pattern. We introduce an optimization method of user input direction to increase the authentication accuracy of random-pattern-lock. The method uses the likelihood of each direction given an data which is angles of line drawing by user. We adjusted recognition range for each direction and achieved the authentication rate of 95.60%.

• 한국철학논집
• /
• 제59호
• /
• pp.39-63
• /
• 2018

한말 기호학계는 호락논쟁이 학문 외적인 것으로 변질되고, '리무위', '심시기'를 기반으로 하는 전통적 입장과는 다른 다양한 학설들이 크게 호응을 얻게 되면서 학계의 급속한 분열 현상이 발생하게 된다. 하지만 한말 기호학계 성리학자들은 학계 내부의 갈등을 종식시키려는 동일한 지향점을 가지고 학계를 통합할 수 있는 일련의 노력들을 기울인다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 한말 기호학계는 다양한 학문적 입장 차이를 보였으며, 특히 자가설을 수립하여 이를 통해 새롭게 문인 집단화 하는 현상이 발생한다. 대표적으로 심주리의 성리설을 제시한 화서, 노사학파 그리고 리무위, 기유위, 성즉리, 심시기의 전통적 입장에 대해서는 동일하게 수용하면서도 미세한 입장 차이를 보였던 간재, 연재, 의당학파가 공존하고 있었다. 그리고 기호학계의 학문적 분화와 학파 분열의 과정을 통해 한말 기호학계를 비롯한 이 시기 성리학계를 특징짓는 심설논쟁이 광범위하게 펼쳐진다. 하지만 끝내 합의되지 않는 서로간의 논쟁 속에서도 이들 모두가 추구한 공통된 가치가 있으니 바로 성리학의 궁극적 목적인 도덕적 이상사회를 건설하는 것이었다. 결과론적으로 본다면 비록 그들이 추구했던 목적은 이루어지지 않았지만, 한말이라는 엄중한 시기에 이러한 요청이 더욱 절실하였음을 그들이 치열하게 펼쳤던 심설논쟁을 통해 확인할 수 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.29-44
• /
• 2022

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the impact of having a usual source of care on health behaviors of the middle aged and the elderly, in order to investigate the potential effect of enhancing primary health care in a Korean context. Methods: This study constructed a balanced panel of middle-aged and elderly samples using the Korea Health Panel 2016-2018, and fixed-effect models were used to analyze the data. Results: Among three sets of dependent variables (physical activity, smoking, drinking), statistically significant results were found only in physical activity. Subgroup analysis showed that this effect was not observed in the late elderly (aged 75 and older) and those without chronic diseases. Conclusion: Results of the study implied that enhancing primary health care among middle age and the elderly may have an effect on improving health behaviors. Moving forward to person-centered primary health care from disease-focused primary health care should be considered in high-risk groups such as the middle aged and the elderly with chronic diseases.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 2022

Background: This study explores the pathways of nurse turnover in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) and its underlying conditions in Korea. Although the factors of staying or leaving of nurses in LTCHs have been reported, few studies have examined the trajectory and conditions of nurses staying in and leaving LTCHs. Methods: A qualitative study design with a grounded theory approach was conducted. Data were collected in one-to-one interviews. Purposive and theoretical sampling led to the inclusion of 20 registered nurses from 15 LTCHs in South Korea. Results: Seeking work-life balance was the core category of the nurses' turnover pathway. The consequences of the nurses' turnover pathway were categorized into three groups: thriving, surviving, and leaving. Thriving nurses found meaning in their work, fostered good relationships, and saw opportunities for growth. Surviving nurses were enduring their jobs in LTCHs, having a work-life balance, and supportive nursing leaders. Leaving group nurses wished to leave LTCHs due to a lack of professional growth, unappealing work, continued conflict, and social stigma. Conclusion: This study provided the trajectory and conditions for nurses to enter, stay, move, or leave. Understanding the pathways for staying or leaving can be used as a strategy for successful retention of registered nurses in LTCHs.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.67-88
• /
• 2024

Macrofungi are essential decomposers in the forest environment. Although more than 70% of the land is mountainous, there has been a lack of research on mushroom diversity in Korea compared to the global species estimation. For this reason, the need for further research became apparent. The surveys were conducted from 2014 to 2022 nationwide. As a result, 15 unrecorded macrofungal species were discovered: Agaricus thiersii, Baorangia alexandri, Boletellus putuoensis, Entoloma bulakhae, Entoloma pygmaeopapillatum, Entoloma subtenuicystidiatum, Gerronema kuruvense, Hyphoderma nudicephalum, Hyphoderma tenue, Macrolepiota subcitrophylla, Mycena jingyinga, Mycena yuezhuoi, Ophiocordyceps vespulae, Scytinostroma acystidiatum, and Steccherinum straminellum. These species are identified based on morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the nuclear large subunit rRNA (LSU) region. Here, we provided macro- and micro-morphological figures with phylogenetic trees to support 15 species as unrecorded to Korea.

• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2017

순천시 송광면 삼청리 왕대마을에 자리하고 있는 초연정이 왕의 피난처, 제각, 별업, 강학공간으로 변모되는 양상에 착안하여, 시기별로 변모되는 장소성과 문화경관의 변용양상을 탐색하고 그 의미를 추적한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연재 송병선이 명명한 '초연'이란 정자명칭은 노자의 도덕경에 연원하는데, 순천 초연정을 비롯하여 포천 초연대, 가평 초연대, 창덕궁 후원 초연대, 유성 옥류각의 초연물외 등 정(亭), 대(臺), 각(閣) 등 공간속에 다양하게 투영되고 있어 도가적 풍류가 유가적 공간에 자연스럽게 접목되는 유불도 습합양상을 도출할 수 있다. 둘째, 초연정은 모후산 풍수경관과 수목석이 어우러진 계류풍광과 암경, 월출경, 도가적 이상향을 반영한 동천복지, 성리학적 이상향을 반영한 구곡처 등 승경향유의 요처에 절묘하게 자리하고 있으며, 왕대마을(왕의 주둔지), 유경(留京), 왕대사적 바위글씨, 그리고 오장대(장군기를 꽂아 놓은 자리), 모후산 등 고려말 공민왕의 피난처였다는 전설이 전해지는 장소성을 갖는다. 셋째, 초연정의 아름다운 계류 암벽 바위글씨(趙鎭忠別業, 宋秉璿)를 통해 유가적 가치를 반영한 거점(별업)뿐만 아니라 도가적 동천복지로서의 영역성(1km 이내에 월청, 풍청, 수청 각자와 삼청동천), 그리고 외원권역을 확장하여 수변계류에 9곡 <세록교(洗鹿橋) 봉일대(捧日臺) 자미구(紫薇鳩) 운매대(雲梅臺) 와룡총(臥龍叢) 광석대(廣石臺) 은선굴(隱仙窟) 벽옥담(碧玉潭) 와석포(臥石布)>을 설정하고 산수유상과 강학, 경관미학적감수성 제고 등 수심양성을 위한 성리학적 낙토를 원림속에 담아낸 복합 문화경관 향유 양상을 보여준다. 넷째, 초연정은 1778년 대광사 승려의 수도처(水石亭)로서 선원 기능을 하던 장소인데, 1836년 조진충이 선조의 묘 앞에 제각을 지어 별업을 초창했고, 1864년 조재호는 기와로 중수하여 선조를 기리는 별업기능과 도가적 은일처로 활용하는 확장성을 추적할 수 있다. 이후 1890년 조준섭은 스승 연재 송병선에게 '초연'이라는 정자 명칭을 받아 강학처로 활용하는 등 (1)불교 수도처${\rightarrow}$(2)유교 별업처${\rightarrow}$(3)별업+도교적 풍류처${\rightarrow}$(4)별업+도교적 풍류처+강학처(성리학적 낙토)로 용도가 확장 변용되는 양상을 추적할 수 있다.