• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

This study covered the Mulmae, architectural drawing recorded on Yeonggeon-uigwes and Sanleung-uigwes during the late Joseon Dynasty. In uigwes, the term 'Mulmae' was used as a mixture until the 17th century, but from the 18th century, the term 'Mulmae(勿乙每, 勿每, 水每)' was unified into 'Mulmae(水每)'. The paper of the Mulmae was made to be used during the construction period by using a thick oil paper called Yudun. Four Yudun were connected, and its size was 197.4×141cm, which was rather large. The Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty describes how to draw a longitudinal section on a scale of 1/10. The scale of 1/10 was the maximum when comparing the size of the Mulmae with the buildings in uigwes. A sectional drawing of Gongpo in Geunjeongjeon was drawn on a scale of 1/10. There is a testimony that a senior carpenter drew a cross-section on a scale of 1/10. Therefore, it was determined that the scale of the longitudinal section drawn on the Mulmae paper was 1/10. The term 'the Mulmae' was used equally by carpenter active in Japanese colonial era. The scope of the painting was clarified from pillar to rafter. Uigwes records that the Mulmae was made for wood processing. Through this, it can be understood that the Mulmae painted the entire structure as a longitudinal section.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.45-59
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• 2009

This thesis mainly deals with what is th Gurodae, recorded of the YeonggeonUigwe and the SanleungUigwe. Gurodae makes diverse appearance In Uigwes.(久老代, 仇老代, 求路代, 仇老臺, 仇露臺, 求露臺, 仇累臺, 九累臺) It seems that Gurdae was an architectural member used on the roof. Especially that was a member of the eaves. Gurodae looks like a Pyeonggodae, located on the end of the rafters. But it differs in the shape compare to that of Pyeonggodae, Gurodae has the shape of combined members, Pyeonggoaed and Chakgo. Chakgo is a member covering the spae, between two Buyeons So Gurodae has the shape of prominence and depression. The result obtained by surveying the Uigwes is the Gurodae is the Gurodae used until 1789. After the publication of HyeonlyungwonUigwe in 1789, that member was no longer existed on the other Uigwes. In 1794, the making Hwaseong fortress, Gurodae divieed into two members, Chopyeonggodae and Chakgo. Since then Chopyeonggodae and Chakgo never combined again.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.462-470
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• 2021

To find out the wood species used in national wood structures in the late Joseon Dynasty, 11 volumes of Yeonggeon-Uigwes were reviewed. It was confirmed that the wood was mainly used for the repair and restoration of palaces, shrines, and fortresses. In the 17th to 20th centuries, the wood species specified in Yeonggeon-Uigwes have revealed either hardwood or softwood. As hardwood species, Juglans mandshurica, Zelkova serrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Betula schmidtii, Paulownia coreana, or Quercus spp. (Quercus aliena; Q, variabilis; Q, dentata; Q, acutissima; Q, mongolica; Q, serrata) were used. As softwood species, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were used. Investigation of the wood species is important part because the same species is required as a principle when reparing cultural heritage. In this study, the anatomical images of the wood species were investigated for some samples which were taken from the same species that has been stored in the wood specimen room of the National Institute of Forest Science, instead of the actual wood material used. It was possible to find out the wood species of each member in the wooden cultural heritage buildings by reviewing the Yeonggeon-Uigwes in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the anatomical images of the wood species required for determining the wood species in the repair or restoration of the buildings.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.105-116
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• 2020

In this study, the royal protocols of the Joseon Dynasty, known as uigwes, were reviewed to clarify the materials and structure of Korean traditional walls. For this, the Yeonggeon-and Sanreng-uigwes were thoroughly reviewed, and then the names, materials, and construction methods of the traditional walls were systematically organized. In addition, mix proportions of plastering materials used in the walls were estimated based on the records in the uigwes; these were compared with the ratios specified in the current specifications. As a result of the comprehensive review, it was found that the mix proportions of the plastering materials varied depending on importance of buildings, type of walls, and the raw materials. Based on this, it was concluded that the characteristics of each uigwe should be considered when studying the mix proportion of materials for the traditional walls. It was also found that there were differences between the traditional and modern specifications for the wall constructions. That is, historical records and the specifications currently used were different in terms of constituent materials, construction methods and mix proportions. As a cause of the difference, the disconnection of the traditional methods and the introduction of foreign plastering techniques during the rapid social change in the 20th century were suggested.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2023

There are records and claims that tung oil was applied to Korean traditional buildings and furniture as finishing paint. Records of the use of tung oil(桐油) exist in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄) and The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝儀軌). However, there is also a claim that tung oil was not produced in Korea on its own, and that tung oil was not applied to important buildings such as palaces. Silhak scholar(實學者) Seo Yu-gu says that in Korea, people do not know how to grow tung trees, and boiled perilla oil is called tung oil. If tung oil was used in the Joseon Dynasty, it would be necessary to use tung oil for waterproof coating to preserve current architectural heritage, otherwise, tung oil coating would not be desirable. Analyzing the Yeonggeon Uigwe(營建儀軌) among the Joseon Dynasty's Uigwes shows that tung oil is neither mentioned nor used. In addition, as a result of analyzing the Uigwes mentioned in tung oil, it was found that perilla oil or Myeongyu(明油), not tung oil, was recorded in the actual material used. Therefore, the records of the use of tung oil during the Joseon Dynasty can be seen as records using Myeongyu(明油) or Beopryeon perilla oil(法煉荏油).